2016
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Item Utilization of Steel Slag in Concrete(IUT, CEE, 2016-11-20) Ealhi, Arhab; Ahmed, Muntasir; Mazumder, Majedul HasanItem Utilization of Ladle Refined Furnace Slag and Sand Dust as Partial Replacement of Cement(IUT, CEE, 2016-11-20) Nipu, Md. Aminul Haque; Islam, S M Raihanul; Hasan, MahadiItem Sustainable Solid Waste Management Through 3R Strategy in Gazipur City Corporation(IUT, CEE, 2016-11-20) Shishir, Abdullah Rumi; Islam, PromiGeneration of huge amount of solid waste and its mismanagement has become one of the major concerned social and environmental issues in both urban and rural areas. Although municipal authorities are concerned about the importance of solid waste collection and disposal and recycling but it is difficult to deal effectively with the growing amount of solid waste generated with the increase of population. Therefore, solid waste is dumped on roads and into open drains which leading to serious health risk and degradation of living environment for millions of urban people. With the advance of time special consideration for municipal solid waste is being required. In urban areas, the most adverse impact of solid waste is incidence and prevalence of various diseases. In Dhaka, malaria, respiratory problems, eye and skin diseases are the worst impacts. Moreover, contamination of ground water and air also leads to such adverse health impacts. On the other hand, solid waste blocks the drainage system and creates flooding in the streets leading towards mosquitoes, bad odor, and inconvenience. Dhaka with its geographical and climatic conditions is prone to flooding; hence, solid waste in the streets and drains multiplies the health impacts and miseries. Most of the child mortality could be related with this problem, as contaminated ground water and malaria are the major causes for this mortality. Gazipur is the largest city corporation of Bangladesh. The area of this city corporation is about 329.53 square kilometer and its population is about 2500000. To conduct our study Gazipur was divided into 5 zones. Wastes were collected from each zone for two seasons- dry and wet to determine seasonal comparisons. From each zone sample wastes were collected thrice. Household wastes are primary sample source. Then from a secondary and final dumping site sample wastes were collected. The main objectives of this study were to determine waste generation rate (per capita per day) and to determine the composition waste composition in houses, secondary dumping site and final dumping site, amount of the waste that can be reduced and the possible amount of economic benefits that can be achieved through adopting 3R policy. Then suggestion for some environmental management initiatives so that a sustainable waste management system can be achieved. A questionnaire survey was done during the collection of household wastes. From the survey information gathered from the people were about socio economic level, existing and preferable waste collection system, generation rate. After the survey was done wastes from all sources were collected and dried in sun for 24 hours separately after drying for 24-hours wastes was sorted into various components according to physical properties. Then percentages of mass of each component were determined. From the dry sample moisture content of waste and composition analysis were prepared. From our study it has been determined that waste generation rate for the Gazipur City Corporation was 0.323 kg/capita/day depending on season and socio economic level whereas the national waste generation rate for the urban area is 0.41 kg/capita/day (Source: Waste Survey 2005) . In dry season waste generation rate is little lesser than wet season due to production of more food in wet season. Again high socio economic people generate more wastes than low xi socio economic people. Another major finding from our study is that Food and vegetable waste i.e. organic waste is the predominant component in each sampling source. Non organic recyclable components are mainly paper and plastic and others include wood, leather, glass, metal, polythene, bricks and their range by mass varies between 25% and 35% in each source. Our study recommends that mass and volume of recyclable components are key factor in developing a healthy and economical waste management system. Recyclable wastes should be separated and only organic and non-recyclable inorganic wastes should be brought to final dumping site. Recycling at the same time can reduce landfill required to dump and produce resource. Only non-recyclable inorganic components should be dumped in earth and other organic wastes should be used for compost manufacturing. As Gazipur is a large and densely populated city corporation, feasible and healthy management system is an obvious to employ as soon as possible. During our study another fact that was revealed is that administrational and financial framework for managing wastes in this area is inadequate and inconsistence due to new establishment of this city corporation.Item Social Media and Crowd Sourcing to Evaluate and Compare Priorities and Preferences for Sustainable Transportation System(IUT, CEE, 2016-11-20) Anik, Md. Asif HasanTo ensure that decisions are made reflecting public needs, public participation has become an indispensable part of transportation planning process. Social media and crowd sourcing are gaining popularity day by day to interact and engage with the general public in various sectors. Though this approach has high potential, its application has been so far been quite limited in the field of transportation planning. This research aims to evaluate the possibility to conduct public participation through the use of crowd sourcing and social media in transportation planning. For this, it uses social media to engage with general people to identify their views on sustainable transportation system. Based on this, it designs an online questionnaire survey to ascertain and prioritize various aspects of sustainable modes of transport, e.g., walking, cycling and public transport environment through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The questionnaire was spread through social media. A total of 80 general public and 10 transport experts responded to the