Dept. of Aquaculture
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Item Comparative study of the Proximate and Amino acids composition of wild versus farmed long-whiskered catfish (Sperata aor) broodstock during reproductive season(Dept. of Aquaculture, 2015-12) KHANAM, MAHBUBAThe study was conducted to compare the proximate and amino acids composition of ovary oocytes and liver tissues of wild and captive female broodstock (Sperata aor) during reproductive season from July to August, 2015 in the Sylhet Agricultural University. A total of 60 female brood fishes were taken in the current study which consisted of 30 captive and 30 wild individuals. Biometric, reproductive, proximate and amino acids variables were undertaken for this brood fish research study. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the length of wild (37.80±1.74) and captive (37.90±1.74) broodstock. The fish length and body weight showed a strong positive relationship (R = 0.99) in case of both wild and captive broodstock. Body weight and ovipositor diameter displayed a positive relationship with ovary weight where R 2 =0.99 respectively. Gonadosomatic index (%) and Hepatosomatic index (%) value also showed a strong positive relationship in wild and captive broodstock where R 2 2 =0.99 and R = 0.9 respectively. Furthermore, the absolute fecundity was 73837.68±2890.47 and 73810.81± 2881.79 in wild and captive fish respectively that showed there were no significant difference (P>0.05) in the fecundity values of both broodstock. In addition, there was also no significant difference (P>0.05) in the proximate composition such as protein, lipid, and ash in ovary oocytes and liver tissues of wild and captive broodstock. However, there is slightly higher protein content in the liver tissues (12.72 ±0.01) and ovary oocytes (12.64 ±0.01) of wild broodstock compare to the liver tissues and ovary oocytes of captive broodstock. A total of eighteen amino acids were investigated in the brood fish ovary oocytes and liver tissues of wild and captive broodstock whereas two essential amino acids, phenylalanine and lysine and two non-essential amino acids, glutamic acid and glycine highly significant (P< 0.05 ) differences among the amino acids in the ovary oocytes and liver tissues of wild broodstock. It is assumed that these two essential amino acids may enhance the spawning activities in wild broodstock of the haor basin of Sylhet. This study may assist to know the factors for spawning and reproductive information of broodstock management in captive condition as well as conservation and protection for sustainable aquaculture management of Sperata aor in the haor basin of Sylhet. 2 2 = 0.89 and RItem DIFFERENT FEED EFFECT ON GROWTH AND BREEDING PERFORMANCE OF SWORDTAIL (Xiphophorus helleri)(Dept. of Aquaculture, 2015-12) Parvez, Md. MasudThe present research was conducted to investigate the effect of different feeds on growth and breeding performance of swordtail fish (Xiphophorus helleri) for 140 days (from 20 June to 7 November 2015) in aquarium. The treatments were T1 (formulated sinking pellet feed of 37.6% protein), T2 (commercial floating pellet feed Mega having 27.6% protein) and T3 (commercial floating pellet feed Fast red having 29.5% protein) with three replications each. Each aquarium was stocked 20 fry (mean initial weight 0.05±0.001g and length 1.68±0.16cm). During the study period, the fry were fed twice a day up to satiation level. At the end of experiment the highest mean weight gain (2.60 ± 0.16g) was found in T3 and the lowest (1.73±0.26g) in T1. The highest mean length gain (4.39 ± 0.05cm) was in T3 and the lowest (3.54 ± 0.13cm) in T1. The highest SGR (2.83±0.04) was found in T3 where as the lowest (2.55±0.11) in T1. The highest FCR (1.99) was in T1 while the lowest (1.32) in T3. The highest survival rate (86.67±2.88%) was recorded in T3 and the lowest (65±5%) in T1. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between T1 and T3 in case of weight gain, length gain, SGR and FCR. In these cases, there was no significant difference between T1 and T2 or T2 and T3 except length gain. Survival rate of T2 was significantly different from T1 and T3. The highest GSI% (9.48±0.66), HSI% (3.16±0.21), relative fecundity (18.48±3.20), number of spawn (36±4), weight of spawn (0.0049 ±0.0006g) and length of spawn (0.76±0.06cm) were found in T3 and the lowest GSI% (5.92±0.62), HSI% (2.33±0.39), relative fecundity (11.55±1.55), number of spawn (22.33±2), weight of spawn (0.0046±0.0006g) and length of spawn (0.57±0.06cm) in T1. There were significant differences between T1 and T3 in case of GSI, HSI, number of spawn and length of spawn. The water quality parameters were monitored at 20 day intervals and their ranges were: temperature 26.8-27.8 C, dissolved oxygen 6-7.5 mg/l, pH 