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Comparative Analysis of Mobile Finance Market in Bangladesh: A Study on bKash
(Daffodil International University, 2025-07-13) Zico, Md.Nuruddin
his report has been prepared based on four-month work experience in bKash Limited one of the best Mobile Finance Marketing companies in Bangladesh Mobile financial service became very popular because of quick money transferring, paying bills, getting discount from online shopping through payment. Customers can retain money in their mobile wallets and send and receive money at any time, from any location, thanks to the flexibility of accessing financial services. Throughout my intern report first I incorporated Goal, Origin of study, Scope of study, Methodology, Limitation and Literature Review. I have analyzed the company position, Organization View, Activities of the Company and Comparative Analysis of the Competitors, Competitive Analysis using Porter’s Five-Factor Model and SWOT analysis, Industry Growth. There is little risk of New Entrants, medium to low Suppliers Bargaining Power, Internal Competition Rivalry, little risk of Threat of Substitutes, and middling Customers Bargaining Power. The social condition is good, the technological situation is bad, and the economic situation is moderate. The legal situation is positive. In the case of growth analysis average a year, Number of Customer is 17.62%, Active Customer 17.85% and Gross Revenue 15.85%When analyzing the three major companies in the industry, bKash, Nagad and Rocket, and other factors, I discovered that bKash is good in terms of organizational structure, technology partnerships, developing plans for special offers, brand recognition, and the availability of agents and subscribers.
Evaluating the Impact of Green Hiring on Sustainable Performance through the Mediating Role of Green Performance Management and Compensation: A Study on the Pharmaceutical Industry of Bangladesh
(Daffodil International University, 2025-07-21) Rahman, Md. Abdur
The global green movement has been driven by the desire to protect the environment. Protecting natural resources by lessening their adverse environmental effects and boosting sustainable performance is a growing challenge for today’s managers. In order to preserve our natural resources, greening has become essential. The study explored how green HRM practices, especially green recruiting, affect the sustainable performance of pharmaceutical companies. Data was collected using a quantitative research approach. 160 responses from pharmaceutical employees were gathered through a scaled survey. Partial Least Squares– Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used in the study to analyze the findings. The findings unequivocally demonstrate that green hiring plays a strong and positive role in improving social, economic, and environmental outcomes. The path coefficients test further demonstrated that green performance management and compensation significantly mediate the relationship between green recruiting and the sustainable performance of pharmaceutical companies. Organizations can use this study to assist them adopt GHRM practices that will help them across multiple dimensions. This research also provides insightful information for policymakers seeking effective ways to advance Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) and strengthen sustainability in businesses.
Relationship between board characteristics and non-performing loan: A comparative study of Islamic bank and Conventional bank
(Daffodil International University, 2025-11-25) Bipul, Md. Nusrat Al Mujahid
The research aims to analyze Islamic and conventional banks in Bangladesh by taking the relationship between board characteristics and non-performing loans (NPLs) in the banking sector as the main issue. How board structure, independence, diversity, and competence affect credit risk management is very important to know, because non-performing loans (NPLs) are a major risk factor in the banking sector and they greatly affect the stability of the financial system. The research will assess the possible impacts of certain board characteristics (size, independence, and the presence of politically connected members) on non-performing loans (NPLs) in Bangladesh's two banking types. The analysis reveals that the governance of the board is very successful in letting the NPLs down. The independent board and the financial expert are shown as having a positive impact by better oversight and, thus, strengthening the practices of monitoring the lending. In Islamic banks, Shariah knowledge and the governance in place also indicate a significant impact on the quality of loans. On the other hand, the larger boards and political connections are seen to have mixed effects on the NPLs, which differ between Islamic and conventional banks because of the different operational frameworks and regulatory requirements. The study, therefore, suggests that the banks in Bangladesh, both Islamic and conventional, can improve their financial and risk management practices by having strong board structures that are able to produce good quality assets and are thus sustainable.
Does the Annual Report Sufficiently Reveal the Relationship Between Board Characteristics and Bank Performance? Evidence from Bangladesh
(Daffodil International University, 2025-11-25) Jahan, Israt
This research aims to assess the extent to which the annual reports in Bangladesh are able to unveil the relationship between the board characteristics and the bank performance. The disclosure quality and its limitations are the main aspects of the study. The analysis covers key governance variables like board size, board independence, CEO tenure, and political connections along with the financial performance indicators of return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) for both Islamic and conventional banks. Continuous and dynamic methods of analysis, particularly using System GMM, are applied in the study to determine the extent to which publicly available data reflects the governance-performance relationship taking into consideration the endogeneity and performance persistence effects. The research results show that annual reports present basic numerical data that allow for a limited assessment of the efficiency of the board. Board size and CEO tenure reveal measurable correlations with the financial performance of conventional banks while the link in Islamic banks is weaker owing to governance structures that comply with Shariah and risk-sharing mechanisms within the bank. Political connections are found to have varying effects, while the role of board independence and competency is frequently hidden by the scanty narrative and qualitative reporting. The research indicates that the absence of forward-looking information, inadequacy of narrative content, and non-provision of audit assurance weaken the annual reports’ capability of completely portraying the board’s functioning and the management's strategic decision-making. Annual reports, in general, are a basic source for analyzing the relationship between governance and performance, but their drawbacks require the use of qualitative data, narrative disclosures, and assurance mechanisms as support in order to gain a thorough understanding. These implications are significant for the aforementioned groups if they seek to bring about the changes in areas of transparency, and board oversight, and to further elevate financial performance in the dual banking system of Bangladesh.