questionnaire. Through this, the study identifies and compares the perception of general road users and transportation experts regarding sustainable transportation. The outcome suggests that both the groups put highest priority for public transport followed by walking and bicycling. However, the survey responses show variations between general public and expert’s opinions in prioritizing components of these modes of transport. Based on the survey, according to general public, for a developed public transport special facilities for women and children, monitoring devices for surveillance purpose must be provided in the transport while the transportation experts thought is to give the behavior of transport operators and neatness of transport the highest priority. To achieve a positive sidewalk environment the general road users think provision of street amenities like toilets and dustbins, prohibiting hawkers on footpath should be given highest priority while experts have given provision of evening lights and seating facilities at bus stations highest importance. In case of bicycling, both the general road users and experts prioritized provision of separate crossing system for cyclists, speed monitoring system and evening lights on roads as the most important necessities for achieving a proper bicycling environment. This information is expected to be highly beneficial for both the academicians and practitioners from relevant backgrounds.Item Evaluating Reliability, Resiliency and Vulnerability of Urban Expressway(IUT, CEE, 2016-11-20) Zawad, Md. NabilThe trend of increasing transportation demand with limited road network needs an exploration of evaluating performance of a transportation system. A transport network is a place where various interactive situations occur that arise complexity in a system. In such a system, urban expressways play an important role by reducing some of the variability associated with travel time by directly connecting major attraction and production zones. However, they are expensive and thus, limited in number and with sparse space to accommodate a high proportion of transport vehicles, some questions may arise that how often an urban expressway may fail, how quickly it recovers from the unstable states and how severe the consequences of failure of that system may be. Although there have been some research on estimating the vulnerability of transportation networks, the effort to evaluate the reliability, resilience and vulnerability (R-R-V) of an urban expressway in isolation has not been explored. This study presents an analogy between urban expressways and water stream and applies the popular methods used in water resource engineering to evaluate the R-R-V of urban expressways. For this, it selects Shibuya 3 route of Tokyo Metropolitan Expressways Company Limited as study area, which is heavily instrumented with detectors with an almost uniform spacing of 250 meters. . Six month data on traffic flow variables, e.g., speed, flow and occupancy for every minute for every detector location, along with road crash data were collected. R-R-V were calculated by comparing the quality of traffic stream density with the jam density of the respective location where any density below jam density was identified as satisfactory operational condition. R-R-V provides one of the most comprehensive approaches for analysing the probability of success or failure of a system, the rate of recovery of a system and to quantify the expected consequence of being in unsatisfactory states. The result from reliability heat map, resiliency and vulnerability curve advocates that there is high sensitivity (chances of system failure) in on-ramp, off-ramp zones of the route network. Due to congestion and crashes, system recovery rate is very much lower in connectors as it hampers traffic flow in both ways. These findings can be valuable in the evaluation and selection of alternative design and operating policies for a wide variety of transportation system performance with a variety of operating policies.Item Development and Application of Accident Prediction Model for Intersections at Dhaka City(IUT, CEE, 2016-11-20) Rihan, Shahriar Mohammad; Abrar, Fahim; Touhiduzzaman, Shah MostofaPedestrians are some of the most vulnerable road users, especially in large congested cities in developing countries. Commencing with the data that every year more than 1.3 million people die in road accidents around the world (Building Leaders in Urban Transport Planning, LUTP, 2012). So, this indicates that the major mortality rate is procured by the road accidents no question asked. Not only in USA or any other developed countries of the world, but also in developing country like Bangladesh, with regard to safety, the pedestrians are of major concern as they represent up to 72 percent of road traffic fatalities in Dhaka Metropolitan City (Rahman et al., 2006). So, it can be stated that pedestrian safety is not only a problem in global range, but also acute in developing country like Bangladesh. In order to develop appropriate countermeasures to improve safety, research has to be conducted to understand the factors contributing to vehicle-pedestrian collisions. This study is especially designed to predict accident probability only for pedestrian-vehicle crashes at intersections as accurate as possible. The statistical model developed in this study are focused in predicting traffic accidents at four-legged signalized and tee or three legged intersections. For data analyzing and modeling of the pedestrian-vehicle crashes at intersection, at first annual crash data were collected from 1998-2009 from ARI (Accident Research Institute), BUET. There is a total of 54 intersection’s data were available and we worked on 45 selected intersections. After getting all the data analyzed by the statistical software, a projected equation is possible to make with the help of the critical and significant factors to get accident prediction for accident forecasting at any particular intersection. Using data from the capital of Bangladesh, Dhaka, this study finds that waste deposit facilities, overhead bridges and underpasses, solar panel system, law enforcement authority and vehicle volume are associated with an increase in the number of vehicle-pedestrian crashes, whereas roads with the