6.26-7.46, ammonium 0.258-0.34, alkalinity 6.4-7 mg/l, nitrite 0.00 mg/l and Phosphate 0.50 mg/l. There was no significant difference among the treatments in water quality parameters. Possible reasons for lower growth and breeding performance of T1 may be its higher content of fiber and also mustard oil cake ingredient containing antinutritional factor glucosinolate, enzyme thioglucosidase and toxic erucic acid and growth reducing factor in rice bran. So, it may be recommended that the commercial pelleted floating feed “fast red” is the best feed among the experimental feeds for growth and breeding performance of swordtail and the formulated feed may be used for further experiment after reducing fiber content, steaming rice bran and a soaking 0 treatment of mustard oil cake.Item IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON FISH PRODUCTION IN SYLHET DISTRICT(Dept. of Aquaculture, 2015-12) SHOBHO, SHUDIPTA AHMEDA study was conducted to assess the existing technologies used by the fish farmers and its impact on the fish production in Sylhet district from July, 2015 to December 2015. Three upazilas were selected as experimental sites for the study namely Sylhet sadar, South surma and Golapganj under Sylhet district. The data were collected using questionnaire interview and the data were analyzed using statistical method followed SPSS software. In this study, in terms of input such as cow-dung, urea, TSP, lime, rice barn and mustard oil cake, there is a highly significant difference (P≤0.05) between semi-intensive culture technology compared to extensive in the farmer level. In terms of cost item parameters such as fingerlings, feed, fertilizers, human labourers, harvesting and marketing and miscellaneous there is a highly significant difference (P≤0.05) between semi-intensive culture technology compared to extensive. This study reveals that there are highly significant differences for all cost item parameters between extensive and semiintensive technology except for land use cost (P≥0.05). In terms of production output, there is a highly significant difference (P≤0.05) between semi-intensive culture technology compared to extensive. The mean values of the parameter net profit for extensive and semi-intensive culture were 78330.00±19223.85 tk/ha/yr and 419470.00±368024.69 tk/ha/yr, respectively and there is a highly significant difference (P≤0.05) between semi-intensive culture technology compared to extensive. Therefore, we can assume that, semi-intensive technology has a highly positive impact on fish production as well as more profitable for aquaculture in Sylhet district. Necessary training on scientific fish culture and use of technologies, establishment of hatchery by GOs and NGOs to ensure quality fingerlings and massive extension work can mitigate the problem related to fish culture in the study area.Item STUDY ON DIFFERENT AQUACULTURE PRACTICES IN KISHOREGANJ DISTRICT AND ITS IMPACT ON FISH PRODUCTION(Dept. of Aquaculture, 2015-12) IMRAN, MOHAMMADThe present study was conducted to determine the status and practices of fish farming in a promising aquaculture area of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 180 farmers randomly, covering 9 Unions under Bajitpur Upazilla of Kishoreganj district for a period of five months from August 2015 to December 2015. Data are represented within the view of pie diagram, table form and bar diagram. The present study indicated that most of the farms were established within last ten years and half of the farm were established an agricultural land. Various chemicals and fertilizers were commonly used. The present study indicated that agriculture were the main income source for 56.67% farmers and aquaculture were income source for 30% farmers. Highest number of farm (46.67%) established within five years before and 66.67% of the farmers have their own pond. Twelve different fish species were found to be cultured in these farms. It was also found that 40% farmers used polyculture and 60% farmers used monoculture system. Water retention capacities in the study area were very good. Although there were some adverse socio-economic and environmental impacts, fish farming played an immense role in the increase of socioeconomic condition, opportunity for employment and poverty alleviation of large number of population. The farmers currently facing a number of constraints such as lack of good quality seed, poor loan facility, lack of capital, marketing and management problems. To improve the overall conditions of fish farmers, it is necessary to upgrade the existing fish farming practices through institutional initiatives.Item COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PROXIMATE COMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF SNAKEHEAD (Channa striatus, C. marulius and