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    ESTIMATION OF THE GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR CROSSBRED DAIRY COWS
    (MASTERS OF SCIENCE (MS) IN ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND ANIMAL BREEDING FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE CHITTAGONG VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY CHITTAGONG, 2010-05) Das, Ashutosh
    The study was conducted to investigate the phenotypic performances and to estimate the genetic parameters of five dairy traits such as age at first calving, post partum heat period, calving interval, lactation length and lactation milk yield for crossbred cows under Chittagong metropolitan area, Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 480 different crossbred of Friesian × Local (F × L), Friesian × Shahiwal (F × SL) and Friesian × Shahiwal × Local (F × SL × L) cows data were used. Mean of calving interval was 442.59±7.78, 449.86±8.64 and 457.88±8.20 days in F × L, F × SL and F × SL × L crossbreds, respectively. The study reveals that the mean AFC and PPHP were lowest for F × L cross. The average lactation milk yield was 1506.75±71.37, 1351.00±79.25 and 929.10±75.23 liters for F × L, F × SL and F × SL × L crossbreds, respectively. Lactation length was longer for F × L than the F × SL and F × SL × L crossbreds. Breed groups had significant (P<0.05) effects on most of the traits except PPHP and LL. All traits differed due to differences in farm, season, year of birth and number of lactation. The overall heritability estimates in crossbreds were 0.10, 0.07, 0.05, 0.27, and 0.30 for the AFC, PPHP, CI, LL and LMY, respectively. Higher heritability for LL and LMY in different crossbreds was attributed due to additive gene action. F × L crossbred exhibited higher h2 estimates for most of the traits. Genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients between traits were low to medium. Considering all the phenotypic parameters studied F × L showed better performance than other crossbreds. Therefore, the chosen cows of this crossbred would be more beneficial for future selection programme. Low heritabilities for AFC, PPHP and CI in this study indicated that improvement programmes for these traits should focus on management rather breed groups. This study will assist the animal breeders and farmers for future selection decision and crossbred cattle rearing under existing farming conditions.
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    Performance of different types of indigenous chicken in Bangladesh and study the diversity of PMEL17 gene in plumage color
    (MASTER OF SCIENCE (MS) IN ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND ANIMAL BREEDING FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE CHITTAGONG VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY CHITTAGONG, 2018-06) NOOR, DR. JANNATUL
    The research was conducted to know the performance of different types of indigenous chicken of Bangladesh and study the diversity of the plumage color gene. A baseline survey was done to study the phenotypic parameters within three locations of the chickens. Types of the chickens were done based on plumage colour, comb type and body shape of the chickens: black white single round, black brown single round, spotted single cylindrical types were studied. For the diversity of plumage colour genes, PME17 was considered; DNA was extracted from whole blood samples using FavorPrepTM blood genomic DNA extraction mini kit. The primer was selected and the PCR and agar gel electrophoresis were done following protocol FavorPrepTM and purified PCR products were sequenced by the Sanger sequencer. Sequence alignment, pair and multi alignment comparison of the PMEL17 gene of the species were done with MEGA6 software. Higher egg production (12.5±0.2/clutch) was observed for brown single round type than other types of chickens and the average clutch size was 10.9±0.81 in all locations. The highest live weight was obtained in black white pea round type chickens (1.6kg) than other types of chickens. The external and internal characteristics of egg were significantly differed between three locations among types. The designed sequence of PMEL17 gene was revealed 99% homology with the sequence of Gallus gallus and Gallus gallus domesticus. In black brown type chicken, mutation was observed at 91bp nucleotide (G replaces A) and in black white type chicken it was observed in at 64bp positional nucleotide (C replaces T) that indicates the changes of the amino acid sequence leads to protein change and ultimately variation of the phenotype (plumage color) were expressed. The phylogenetic tree analysis, nucleotide sequences of PMEL17 were closely related to Gallus gallus and Gallus gallus domesticus. The overall nucleotide frequency of PMEL17 gene wereA (16.91%), T/U (15.79%), C (40.69%), and G (26.62%) respectively. It was seen that various types of chicken phenotypes were found with the potential role of all possible mutations occurred due to the plumage color gene, PMEL17.
