Dept. of Coastal and Marine Fisheries
Browse
23 results
Search Results
Item TRADE-OFF BETWEEN DESTRUCTIVE FISHING GEARS USE AND HILSA SANCTUARIES MANAGEMENT IN THE MEGHNA RIVER ESTUARY OF BANGLADESH(Dept. of Coastal and Marine Fisheries, 2016-12) RAHMAN, MIZANURThis study was conducted to identify the factors that are responsible for widespread use of destructive fishing gears in the Meghna estuary where hilsa sanctuaries were established. Using participatory data collection tools such as individual interviews and focus group discussion, a field work was carried out in four sites located in three districts (Chandpur , Laxmipur and Noakhali )along with Meghna river estuary. The study was conducted in month of July 2016. In field research fifty individual interviews, twelve key informant interviews and four focus group discussions were conducted. The finding of the present study revealed that fishers use different types gears which have some kind of destructive natures, violate the rules of fisheries regulations, of which monofilament net (current jal )is the most prominent gear. Fishers widely use current jal because it is cheaper than conventional gears, easy to operate, higher catch per unit effort to mention a few reasons. The study eliciated a number of factors related to socio economic factors (poverty), political (corruption, political interference ) and environmental factors ( river bank erosion ) are responsible widespread use and unabated continuation of destructive fishing gears in the Meghna river estuary .As a consequence of this practice , the sustainability of estuarine fisheries at stake and dependent fishers become further vulnerable to poverty. More importantly a tradeoff is created where fisheries conservation and livelihoods development seems mutually exclusive. To revert a trade-off and create a win win situation for mitigation of destructive fishing and economic development of dependent fishers, the study calls for effective restriction on destructive gears production and use, comprehensive incentive program for all affected fishers during fishing closures establishment of co-management mechanism for sharing the responsibility and benefits of fisheries management in the Meghna River estuary of BangladeshItem GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF QUICK GROWING SPECIES UNDER MONOCULTURE AND POLYCULTURE SYSTEMS IN THE SEASONAL WATERBODY OF HAOR VILLAGE NOAGAON, SUNAMGANJ(Dept. of Coastal and Marine Fisheries, 2016-12) Ali, Md. ShukkurThe study was conducted to assess the growth, survival and production performance of Thai sarpunti (Puntius gonionotus Bleeker), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Lin.) and rui (Labeo rohita) under monoculture and polyculture systems in 9 farmers’ seasonal ditches over the period of 120 days from January to April 2016. Experimental ditches were cleaned manually and were limed at the rate of 250 kg ha-1 of quicklime (CaO). These were then fertilized with urea and triple supper phosphate (TSP) at the rate of 25 kg ha-1. Nine ditches were divided into three treatments each having three replicates and each ditch was stocked with fish fry/fingerlings at the rate of 40,000 nos ha-1. Stocked fishes were fed with rice bran and wheat flour as supplemental feed at the decreasing rate of 10-5% of total biomass for twice daily. Water quality parameters such as temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, total alkalinity and ammonia were within suitable range for fish culture and any stress did not observe in fishes. The highest average final weight of sarpunti (122.32 g), tilapia (102.58 g) and rui (120.0 g) was obtained in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. It was found that the average weight of sarpunti was decreased with the increases of fish species. The survival of all fish species was found higher in T3 than T1 and T2. Among the treatments food conversion ratio (FCR) of sarpunti was found lower in T1 (1.26) compared to T2 (1.38) and T3 (1.52), respectively. Comparatively higher FCR of tilapia was estimated in T3 (2.12) than that of T2 (1.52). FCR of rui was found lower (1.10) than other two fish species under different treatments. Significantly higher production of sarpunti was secured in T1 (3,446.13 kg ha-1) than T2 (2,942.6 kg ha-1) and T3 (2,804.1 kg ha-1). It was observed that tilapia production was better in T2 (2,786.07 kg ha-1) than T3 (2,172.52 kg ha-1). The combined production of sarpunti, tilapia and rui was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T3 (8,341.41 kg ha-1) followed by T2 (5,728.67 kg ha-1) and T1 (3,446.13 kg ha-1). The highest cost benefit ratio was achieved in T3 (1.64:1) that of T1 (1.25:1) and T2 (1.30:1). From the results of the present study it may be concluded that polyculture of sarpunti, tilapia and rui in seasonal ditches is the best than other techniques for better fish production as well as for higher economic return in haor areas. Therefore, the polyculture practice of sarpunti, tilapia and rui at a stocking density of 40,000 ha-1 and at a ratio of 2:1:1 may be suggested to disseminate at the fish farmers’ level for boost up fish production in manifolds using the unutilized ditches.Item IMPACT OF FISH DIVERSITY ON THE LIVELIHOOD OF FISHERS OF DEKHAR HAOR IN SUNAMGANJ(Dept. of Coastal and Marine