C. punctatus) FISHES(2015-12) ISLAM, MD. KAMRULThe present study was conducted on the proximate composition of Channa striatus, C. marulius and C. punctatus collected from local market in Sylhet. Samples of snakehead were analysied for protein, lipid, moisture and ash content. The average protein content (%) of C. striatus, C. marulius and C. punctatus were 18.047 ± 0.332%, 16.769 ± 0.561% and 17.295 ± 0.378%, respectively. The average lipid content (%) of the experimental fishes were 1.941 ± 0.198% 1.99 ± 0.128% and 1.912 ± 0.164 %, respectively. The average moisture content (%) of C. striatus, C. marulius and C. punctatus were 76.228 ± 0.877%, 78.309 ± 0.575% and 77.508 ± 0.514%, respectively. The average ash content (%) of C. striatus, C. marulius and C. punctatus were 1.922 ± 0.129%, 1.849 ± 0.166% and 1.892 ± 0.152%, respectively. Based on proximate analysis, the highest protein level was recorded in Channa striatus and the lowest ash and protein content were recorded in C. marulius. On the other hand C. marulius contains more moisture and lipid than C. striatus and C. punctatus but contains low amount of protein and ash. The results obtained in the present study confirmed an inverse relationship between the moisture and protein content. The result of present study indicates that snakehead contains more protein content but low fat content. Most of the people do not care about the nutritional value but fish is essential food to prevent from life threatening diseases. In Bangladesh there are so many indigenous fishes which are left for studying nutritional value. Therefore, further study has to be done for finding their nutritional value in time so that nutritionists can easily formulate the fish requirement for daily meal.Item EFFECT OF DIFFERENT COMPOSITION OF SWORDTAIL DIFFERENT FEEDS ON GROWTH AND BODY PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF SWORDTAIL FISH (Xiphophorus helleri BODY PROXIMATE Xiphophorus helleri)(Dept. of Aquaculture, 2015-12) SULTANA, RAKIBAThe present study investigated to know the effect of different feeds on growth and body proximate composition of swordtail fish (Xiphophorus helleri). Homogeneous groups of swordtail fish fry of 30 day old (0.05±0.001g; 1.68±0.016 cm) were fed different diet (formulated feed, mega feed, fast red feed), twice a day. The feeding experiment continued for a period of 100 day in Aquaculture laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University from 22 June to 30 September 2015. The experimental observation carried out at 20 day intervals. The growth performance and body proximate composition were observed in different treated groups. Results indicated that final weight (2.05±0.100g), final length (5.71±0.130cm), weight gain (2.00±0.107g), Percent Weight Gain (4013.33±2140%), average daily weight gain (0.02±0.001 g/day), PER (0.12±0.005) and survival rate (86.67±3%) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in T3 than T1 and T2. Specific growth rate (3.72%/day) and FCE (0.99±0.032) were significantly higher (P<0.01) in T3 than T1 and T2 treatment. Lipid percentage was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T1 (4.24±0.08%) than other treated groups. Percentage of protein and ash content (15.078±0.55 % and 4.69±0.48 % respectively) was significantly higher (P<0.01) in T1. Fiber content (3.047±0.18 %) was found highest in T3. The moisture percentage and NFE was not significantly (P>0.05) different among all the three treatments. All the water quality parameters under three treatments were in suitable range for culture throughout the study period. Formulated feed contained high level of lipid, glucosinolate, erucic acid and rice bran which depressed growth of swordtail fish. It can be recommended that if the lipid level is kept below or equal to 6%, a soaking treatment is given to mustard oilcake to remove the growth inhibitor glucosinolate, and autoclaving of rice bran to inactivate growth depressing factors, then the formulated feed may be a good one considering cost.Item EFFECT OF FEED AND FERTILIZER ON PRODUCTION OF MONOSEX TILAPIA (O. niloticus) FARMING IN POND(Dept. of Aquaculture, 2014-12) ISLAM, MD. MINHAJULEffect of feed and fertilizer on the growth of monosex tilapia in pond was studied for 3 months from August to November 2013 in Sylhet Agricultural University campus. The present experiment was done under 4 treatments (one was control T0). Each treatment had 3 replications. The size of each pond was 0.004ha and depth 1 m and stocking density 49400 (0.3 g each) per hectare. Fry of tilapia were initially fed at 50% of their body weight in T3. Then the feeding rate was gradually reduced up to 5% of body weight. Fish were fed twice a day. Fish of T2 was given 50% of the feed which was given to T3. Lime was administrated at a rate of 617.5 Kg per hectare in all the