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    EFFECTS OF PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS ON FERTILITY AND PHYLOGENIC INFERENCE OF FERTILITY GENES IN INDIGENOUS SHEEP OF BANGLADESH
    (DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND ANIMAL BREEDING FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE CHITTAGONG VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY CHITTAGONG, 2018-06) HOSSAIN, MD. IQBAL
    The study was carried out to know the effects of protein supplementations on fertility and inference of fertility genes. Three iso-caloric but different graded levels of protein containing rations were feed to three different groups of sheep. For molecular study, DNA was extracted from the whole blood sample for PCR of GDF9 and BMP15 fertility genes and purified PCR products were sequenced with the help of Sanger sequencer. Sequence alignment, pair and multi-alignment comparison of the BMP15 and GDF9 gene were performed with MEGA6 software. The semen volume, sperm counts, percentages of normal and viable sperm were higher in Treatment 2 than the other two treatments. Ewes treated with supplemented, protein concentrate reached conception at earlier age (Treatment 1, 7.4±0.09 months and Treatment 2, 6.67±0.18 months) than control (8.37± 0.15 months). Conception rate was significantly higher in treated groups than control group. The gestation length and lambing interval were significantly higher in control (155.25±4.1 days, 188.25±2.3 days, respectively) than treated groups. Lamb’s birth weights of three groups were ranged from 1.11 to 1.55 kg. The designated sequences of BMP15 gene and GDF9 gene were revealed 100% homology with the sequence of Pelibuey sheep. In addition, the sequences of BMP15 gene showed 99% similarity with the Balochi and Lohi breed of sheep and GDF9 gene asserted that sequences were 95% harmonious with the Awassi breed. The evolutionary divergences in indigenous sheep ranged from 0.00 to 3.35 for BMP15 gene and 0.00 to 0.77 for GDF9 gene with clear differences within indigenous sheep. In the phylogenetic tree nucleotide sequence of BMP15 was closely related with Pelibuey sheep and Rahmani sheep breed had strong association with GDF9. Jukes-Cantor (JC) model designed with the 3866.36 BIC score and Kimura 2-parameter model carried 6222.80 BIC score were the best fitted models for BMP15 gene and GDF9 gene, respectively. The overall nucleotide frequencies of BMP15 were 27.87% (A), 26.34% (T/U), 21.70% (C), and 24.10% (G) and GDF9 were 20.22% (A), 26.32% (T/U), 27.91% (C) and 25.54% (G), respectively. The study indicated that the influence of nutrition on reproductive performance and these genomic inceptions will be open a new era in the indigenous sheep production of Bangladesh.
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    SCREENING FOR POLYMORPHISMS IN LITTER SIZE TRAIT ASSOCIATED GENES IN GOATS OF BANGLADESH
    (Chattogram Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, 2019-12) SHAHA, MISHUK
    A study was carried out to screen the goats of Bangladesh for the presence of polymorphisms in three prolificacy genes (GDF9, BMP15 and CDH26) and to assess the association between polymorphisms and litter size. A total of 139 animals were screened comprising of 63 Black Bengal, 40 Jamnapari and 36 Crossbred goats.The selected animals had variable litter size and parity. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein using sterile vacutainer pack. Genomic DNA was extracted from collected blood samples using commercial DNA extraction kit. The fragments of exon 2 of BMP15, exon 2 of GDF9 and exon 8 of CDH26 gene were amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). PCR products were sequenced using DNASanger sequencing method. Association analysis for identified polymorphisms and litter size was done using a generalized linear model. Phylogenetic analysis was also performed to explore the genetic diversity of different goats.Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified of which four (g.818C˃T, g.1073G˃A, g.1189G˃A and g.1330G˃T) were in GDF9 gene, three (g.616G˃T, g.735G˃A and g.811G˃A) were in BMP15 gene and three (g.975C˃T, g.1064G˃A and g.1035-1036CA˃TG) were in CDH26 gene.Among them, seven SNPs were novel and three SNPs were known based on extensive literature search.The association analysis showed 818C>T and 1330G>T loci of GDF9 gene recorded with a significantly (p<0.05) higher litter size. However, the effect of breed and parity was significant (p<0.05) on litter size in these three Bangladeshi goats. These results preliminarily showed that the GDF9 gene might be a major gene that influences prolificacy of Bangladeshi goat.This study provides basic additional molecular data that would be useful for future researchon thelitter size trait in goats of Bangladesh. This attempt for goat fecundity research would also be paveda scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of goat genetic resources.
