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Item OPTIMIZING PLANTING GEOMETRY FERTILIZER AND IRRIGATION FOR WHITE MAIZE IN DIFFERENT AGROCLIMATIC REGIONS OF BANGLADESH(DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY, 2018) BISWAS, MD. MAHIRUL ISLAMTen field trials were conducted at three different locations, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU) of Dhaka, Dhamrai Upazilla, Dhaka and Rangpur Sadar Upazilla, Rangpur to evaluate the performance of seven white maize hybrids (PSC-121, KS-510, Changnuo-1, QXiangnuo-1, Changnuo-6, Yangnuo-7 and Yangnuo-30) under different planting geometries using row to row and plant to plant distance (row to row 50 -70 cm and plant to plant 20-25 cm) for three consecutive rabi seasons of 2015-16 through 2017-18 in Bangladesh. In experiment 1 at SAU, the Changnuo-6 out yielded other varieties when sown at 60cm x 25 cm spacing (8.77 t ha -1 ). In second, third and fourth experiment at SAU, Dhamrai and Rangpur in rabi 2015-16 PSC-121 gave significantly the highest seed yield in all the locations (7.37 - 9.63 t ha ) when planted at 50cm x 25cm spacing. Fifth, sixth and seventh experiments were set at SAU, Dhamrai and Rangpur during the rabi season of 2016-17 using PSC-121 where 50cm x 20cm, 50cm x 25cm and 60cm x 20 cm giving significantly higher yields (9.99-13.87 t ha vi -1 ). Eighth experiment was set at SAU in the rabi season of 2016-17 to evaluate four varieties under four different irrigation regimes (25+75, 25+50+75, 25+50+75+100 DAS and ‘when required’) where PSC121 showed higher seed yields both with four or ‘when required’ irrigation treatments (10.50 - 11.20 t ha -1 ). Ninth experiment was set also at SAU in the same rabi season of 2016-17 to evaluate different varieties under four different fertilizer levels (Recommended, half of the recommended, 25% more than recommended and 25% less than the recommended) where variety PSC-121, Yangnuo-30 and Changnuo-1 gave significantly higher seed yields (13.9614.84 t ha -1 ) with the applied fertilizer dose of 25% more than recommended. Tenth experiment was set also at SAU in third year rabi season of 2017-18 to evaluate four planting geometries using the variety PSC-121 under two different fertilizer levels (Recommended and 25% more than recommended) where the spacing 50cm x 20cm, 50cm x 25cm and 60cm x 20cm gave significantly higher seed yields (10.93 -11.08 t ha -1 ) with the applied fertilizer dose of 25% more than recommended. It was observed that the grain yield followed the number of grains per ear, 100 grain weight and population density. So, it may be concluded that at all the locations the variety PSC-121 can be grown at 60cm x 20cm planting geometry using the fertilizer dose 25% more than the recommended and four irrigations at 25 DAS+50 DAS +75 DAS+100 DAS. However, to validate the findings, the study may be repeated in all the agro-climatic zones of Bangladesh.Item INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF FERTILIZERS AND GREEN MANURES IN TRANSPLANT AMAN RICE(DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY, 2018) NASRIN, ZINATConsecutive three years (2014, 2015 and 2016, each July to December) field experiments on transplant aman rice cv. BR11 under different levels of chemical fertilizers and green manures (Dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) and Mimosa invisa) were conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. Crop growth dynamics, yield attributes and yields, soil fertility status, grain and straw quality were evaluated against the response of aman rice to the treatment variables. The treatments comprised two factors e.g. factor A: level of fertilizers (0, 50, 75 and 100% of recommended dose of fertilizer (RFD)) and factor B: levels of green manures management (0, 5 and 10 t ha -1 , incorporated 1 and 15 days before transplanting) and USG were tested. The experiments were carried out following split plot design with three replications. Recommended dose of fertilizer N = 83 kg ha xl -1 , P = 20.96 kg ha -1 , K = 36.52 kg ha , S = 11 kg ha -1 , Zn = 1.5 kg ha -1 were applied in the form