The Role of AI-Augmented HRM in Advancing Sustainable Performance: Investigating the Determinants of Organizational Strategy and Digital Culture
(Daffodil International University, 2025-12-10) Khusnoor, Arafatun Nesha
here are many organizations globally are reconsidering how digital culture can be in align with organizational strategic goals to facilitate the effective use of artificial intelligence (AI), as they are trying to adapt the rapid digital transition. Taking into account the socioeconomic conditions of developing countries, this study investigates the influential role of AI- augmented human resource management (HRM) on advancing the sustainable organizational performance (SOP). The study uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to conduct the data analysis. In the data analysis segment we use SPSS to test statistically the proposed relationships of the model, and we also use Amos software for data analysis. The investigation was based on the responses from 219 HR professionals worked in different organizations in different management levels in Bangladesh. The findings show that organizational strategy (OS) has a stronger influence on digitally transformed HRM practices, but digital culture (DC) doesn’t have a significant influence on HR functions run through AI. Additionally, the results also show that AI-enhanced HRM plays a role as a mediator. It helps to understand the mediating relationship between strategic decisions of organization and organizational long term success. That means AI-driven HRM functions enhances the sustainable performance outcomes. This study establishes a conceptual framework for understanding how implementing AI systems within HR operations during this rapid changing environment result in organizational sustainability. The study is mainly based on resource-based view (RBV) and is supplemented with Dynamic Capabilities View (DCV). The results suggest that the developing countries should take necessary initiative to effectively implement digital culture with the help of AI in the field of HRM. Strategic decision aligned with technology can help organizations to achieve sustainable performance.
Importing Spice: A Strategic Study on Trade Policy, Smuggling, and Market Reform in Bangladesh
(Daffodil International University, 2025-12-10) Hasnain, Kazi Nehal
This is the study of Bangladeshi spice sector. The study based on spice trade policy, import, export, smuggling and market reform. In this study, I try to explores the increasing import of spices, because of less domestic production, legal and illegal imports of spice. As less production but increasing use in household, industries and food processing unit. Nearly half of some spice needs of Bangladesh imports by legally and illegally. That’s why both opportunities and challenges in these sectors. In 2023 nearly $210million of price spices imports by legally and illegally trade routes. “Countries such as India, China, and Vietnam are Bangladesh's primary suppliers of key spices like turmeric, cumin, chili, and black pepper. In 2023, the total value of these imports exceeded $200 million. However, while demand remains high, the legal spice trade is burdened by a heavy tax structure. Importers face a combined duty load of up to 58.6%, including customs, regulatory, and supplementary duties, alongside VAT. These high costs make smuggling an appealing alternative for some traders — illegal imports now account for an estimated half of all spices consumed in Bangladesh. This informal trade poses several risks. This informal trade poses several risks. Like as, it bypasses health inspections of the goods by Smuggling, also It undermines legitimate businesses and deprives the government of significant tax revenue because of this, legal importers are struggling to remain competitive due to high tariffs, bureaucratic delays, and inconsistent regulations. I have got some Key findings from the study are include: Bangladesh's spice sector is large but it is heavily dependent on imports. Particularly from India, the legal trade is undermined by high costs and the unchecked spread of smuggling.it have problem on Policy support for local spice farming and better infrastructure is lacking. Trade agreements like SAFTA have not adequately addressed spice-specific barriers., I can make the study to address these issues. Some recommendations are: Bangladesh should need to reduce import duties for essential spices to boost legal imports. also need Improve border surveillance and invest in customs modernization. also need Introduce quality control labs and traceability systems. And also need to offer subsidies and technical support to encourage local spice cultivation. at the last we can say that spice importing can indeed be a golden opportunity. when Bangladesh reforms its trade policies, strengthens enforcement mechanisms, and invests in its own spice production capabilities. Bangladesh can reduce dependence on informal trade, boost food security, and position itself competitively in the regional spice market with strategic planning and targeted reforms.