rail crossings, similar approach road, commercial land uses, maximum number of inbound and outbound lanes, roads with greater number of lanes, absence of bus stop, speed breakers and pedestrian volume are associated with a reduction in the number of vehicle-pedestrian crashes.Item Correlation of Soil Parameters and Bearing Capacity Analysis of Piled Raft Foundation for Dhaka - Chittagong Elevated Expressway(IUT, CEE, 2016-11-20) Asik, Tansir Zaman; Matin, Sakif Ibna; Rahman, MashukDetermination of soil parameters is one of the important tasks in geotechnical engineering. Sometimes, in many projects only basic soil parameters such as index properties of soils are determined through laboratory tests. In such cases, correlations of soil parameters available in literature are used in getting the other necessary soil parameters. In many soils, parameters determined by using available correlations significantly differ from the test results. In this research the validity of the correlations of soil parameters available in literature has been checked for the ground where Dhaka-Chittagong expressway will be constructed. Here, the correlation of compression index (Cc) which is an important soil parameter for clayey soils is taken into consideration. There are many empirical formulae that relate compression index to other soil parameters such as void ratio (e0), liquid limit (LL), natural water content (wn) and many others. Several different tests have been carried out to determine compression index (Cc), void ratio (e0), liquid limit (LL), and natural water content (wn). It is found the available correlations of the compression index cannot properly express the test results for the ground investigated in this research. Therefore, three correlations for soil parameters relating compression index and liquid limit, compression index and void ratio, compression index and natural water content have been proposed in this study. Elastoplastic constitutive model parameter identification is an important task for proper modeling of any soil. In this research, subsoil characteristics of study locations are presented based on field and laboratory test results. Elasto-plastic constitutive model parameters of study locations soil has been determined for extended sub-loading tij model. Using these parameters, bearing capacity of piled raft has been estimated for 0.05% settlement of soil section. Considering the effect of settlement in 2D Finite Element analysis have been conducted. It is found that bearing capacity determined by the conventional methods match well with the results of the numerical simulations.Item ASSESSING THE SUSTAINABILITY ATTRIBUTES OF ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (IUT) CAMPUS(IUT, CEE, 2016-11-20) Shahriar, GalibThis investigation was carried out to assess the sustainability attributes of IUT campus. The main objective was to find out the scopes of improvement after the assessment is finished. From the investigation it has been found that the campus of IUT, which represents the lion‘s share of the campuses in Bangladesh, is far from the best possible condition in terms of sustainability. There is still a long way to go for the university campuses of Bangladesh. This investigation is important because the world‘s environment is degrading day by day and it cannot be changed or the adverse impacts cannot be reduced overnight. Creating a sustainable campus may be the trigger point towards a sustainable environment. Also what the students, faculties and staffs can do for creating a sustainable campus is stated in this thesis.Item Analysis of Three Phase Traffic Flow Theory under Pre-Crash Condition(IUT, CEE, 2016-11-20) Huda, Kazi TahsinRoad crashes are a major concern for people of different backgrounds. Like other professionals, transportation engineers have given higher priority to this. Earlier crash prevention involved the identification of crash hotspots and then implementation of safety measures like providing appropriate speed limits, improving physical conditions, etc. Another aspect of crash prevention is the development of crash prediction models which help in evaluating the crash risk of future roads as well as identify hotspots alongside their underlying relationships with road geometry, aggregated traffic characteristics, weather and environment, etc. Statistical or artificial intelligence based methods are used to identify the likelihood of crashes in these models. These models can be static, i.e., using largely aggregated traffic data, or real-time data, which uses traffic data for short time window. Apart from predicting crash probability, the real-time crash prediction models have also been used to understand crash mechanism. These models separate the traffic conditions into normal traffic which is associated with traffic conditions when crashes do not take place, and pre-crash conditions, i.e., traffic conditions just before a crash. Some studies have evaluated two phase traffic flow theory with pre-crash traffic data. However, no investigations were done in order to investigate the variations of three phase traffic flow theory under pre-crash conditions. This research investigates how variables of the three phase theory behave under pre-crash conditions. This study specifically focuses on the wide moving jam phase. It has been previously established that the downstream jam velocity of the wide moving jam is within 10km/h to 18 km/h. Shibuya-3 of the Tokyo Metropolitan Expressway is chosen as study area for its dense and uniform spatial distribution of detectors. The data has been used to estimate the downstream jam velocity of both normal and pre-crash conditions. The detector based method and correlation based methods are used for velocity estimation. The downstream jam velocities under normal conditions are within the range of 10 km/h to 18 km/h. The downstream jam velocities are also within the range of 10 km/h to 18 km/h. However, there are significant variations in between pre-crash and normal conditions. It was also vi found that the detector based and correlation based methods yielded contradicting results when consistency of the results was compared.Item Analysis of Speed Variations at Different Distances from a Road Crossing Facility(IUT, CEE, 2016-11-20) Redwan, Ferdous; Farhad, Iktier Ahmed