Fisheries, 2016-12) SURAVI, ISRAT NURThe study was conducted to investigate the impact of fish diversity on the livelihood of fishermen living around the Dekhar haor of Dakshin Sunamganj in Sunamganj during the period of September 2015 to August 2016. It was performed based on field survey and direct fish catch sampling. The primary data were collected from the field survey through questionnaire interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) with different stakeholders. A good number of fishermen (73) were randomly selected in the study area. Key informant interviews were made to cross-check the collected data from the fishermen. A total of 51 fish species were identified belonging to 19 families under 34 genera of 10 groups along with two prawn species, where 23 fish species were categorized as abundant, 10 common and the rest 18 were rare. The most abundant fish were catfishes. Fishing is the main occupation of the fishermen and most of them are engaged in other professions to enjoy better life. About 18-70 years age group was mostly involved with fishing. Family size of the fishermen was consisted with 2-13 persons/family. Around 72.61% and 27.39% fishermen were Muslims and Sonatans, respectively. Most of the fishermen (63%) were able to sign only, 26% were illiterate and 7% had primary education. On the other hand, only 1% and 3% of the fishermen had JSC and SSC education, respectively. The monthly income of the fishermen from fishing was ranged from Tk. 500-5,000 where annual income was varied from Tk. 10,000-100,000. It was recorded that around 38% of the fishermen had medium savings followed by low savings (41%) and high savings (10%). On the contrary 11% of the fishers had no savings. Housing and sanitation conditions of the fishermen were not well developed. It was calculated that 83.56% of fishermen‟s houses were kacha and 16.44% were semi-pakka as well as 79.45% of toilets were kacha while 20.55% was semi pakka toilet. Almost all the fishermen were used tube-well water for drinking. About 54.80, 23.28, 19.18 and 2.74% of fishermen households were dependent on village doctors, kobiraj, paurashava hospital and MBBS doctor, respectively. It was found that 16.44% of fishermen were in joint family and 83.56% were in nuclear family. The majority of the fishers are interested to live separately owing to lower income. The monthly values of Shannon-Weaver diversity (H), Margalef‟s richness (R), Pielou‟s (e) evenness indices and Simpson dominance indices were obtained to be 3.36-3.78, 6.12-8.40, 0.98-0.99 and 0.97-0.98, respectively. Fishermen of the haor area are entirely dependent on capture fishery from the haor for their livelihood. From the results of the study it implies that fish diversity of haor has been decreasing in every year, which is alarming for the country and it would adversely affect the livelihood of the fishermen. Government and other organizations should come forward for taking urgent actions to protect the biodiversity of the haor. Government should create alternative job opportunities for the fishers and should utilize their potential, which will improve their livelihood and fish diversity will be protected and the country will be benefited.Item FISHING GEARS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON FISH DIVERSITY OF DEKHAR HAOR UNDER DAKSHIN SUNAMGANJ(Dept. of Coastal and Marine Fisheries, 2016-12) Mia, MamunA study was conducted to determine the fishing gears used their catch composition, catch per unit effort and effects of fishing gears on fish diversity of Dekhar haor for the period of 12 months from September 15 to August 2016. It was estimated that 51 fish species were belonged to 9 orders under 21 families, 34 genera and 4 genuses. Among the threatened fishes vulnerable (13), endangered (9) and critically endangered (7) were found. The most abundant fish species in the haor were Macrobrachium malcomsonii (ichha), Amblypharyngodon mola (mola), Puntius ticto (titputi), Mystus tengara (tengra), Mastacembelus armatus (baim), Macrognathus pancalus (guchi baim), Nandus nandus (bheda), Glossogobius giuris (baila), etc. A total of 20 types of fishing gears under five major groups such as nets, traps, hooks and lines, wounding gear and fish aggregating devices (FADs) were recorded. During April to November/December, mainly ber jal, current jal, koi jal, jhaki jal, uttar jal, thela jal, khora jal, dharma jal, borshi, hand borshi, Katha fishery and different types of traps (dori, chai, plastic chai, gui, ucha, polo, ronga), hooks and lines (borshi and hand borshi), and wounding gear (koach) were used by the fishermen of the haor. With respect to fishing nets, the highest catch per unit effort (CPUE) 4.67 kg gear-1day- 1 was recorded in ber jal followed by bata jal, khora jal, dharma jal, uttar jal, current jal, koi jal and jhaki jal. The lowest CPUE 1.56 kg gear-1day-1 was obtained in thela jal. Of the traps the highest CPUE (2.3 kg gear-1 day-1) was recorded in borshi followed by polo (1.75 kg), ucha (1.62 kg), hand borshi (0.6 kg), koach (0.36 kg), dori (0.2 kg), bhair (0.17 kg) and ronga (0.12 kg). The lowest CPUE (0.09 kg gear-1day-1) was found in plastic chai in the haor. It was observed that huge amount of fishes were caught by ber jal prior to breeding period and the rare species are damaged through