of Urea, Triple Super Phosphate (TSP), Muriate of Potash (MoP), gypsum and Zinc sulfate, respectively. Sixty-day dhaincha and Mimosa invisa were in - vitro incorporated before aman transplantation. Results of three consecutive years revealed that combination treatment 75% RFD along with Mimosa invisa @ 10 t ha -1 proved to be best respectively in producing maximum plant height (119.2, 110.3, 109.4 cm), effective tillers m -2 (468.3, 478.3, 451.0), LAI (8.72, 9.25, 8.34; at 75 DAT), LAD (60.83, 47.53, 25.50), AGDM (2221.0, 1893.0, 1873.0 g m -2 ), filled grains panicle -1 (251.5, 262.2, 228.8), translocation percentage (70.88, 70.79, 70.49%), grain yield (7.25, 8.57,5.59 t ha -1 ) and harvest index (46.55, 49.45, 41.72%) respectively in comparing to the other treatment combinations. On the other hand, three year, average minimum grain yield (4.55 t ha -1 ) was obtained without green manuring treatments and that was about 57% lower than the maximum (7.14 t ha -1 ) obtained from 75% RFD with 10 t ha -1 Mimosa invisa. On an average, quality of grain was increased markedly in respect of amylose (8.99%), CHO (1.65%), protein (9.46%), phosphorus (7.72%) and potassium (3.55%); and also that of straw nitrogen (44.58%), phosphorus (20.12%), potassium (4.72%) and sulfur (17.65%) due to 75% RFD with 10 t ha -1 Mimosa invisa. Furthermore the treatment developed soil nutrient status in respect of OM (79.66%), N (71.43%), S (43.77%), and Zn (42.69%) over soils without incorporations of green manures. Finally irrespective of years differences, economic analyses showed treatment 75% RFD with 10 t ha -1 Mimosa invisa had greater BCR (1.77) over farmer practice (1.29) when they used only 100% RFD. It may be concluded that incorporation of Mimosa invisa @ 10 t ha -1 in the soil 15 days before transplanting along with 75% RFD can be considered as a good agricultural practice for improvement of grain yield, grain and straw quality of transplant aman rice and soil nutrient status when 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer is a great realization.Item PERFORMANCE OF AUS RICE VARIETIES WITH SUPPLEMENTAL IRRIGATION, FERTILIZER AND WEED MANAGEMENTS(DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY, 2018) BASHER, MD. MAINULField experiments were initiated in the month of April and ending in August through the year 2015 to 2017 at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University. In Experiment-I, twelve Aus rice varieties BR-3, BR-14, BR-16, BRRI dhan27, BRRI dhan42, BRRI dhan48, BRRI dhan55, BRRI dhan65, China (Muladi local), Kali Shait-ta (Muladi local), Benamuri (Muladi local) and Abdul Hye (Jhalkathi local) were tested under two irrigation regimes (with and without irrigation). Results showed significantly higher grain yield (4.22 t ha ii -1 ) under irrigated as compared to that of the non-irrigated one (3.90 t ha -1 ). Out of twelve, the local varieties yielded 27% lower (2.90-3.61 with an average of 3.26 t ha ) than the modern varieties (3.85-5.22, average 4.46 t ha -1 ). Experiment-II was conducted with two regimes of irrigation (with and without) and four varieties (BRRI dhan14, BRRI dhan48, BRRI dhan55 and BRRI dhan65) found outstanding in first experiment. Results revealed that the irrigated crop produced the higher grain yield (5.17 t ha -1 ), while the non-irrigated ones (4.44 t ha -1 ). Across the varieties, BRRI dhan14, BRRI dhan48 and BRRI dhan55 out yielded (4.95-5.30 t ha ). But the combined effect of varieties BRRI dhan14 and BRRI dhan48 with irrigation gave significantly higher grain yield (5.63 and 5.69 t ha -1 ). In the Experiment-III, three levels of fertilizer (recommended, 20% higher the recommended and 20% lower than recommended) and four varieties (BRRI dhan14, BRRI dhan48, BRRI dhan55 and BRRI dhan65) were tested. The recommended and higher dose contributed the significantly higher grain yield (5.23 and 4.95 t ha ). Among the varieties, BRRI dhan14, BRRI dhan48 and BRRI dhan55 yielded significantly higher (5.01-5.40 t ha -1 ). In Experiment-IV, four varieties (BRRI dhan14, BRRI dhan48, BRRI dhan55 and BRRI dhan65) were subjected