treatments. T1 and T2 were fertilized with cow dung, urea and triple super phosphate (TSP) initially at a rate of 1482 Kg, 49.4 Kg and 49.4 Kg per hectare respectively and subsequently at a rate of 370.5 kg, 9.88 kg and 9.88 kg weekly during the experimental period. Fish were sampled fortnightly by using small seine net for weight measurement and feeding rate and amount was adjusted. The significance level was assessed through one way ANOVA. Significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) was observed for growth indices such as final body weight, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate (SGR) and yield (kg/ha) among different treatments except T2 and T3 in case of SGR and survival rate. The highest survival rate of tilapia were 90% in T3 with a minimum in T0 (50%). Highest and lowest FCR value was 0.90±.06 and 0.79±.01 in T2 and T3 respectively. Specific growth rates of the experimental fish in different treatments were maximum (6.78±.015% per day) in T3 and minimum (4.38±0.02 % per day) in T0. Gross yield of tilapia calculated was highest in T3 (6.06±1.20 ton/ha) and lowest in T0 (0.39±0.14 ton/ha). The BCR was maximum in T3 (2.01) and minimum in T0 (0.20). The result reveals that T3 is the best monosex tilapia culture method in pond.Item FISH FARMING SYSTEM AND LIVELIHOOD STATUS OF FISH FARMERS IN SYLHET DISTRICT(Dept. of Aquaculture, 2014-12) RASHID, AMINURA study was carried out in Sylhet district from July 2013 to December 2013 where 60 farmers were interviewed on their farm site to identify the existing fish farming systems and livelihood status. The farmers were interviewed with a questionnaire and the data were analyzed using a statistical method following SPSS. Three type of farming viz. extensive, semi-intensive, integrated were observed and the average pond size was 0.10±0.05 ha, 0.24±0.21 ha and 0.17±.16 ha respectively. Carp polyculture and tilapia monoculture was dominated and the density of carp polyculture and tilapia monoculture was 4680.65±1189.91, 9022.76±1695.86, 7564.38±1805.80 no./ha/year and 38461.43±5855.02, 58971.25±5513.22, 57221.67±4532.07 no./ha/year in extensive, semi-intensive and integrated farming respectively. Extensive farming depends mainly on natural feed and irregular supply of different artificial feed. Semi-intensive and integrated farmers used commercial feed and the amount of feed for carp and tilapia were 3482.70±374.19 2733.47±643.19 and 12600.08±1540.18, 10133.18±1844.74 kg/ha/year in semi-intensive and integrated farming respectively. Fertilization of ponds were done by farmers in all system. The yield varied from different farming systems having highest in semi-intensive carp polyculture and tilapia monoculture and the production were 2406.59±399.17 and 11564.54±1856.56 kg/ha/year respectively. The feed cost occupied the highest position which was 351150 and 664000 BDT/ha/year in semi-intensive farming of carp and tilapia while the cost in integrated farming was 163800 and 405320 BDT/ha/year for carp and tilapia respectively. Different gross revenue were observed in different farming system as 181800 and 240000 BDT/ha/year in extensive, 744000 and 1156000 BDT/ha/year in semiintensive, and 678000 and 866000 BDT/ha/year in integrated farming of carps and tilapia respectively. The benefit cost ratio was higher in semi-intensive (2.12) and integrated farming (2.14) of carp polyculture compared to tilapia monoculture in semi-intensive (1.74) and integrated farming (1.50). Five livelihood assets were considered to understand the livelihood condition. In all farming systems middle aged farmers were found highest percentage 58.3%. About 45% consisting above 6 family members and 30%, 25% consisting 2-3, 4-5 members respectively. The highest illiterate farmers (40%) were extensive farmers and lowest in semi-intensive and integrated farming at 15% each. About 36.67% of the respondents had tinshed house, 18.33% had kacha, 31.67% had half-building and only 13.33% had Building. On average 13.33% farmers were used pucka toilets while 20% semi-intensive farmers and 15% integrated farmers used pucka toilet treated as good sanitation. Use of tube well water of extensive farmers observed lowest 65%, while the semi-intensive and integrated farmers observed 90% each. The percentage of extensive, semi-intensive, integrated farmers got treatment from upazila health complex was 45%, 55%, 50% respectively. Main constraints were inadequate supply of quality fingerlings (26.67%), high production cost (21.67%) and the lower quality (18.33%) of feed. The livelihood outcomes found positive and 76.67 farmers viewed that they have improved their socio-economic conditions. Necessary training on scientific fish culture, establishment of hatchery by GOs and NGOs to ensure quality fingerlings and massive extension work