this bulk catch and finally disappear from the haor. Order-wise catch composition of fishes in the haor Cypriniformes (30%) was the most dominant order followed by Perciformes (22%), Siluriformes (22%), Synbranchiformes (8%), Beloniformes (8%), Osteoglossiformes (4%), Clupeiformes (2%), Tetraodontiformes (2%) and Crustaceace (2%). On the basis of species composition, seine net, gill net, cast net, lift net, push net, plastic chai, chai, dori and hand borshi were considered as non-selective gears while koi jal and borshi were found as selective gears. Seine net (ber jal), gill nets (current jal) and lift nets (khora jal) were found to be most detrimental for the fish species among the recorded gears. The study reveals that the availability of fishes of the haor is drastically reduced in every year due to manmade (indiscriminate use of different types of gears, insecticides, pesticides, using complete dewatering technique for catching fish) and natural calamities (drought, flash flood, sand deposit from upstream rivers and canals, rainfall variations, temperature fluctuation). The present situation of fish catching in the haor continues in such a way, the haor would be barren of all kinds of fishes and other organisms. The people living around the haor should come forward to stop the operation of harmful fishing gears round the year. The government and other organizations should take immediately initiatives to protect the biodiversity, ecosystems and mother stocks of the haor for the greater interest of the nation.Item INTEGRATING SPECIES NICHE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY: A THEORETICAL MODELING APPROACH(Dept. of Coastal and Marine Fisheries, 2016-12) SIFAT UZZAMAN, MD.Understanding species niche is vital to prevent species extinction as it has a great impact on the abundance of the species. The present study was conducted to determine the changes of species niche with the changes in environmental variability. Here species dynamics over the time was simulated using a dynamic population model within in a parameter range. The findings of the present study revealed that changes environmental variance affects the abundance of species, alter their mean niche position, and change the niche overlap pattern with each other as well as the niche width of species. Similarly, it has a great impact on competition among the species. It was found that at low environmental variance there has been less fluctuation in the abundance of various species, but when the variance is being increased gradually then the abundance also fluctuates more. Again, at low variance the position niche of species remained more or less in the same mean, but at high variance the mean niche of species become changed, so their niche position has also been changed. Over again, when the environmental noise was low then the niche overlap of the species was very high. At high variance the niche overlap decreased. When two species compete for the same limiting resource then overlap occurs. Hence, when environmental variance was very low, the niche width of species was also very low, which indicates that the lower the variance the narrower the niche width. Furthermore, when the variance was low then there was no competition but with the increasing of variance, the rate of competition was also increased. Finally, the study concluded that change in the environmental variability affects the community dynamics and species niche structure.Item ZOOPLANKTON DIVERSITY DIFFERENCE IN TROPICAL ECOSYSTEM: A STUDY FROM THE MEGHNA RIVER ESTUARY, BANGLADESH(Dept. of Coastal and Marine Fisheries, 2016-12) AL- NOMAN, MD.To know about the trophic level relationship among the zooplankton, phytoplankton, and fish species, it is important to know about the zooplankton diversity difference through ecosystems. The present study was conducted to assess the zooplankton diversity difference of the Meghna river estuary in twenty sites in the month of July 2016. It also aims at identification of the area where higher disturbance occurs and species displacement risk is high, and also the area where species recruitment is high. Markov Chain model of ecological communities was utilized to explore general process of diversity differences of zooplankton between estuarine system and riverine system. Ten species of zooplankton were identified from sampling sites to run the model. The findings showed that estuary has high diversity where displacement risk was also high and river had low diversity and species displacement risk was also low. As predicted by diversity theory, invasion rate curve for estuary was more skewed than river and proportional abundance of species in estuary was higher than river. The model also found that disturbance was substantially higher on river than estuary. Trade-off between interspecific displacement and disturbance risk in either ecosystems among species were positive. The average intransitivity in transitions among zooplankton tended to be lower in estuary. The model further indicates that higher intransitivities and species disturbance declines species diversity when higher recruitment and interspecific replacement increase species diversity. This study will provide knowledge about zooplankton diversity differences between river and estuary which can help to undertake a proper