to two weeding treatments (un-weeded and hand weeded) and results showed that the weeded crop had significantly higher grain yield (5.18 t ha -1 ) compared to the unweeded one (4.66 t ha -1 ). Under weeded condition, the variety BRRI dhan48 produced much higher grain yield (5.73 t ha -1 ) compared with those of other varieties. In the Experiment-V, BRRI dhan48 was grown under two irrigation regimes (with or without supplemental irrigation), two fertilizer doses (recommended and 20% higher the recommended) and three weeding methods (hand weeding, preemergence herbicide and weeding by BRRI hand weeder). Combination of irrigation, recommended fertilizer and weeding by pre-emergence herbicide showed the highest grain yield (5.79 t ha -1 ) of the varietyItem GENOTYPE AND PLANTING DATE EFFECTS ON PHENOLOGY, GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHITE MAIZE(DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY, 2018) AKHTAR, SHAHRINAThree experiments were conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University in Rabi and Kharif-I seasons of 2016-2017, 2017-2018 and 2017to study the effects of planting date on the phenology, growth and yield of four genotypes of white maize viz., PSC 121, Yangnuo-30, Changnau-6 and Youngnau-7. The planting dates were, November 25, December 10 and December 25 in Rabi and May 29, June 21 and July 7 in Kharif-I. A delay in planting delayed the time required for seedling emergence and to reach the 6-leaf collar, tasseling, silking and maturity stages, and reduced yield of the maize genotypes in both seasons. The recorded maximum time for seedling emergence after planting was 9.67 d for Yungnuo-30 in Kharif-I, 2017 and 5 d for PSC-121 in Rabi 2017 season when the planting time was delayed by 30d. The genotype PSC-121 took 43.67 d to reach the 6-leaf collar stage in Rabi 2017 season when plantingwas done on December 26, i.e., delayed by 30 d from November 25 where as Yangnuo-7 took only 30 d with the optimum planting date of November 25. In respect of the time to reach the tasseling stage, PSC-121 needed 69.33 d in Rabi 2016 when planting was delayed, but Yangnuo-7 needed a shorter time to reach the tasseling stages. With delayed planting, PSC-121 needed a long period of 81.33 d to reach the silking stage. Likewise, delayed planting substantially delayed maturity. The genotype PSC-121 took the maximum time, 141.33 d, to mature in the Rabi season due to delayed planting, where as the time needed for maturity was minimum, 111 d (Yangnuo-7) when planting was done at the optimum time, i.e., November 25. The genotype PSC-121, when planted at the optimum time, had the highest leaf area, greater than 0.80 m 2 plant -1 in the first Rabi season. However, the genotypeplanting date interaction effect on LAI was not consistent. The crop growth rate (CGR) was the highest, 23.32, between 90 days after planting (DAS) and maturity, for November 25 sown PSC121. The same combination (PSC-121 x November 25 planting) showed the highest relative growth rate (RGR) of 0.06 and the highest net assimilation rate (NAR) of 0.003 at 45-60 DAS. The November 25-planting-PSC-121 combination was also found to be superior in terms of stover production (113 and 124 g plant in Rabi and kharif, respectively) and ear weight (156, 108 and 154 g plant vii -1 , respectively, in first Rabi, kharif and second Rabi). Planting at the optimum time in Rabi (November 25) gave the highest dry matter plant -1 (207-278g plant -1 ) in PSC-121. The November 25 planting x PSC-121 combination gave the best results in terms of the yield contributing characters, 100 seed weight (32g), grain number plant -1 (249-322) and grain weight plant (95-160g). Consequently, the highest seed yield was obtained with November 25 sown PSC-121 (9.982-10.770 t ha -1 ). Planting date was of critical importance in maize yield. For example, the highest yield of 11.46 t ha -1 (PSC-121) in the Rabi season was achieved when planting was done on November 25, and in general, the earlier the planting the higher was the yield irrespective of genotype. The total growing degree days (GDD) was