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    STUDY ON THE MORPHOMETRIC, GROWTH AND EGG PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF RED JUNGLE FOWL AND NON-DESCRIPTIVE DESHI CHICKEN UNDER SEMI-INTENSIVE CONDITION
    (Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2020-06) CHAKMA, PROGAYAN
    The study was conducted in Hathazari Upazilla of Chattogram District of Bangladesh to know the morphometric, growth, and egg production characteristics of Red Jungle fowl and non-descriptive deshi chicken under semi-intensive condition. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from December, 2018 to November, 2019. This study reveals that the non-descriptive deshi chickens were morphometrically larger than the Red Jungle fowl, where all the traits were shown comparatively superior. Male birds have higher values comparatively to the females in both genotypes. The weight of day old chicks up to the weight at sexual maturity the Red Jungle fowl showed poorer results than the non-descriptive deshi chicken except the age of sexual maturity, which indicates non-descriptive deshi chicken attain late sexual maturity. The fertility (88.76%), hatchability (76.54%), clutch size (10.56), hen-day egg production per year (52.8) and egg weight (40.70g) was significantly higher in non-descriptive deshi than the Red Jungle fowl. Overall, although non descriptive deshi was comparatively superior producer than the Red Jungle fowl. A further study is strongly recommended with larger sample size.
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    NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCING AND DETECTION OF MUTATION IN CARCASS ASSOCIATED CANDIDATE GENES IN INDIGENOUS CATTLE OF BANGLADESH
    (Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2020-06) LIMA, ARJUMAN
    Carcass related traits are very complex and difficult to measure phenotypically, they are not usually included in selection programs. Several studies have indicated associations between genes associated with carcass traits and the genetic polymorphisms in these genes. However, genetic research on indigenous cattle carcass traits in Bangladesh is scanty. Therefore, this study was carried out to screen polymorphisms of the CACNA2D1 gene for carcass weight, dressing percentage, meat percentage, and backfat thickness and MYF5 for live weight, loin eye height, loin eye area and water holding capacity. To identify and assess the association between polymorphisms and carcass traits a total of 80 animals were randomly selected. Genomic DNA was extracted from collected blood samples using a commercial DNA extraction kit for amplification of the fragments of exon 25 of CACNA2D1 gene and exon 2 of MYF5 gene using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). PCR products were sequenced using DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was also performed to explore the genetic diversity of different cattle. This preliminary research on polymorphism of the CACNA2D1 gene exon 25 in cattle revealed C1993A, T2058A, C2068A might be helpful as genetic markers in Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) and Crossbred (RCC × Local) cattle. According to the score in Polyphen2, it can be confidently predicted to be deleterious. The SNP C1993A resulted in a missense mutation leading Leu (L) to 658 Ile (I) amino acid substitution, which may cause possible damage due to the less significant effect of isoleucine in protein synthesis. This detrimental effect may cause a reduction in muscle mass along with body weight. The absence of this mutation in the RCC population may have a positive effect, and carcass quality may be better in RCC than crossbreed as those mutations may negatively impact the cattle population. In case of MYF5 the mutation at the 1795C˃T position, which is intronic, does not cause an amino acid substitution but several recent investigations revealed that SNPs in the intron region had significant associations with carcass and meat quality traits. Results from this study indicate that the CACNA2D1 gene and MYF5 have potential effects on carcass and meat quality traits, opening up possibilities for cattle breeding and improvement in gene-assisted selection and future research is necessary to evaluate other candidate genes. Moreover, the results for cattle carcass traits would be a scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of cattle genetic resources