management strategy in the Meghna river estuaryItem UNDERSTANDING FISHERY EXIT AND ENTRY IN CHITTAGONG COAST OF BANGLADESH(2015-12) Chowdhury, Md. Ezazul BariFishing is one of the most important traditional livelihood activities of the coastal communities which plays a significant role in the socioeconomic condition of small-scale fishers in Chittagong and considered as a major source of income through small-scale fishing in Bangladesh. The present study was conducted on the root level of coastal fishermen community of Kumira ghat and Halishahar sea beach area to understand the drivers that are responsible for exit and entry into fishery. The empirical analysis shows that main drivers which cause push to fishers to leave fishery are poverty cycle, bodily insecurity with illiteracy and pulled out to leave the fishing profession. Fishers’ poverty is a complex issues and a wide array of causal factors are responsible for the complexity of poverty in fisheries. Fishermen are threatened by low productivity of fisheries resources, low income, increasing fishing operation cost, frequent natural disasters, bouts of diseases, large household’s size, heavy debt bondage, sea piracy and other activities of illegal elements both in sea and on land. Lack of financial assets, fishing gears and crafts, inaccessibility to market and formal credit institution, changes in technology and competition, seasonality in fishing, conservation measures, remoteness of living areas, lack of education and awareness, mobility, lack of social security, low political voice also marginalize the fishing communities. Different livelihood crisis drivers are shown in dimensions such as inside to inside, inside to outside, outside to outside which lead to livelihood failure and profitable drivers discuss in outside to inside in result. Pollution of ship-breaking and industrial effluent discharge by different canals in Kumira area is most vulnerable and sluice gate of the canal brings more grief in their livelihood for Kumira fishers. The monthly income per fishermen of both study area was comparatively much lower from the national per capita income. On the whole life the fishermen are in risk and they have no refreshment and no different taste of life. Therefore poverty alleviation in fisheries community can improve their livelihood and appropriate steps should be taken such as proper use of effluent plant to reduce industrial pollution and reduce ship breaking pollution. Government should give loan for them at low interest rate and create alternative job opportunities in off season or ban season, government should also ensure basic education and health service for fishing community, to mitigate the risk of piracy and invasion emphasized on coast guard activities. Last of all, as fisher community is so much assiduous, government should utilize their potential combining with alternative income generating profession which will improve their livelihoods and nation will be benefited.Item DAMAGE OF AQUATIC FAUNA DURING THE COLLECTION OF SHRIMP (PENEAUS MONODON) POST LARVAE IN THE TIDAL WATER OF MONGLA RIVER (RAMPAL), BAGERHAT(Dept. of Coastal and Marine Fisheries, 2015-12) FERDOUSY, JANNATULThe study was conducted in Mongla tidal river (Rampal) of Bagerhat district from November 2014 to October 2015 to assess the abundance of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) post larvae (PL) and to quantify the damage of different aquatic fauna during collection of P. monodon PL. Observation was also made on the distribution of aquatic organisms with the variation of water quality parameters and season. Insignificant variation in water temperature, pH, salinity and hardness was found but salinity and hardness showed great fluctuation during the study period. Regression analysis shows that the abundance of P. monodon PL was significantly (p˂0.05) related to water temperature, pH, salinity and hardness. It was found that about 401 other shrimp larvae, 382 fin fishes and 1717 other macrozooplankton were killed during the period of collection for only one PL of P. monodon. During the survey period around 0.16 million man days/year were estimated to be involved in shrimp PL collection activities and on average 6.3 million of P. monodon PL were collected annually from the studied area. It was also calculated from the present study that about 29,874 million of other shrimp species, fin fishes and macrozooplankton were destroyed annually by the shrimp seed harvesting process in Mongla river. Therefore, the results obtained from the study imply that present seed collection practice caused severe damage of other valuable aquatic fauna, which directly affect the biodiversity of tidal waters, natural productivity, improvement of mother stock and environment friendly of coastal and marine water.Item DISASTER VULNERABILITY OF COASTAL FISHERS INPATUAKHALI REGION OF BANGLADESH(Dept. of Coastal and Marine Fisheries, 2015-12) BEGUM, PAPIABangladesh is ranked as one of the world’s most disaster-prone countries in the world, mainly due to its geographical location and socio-economic context of vulnerable population. Natural disasters like cyclones, storm surges, floods, droughts, river bank erosions are regular phenomena in the coastal region of Bangladesh, prompting substantial damage to the livelihood assets as