less in PSC-121 (1747.05 and 1727.50) than that in Yangnuo-7 (1915.20 and 1905.60) with the first date of planting. There was a negative correlation between temperature and yield. On an average, the seed yield in the Rabi season was 9.852 tha , while in the Kharif season it was 6.070 tha -1 . Thus, there was a 38% lower yield in the warm Kharif season than that in the cool Rabi season. Overall, planting PSC-121 early on in the Rabi season would be the appropriate practice in the cultivation of white maize in Bangladesh. However, these results need to be fine-tuned through further experimentation in different maize growing areas of the country.Item RESPONSE OF CLIMATE RESILIENT WHEAT VARIETIES UNDER VARYING SOWING DATES IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN APPLICATION(DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY, 2018) RAHMAN, MD. MASHIURField experiments were conducted where four at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka and the rest one at at Shahpur, Charghat, Rajshahi to identify climate change resilient heat tolerant varieties, suitable sowing dates, irrigation regimes and application of supplemental N of wheat during two rabi seasons. The first experiment conducted in 2014-15 rabi season consisted of two varieties (V = BARI Gom 21,V 2 =BARI Gom 23) four sowing dates (S 1 = 10 November, S = 20 November, S 3 = 30 November, S = 10 December). The second experiment implemented in 2014-15 rabi season with variety BARI Gom 26 comprised three irrigation levels (I 1 = field capacity, I 4 2 = of the field capacity and I of the field capacity), four sowing dates (S 1 =10 November, S 2 3 = =20 November, S =30 November and S =10 December) and two top dressing of nitrogen at the reproductive stage (N 4 1 = no nitrogen application, N =20% N of the basal as top dressing). Third experiment carried out in 2014-15 rabi season with BARI Gom 25 focused on four sowing dates (S 1 =10 November, S 2 2 = 20 November, S = 30 November and S 4 =10 December), three irrigation levels (I =Irrigation at heading stage, I 2 =Irrigation after 10 days of I 1, I 3 1 =Irrigation after 10 days of I ) and two supplemental N application at the post heading stage (N 0 2 = no supplemental N application and N =application of 20% supplemental N). The fourth and fifth experiments were implemented during rabi 2016-17 season at SAU and Rajshahi, respectively to examine phenology, chlorophyll, canopy temperature, growth and yield as influenced by sowing dates (S 1 1 = November 20, S 2 = November 30, S 3 3 = Dec 10, S = Dec 20, S 5 = Dec 30) and varieties (V 1 = BARI Gom 25,V 2 = BARI Gom 26, V = BARI Gom 27, V 4 = BARI Gom 28, V 5 = BARI Gom 29, V = BARI Gom 30). In experiment 1 significantly, the highest seed yields (4.23 - 4.27 t ha 6 -1 ) were obtained with variety BARI Gom 23 when sown on November 10 and November 20. In experiment 2 significantly the highest grain yields (3.2 to 4.3 t ha -1 ) were obtained with November 10 and November 30 sowing treatments. Irrigation keeping the soil at field capacity level showed significantly highest grain yield (3.95 t ha -1 ). In this experiment the combination treatment I 1 S 2 N 2 had the highest grain yield (4.81 t ha ) which was significantly different than other combination treatments. This was attributed to the significantly higher number of grain spike -1 (50.83) and 1000 seed weight (50.57 g) of the treatment I 1 S 2 N 2 compared to the lowest grain spike -1 3 -1 2 4 (46.83), 1000 seed weight 3 1 (48.90 g) when irrigated at 25% water of the field capacity . In experiment 3 November20 sowing gave the highest grain yield. Irrigation application at 10 days after heading produced the highest grain yield (3.9 t ha vii -1 ) which was at par with irrigation at heading. The higher grain yield was attributed to the higher values of grains spike -1 (43.63) and 1000 seed weight (53.90 g). The combined effect of sowing date and irrigation showed that November 20 sowing with giving irrigation either at heading or 10 days after heading had significantly the highest grain yield (4.81 t ha ). An extra irrigation 10 days after