can mitigate the problem related to fish culture in the study area.Item EFFECT OF NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON PLANKTON COMMUNITY IN POND ENVIRONMENT(Dept. of Aquaculture, 2014-12) SINHA, RITAEffect of nutrient management on the plankton community in pond was studied for three months in Sylhet Agricultural University campus, Sylhet. Twelve ponds were selected for four treatments with three replications; T0 was control treatment without any feed and fertilizer, T1 was treated with only fertilizer (cowdung-370.5 kg, urea 9.88 kg, TSP 9.88 kg per hectare), T2 was treated with fertilizer and feed (cowdung-370.5 kg, urea 9.88 kg, TSP 9.88 kg per hectare and half feed -twice daily) and T3 was treated with only feed (twice daily). Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry was stocked in all treatments and fed initially at 50% of their body weight on T3. Then it was gradually reduced up to 5% of body weight at the end of the study. Feed application rate in treatment T2 was half the amount of feed given in the treatment T3; fertilization was done weekly in treatment T1 and T2. Four groups of phytoplankton viz. Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Euglenophyceae and four groups of zooplankton viz. Rotifera, Copepoda, Cladocera and Crustacea were recorded in the present study. Chlorophyceae and Rotifera were found to be the most dominant groups of phytoplankton and zooplankton respectively. The mean abundance of both phytoplankton and zooplankton were found to show significant difference (P<0.05) among the treatments especially between T2 and T0. The recorded mean abundance (×10³ cells/l) of plankton was highest in treatment T2 (77) followed by T1 (55.71), T3 (41.76) and T0 (16.88). Fortnightly monitoring of selected physico-chemical parameters viz. temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and transparency were carried out in all ponds and the recorded values were within the productive range. The study revealed that the control treatment (without feed and fertilizer) was not good for plankton on the contrary the application of both fertilizers and feed was better for the growth of plankton population in pond environment, which is ultimately beneficial for aquaculture. It may be recommended that application of fertilizer and supplemental feed is the best management technique of fish culture for fish farmer in general.Item Macroscopic and Microscopic Characteristics of Ovarian Status of Female Veda Fish (Nandus nandus)(Dept. of Aquaculture, 2014-12) DAS, SHISHIRDevelopmental changes in the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the ovarian status of female Veda, Nandus nandus were examined from the wild stock at Kawadighi haor over the 12 months period. Ovarian development status was assessed macroscopically and microscopically and histological analysis was used to establish the stages of oocyte development in a single ovary. Macroscopically, four development stages of oocytes were identified as immature, initial maturation, intermediate maturation and mature stages. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) gradually increased from January to July and reached a maximum value in September (11.22±0.68). The lowest GSI (%) value was observed in November (1.19±0.20). Vertical and horizontal ovipositor diameter displayed a positive relationship with ovary weight where R 2 2 = 0.557 and R = 0.734 respectively. The highest value of horizontal and vertical ovipositor diameter were 0.32 mm and 0.41 mm respectively in September. The highest hepatosomatic index (HSI) was observed in May (2.42±0.63) and lowest value was observed in October (1.07±0.23). The viscerasomatic index (VSI) did not follow any trend and fluctuated over the study period in which the highest value was found in January (5.45±2.93) as well as the lowest value was observed in October (1.86±0.12). The fish length and fish weight also showed strong positive relationship (R 2 0.925) indicating that the total length increased significantly with the increase of the total weight. The absolute fecundity was found to be 26536±5672 where the fish weight and fish length were 43.54±12.52 gm and 13.42±1.37 cm respectively. In the histological analysis of ovarian oocytes, more than two different development stages of oocytes co-existed in a single ovary indicated that N. nandus possesses a group asynchronous ovaries this means that the fish could spawn several times in a spawning season. The peak reproductive season of N. nandus may in August to September in wild condition based on the macroscopic and microscopic observation of ovaries. This study may contribute towards developing strategies for broodstock management in hatcheries as well as conservation and protection for sustainable aquaculture practice in haor based fisheries.