well as to the environment. Among the affected coastal communities, coastal fishers is one of the most exposed and suffered community to natural disasters because they live close to coast, their occupation related water resources and they are among “the poorest of the poor”. In spite of having a key role in the livelihoods and food securities for a significant proportion of the population and economy in the country coastal fisheries has failed to create enough attention from research and policy areas. Considering above mentioned context, the present study investigates the disaster vulnerabilities of coastal fishers who are residing in Patuakhali region of Bangladesh. Primary data collected through fieldwork in three fishing communities of using different data collection tools, individual interview, Focus Group Discussion and key informant interview. Secondary data was collected from different scholar’s articles, reports of GOs and NGOs. To analyse the vulnerability context of coastal fishers to natural disasters, conceptual framework of Pressure and Release (PAR) was employed. Pressure and Release (PAR) model depicts that a disaster is the intersection of two opposite forces: the processes generating vulnerability on one side, and physical exposure to hazard on the other side. Following this framework, the present study revealed that disaster vulnerabilities of coastal fisher communities can be categorized into three main interconnected factors like root causes, dynamic pressures and unsafe conditions. Poor economic system, limited access to resources, structure and power are the root causes of vulnerabilities which were identified by the local fishers. Dynamic pressures such as lack of education, training and market facilities seriously undermine the adaptive capacity which was compounded by high population growth, low productivity of fisheries etc. That altogether transform the effects of root causes into disaster vulnerability. Besides, dangerous location, unprotected areas, risky livelihoods, low income level, high debt bondage, weak disaster warning system and lack of disaster preparedness were recognized as unsafe conditions by the respondents which make them more susceptible to disasters. This study also explored that coastal fishers adopt multiple coping strategies to protect themselves from disasters which vary based on their locations. The coping strategies include moving to protective shelters, storing dried food, keeping domestic animal and other valuable materials in high and safe place, collecting relief materials, stop fishing and returning to the coast, preparing life supporting equipment, repairing damaged boats and nets, searching for alternative income sources etc.Item DRIVERS OF CHANGES IN ECOSYSTEM SERVICES AND HUMAN WELL-BEING IN THE BANGLADESH SUNDARBANS(Dept. of Coastal and Marine Fisheries, 2015-12) SUNNY, ATIQUR RAHMANThe Sundarbans is the world’s largest mangrove forest that provide a range of goods and services for human societies living adjacent to the forest and beyond. This mangrove ecosystems are changing at unprecedented rates, as result of the coupled impacts of climate pressures and anthropogenic drivers like climate change and overexploitation. However, there are very few studies focused on the interlink among environmental changes, degradation of the ecosystem services and subsequent impacts on the well-being of dependent population. Based on the analysis of time series data on different environmental parameters of Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), the study track the enviormental changes in the Sundarbans region. Revenue data from the Department of Forest was utilized to quantity the ecosystem services received from the Sundarbans. Enviromental changes in the region further verified through the lens of the perceptions of forest-dependent population from September 2015 to November 205. To study the perceptions of communities and their respective strategies cope with environmnetal changes fieldwork was conducted in six communities in Satkhira, Khulna and Bagerhat districts. In the fieldwork, a number of qualitative tools such as interviews, focus group discussions, informal interview, key informant interview, stakeholder analysis and oral history were employed. The time series analysis of environmental variables such as temperature, rainfall, humidity etc. shows considerable fluctuations over years that could affect mangrove productivity and subsequent delivery of mangrove ecosystem services. In addition to environmental variables different anthropogenic drivers such as over-exploitation of resources further deteriorate the quality and quantity of ecosystem services. The changing pattren of ecosystem services brought misfortune to the well-being of the dependent population in terms of reduction in income, exposure to disasters and disorders. In response to the induced crises, interviewed communities adopt a number of strategies such as diversification of income sources through over-exploitation of different forest resources, reduction of consumption, migration, selling of assets etc. Finally, the study provide a number of recommendations to address the ongoing environmnetal chnages, to sustain the flow of ecosystem sevices for enhanced human well-being in the region.
- «
- 1 (current)
- 2
- 3
- »