heading and supplying supplemental 20% N at post heading stage in experiment 3 had seed yields (4.6-4.81 t ha ) which was significantly higher than the lowest grain yield of November 10 sowing (3.3 t ha ) under the above conditions. The November 20 sowing with extra N application had higher grain yield (4.47 t ha -1 ). Again the combination treatments I had significantly higher seed yields (4.480 and 4.600 tha -1 respectively) than other combined treatments. In Rajshahi (in experiment 4), the sowing date treatment November 30 and December 10 gave significantly higher grain yields (at or over 3.52 t/ha). While in experiment five the varieties BARI Gom 28 and BARI Gom 30 at SAU had significantly higher but identical seed yields (3.72 to 3.81 t ha -1 ). The correlation analysis using the data of yield and yield attributes of the experiment 2 and 3 at SAU, showed that higher correlations of grain yield were found with the number of spikelet spike -1 (r=0.820 - 0.814), 1000 seed weight (0.806-0.819), biological yield (r=0.802-0.912) and harvest index (r=0.802-0.912). The linear as well as polynomial regression showed that the higher temperature at the vegetative stage had positive impact on grain weight/plant and grain yield ha -1 1 (slope+6 to 2086, R =0.120 to 0.957), while at the anthesis to maturity, values of most grain yield and yield attributes decreased due the increase in ambient temperatures. The grain yield was higher at minimum and average temperature not above 15.5 and 22.5°C, respectively (R 2 =0.922-0.992). The polygonal regression also revealed that for obtaining the maximum yield/ha, the maximum temperature should not be above 25.5°C before anthesis while the maximum, minimum and average temperature after anthesis should not be beyond 29.5, 15.5 and 22.5°C, respectively.Item IMPROVING YIELD AND FIBRE QUALITY OF NEW COTTON VARIETIES THROUGH FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT AND SPACING(DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY, 2018) SLAM, MD. MOMINULThe research study comprising five experiments were carried out at Cotton Research, Training and Seed Multiplication Farm, Sreepur, Gazipur during the cotton growing season (July – February) of 2015 - 2016, 2016 - 2017 and 2017 – 2018 with a view to investigate the yield and fiber quality improvement of newly released three inbred cotton varieties (CB-13, CB14,and CB-12} by using different levels of fertilizer and plant spacing. The results revealed that, the variety CB-14 was found superior among the tested three varieties in respect of producing maximum bolls plant -1 , single boll weight, seed cotton yield, staple length and staple strength, and lowest micronaire value in all the years. Improving cotton yield and fibre quality through fertilizer management, was observed that yield and fibre quality decreased under excessive higher fertilizer doses in experiment 3. Maximum number of bolls plant (22.99), single boll weight (5.45 g), seed cotton yield (2891 kg ha -1 ) and minimum micronaire value (4.21 µg/inch) were recorded when the crops were grown using 75% higher dose of fertilizer than recommendated dose of fertilizer (RDF) in experiment 5 but in the case of fibre quality, 50 % higher dose than RDF produced maximum staple length (30.98 mm) and uniformity ratio (84.72 %) were recorded in experiment 5. It was also observed that yield contributing characters and fibre quality attributes increased with the wider spacing except the seed cotton yield, where higher seed cotton yield 3414 and 3325 kg ha -1 , respectively were observed with intermediate spacings of 60 × 30 cm and 75 × 30 cm found in experiment 4. Higher doses of fertilizer with closer spacing 45 × 30 cm preformed the highest seed cotton yield (3099 kg ha -1 ) observed in experiment 5. Maximum seed cotton yield, gross margin and benefit cost ratio were recorded with 75% higher than RDF × (45× 30 cm) spacing in all the tested varieties. For economic point of view, it can be concluded that 75% higher dose than RDF and the 45 × 30 cm spacing was found more profitable for all the cotton varieties under study..