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    A three level solar panel system with an automated solar tracker
    (© 2014 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2014-07) Moniruzzaman, H. M.; Patwary, Munia; Rahman, Mosaddequr
    In this work, a detailed performance analysis of a three level solar panel system intended for its use in urban residential areas is carried out. The system consists of three panels fitted with automated solar tracker and mounted in a rack one above another at a fixed distance from each other to minimize the floor area while shifted horizontally from each other by half the panel width to avoid shading of the lower panels. Calculation shows that the proposed three level panel system can harness 18 - 64 % more energy than the three conventional single level fixed panel systems with 33% less area. An automated microcontroller controlled solar tracker is also developed for the proposed system to track the sun. Microcontroller calculates the sunrise and sunset times on each day using a set of equations and sends signal to the controlling motors to rotate the panels at a predetermined time intervals by a fixed angle to track the sun. Rotating the panels at some fixed time interval rather than on a continuous basis will minimize the energy consumption. The proposed system is easy to construct and implement, takes less floor space and will be effective for urban areas where not only electricity is in short supply, availability of roof top space to install solar panels is also very limited.
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    Power pilferage in Bangladesh: a simple and economically affordable solution
    (© 2015 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016-03) Ahmed, Sadita; Mahmud, Abdullah Al; Rahman, Mosaddequr
    In Bangladesh, illegal consumption of electricity takes a considerable part of the revenue as a non-technical loss in power distribution system. Unlike technical losses, this has no easy way to be calculated and fixed. This paper discusses the methodology for detection of power pilferage and its implementation using embedded electronics system. The idea is to detect unauthorized tapping on distribution lines by comparing the energy transferred through the energy meter of a pole and the summation of energy consumed through energy meters of all premises connected to that pole. If these two data differ by an alarming measure, the respective authority will be notified. The communication between pole and premises and between pole and authority have been done wirelessly in the lowest possible cost considering the economic condition of the developing country. The cost analysis shows that if the system is implemented, total power system loss will reduce at least 15% of the current loss.
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    Chondrobot-2: A simple and efficient semi-autonomous tele-robotic lunar excavator
    (© 2012 IEEE, 2012) Rhaman, Md. Khalilur; Hossain, Md. Jonayet; Anik, Kazi Mohammad Razin; Oyon, Mahmudul Hasan; Nabia, Sarah Binte Nasir; Rahi, Nabil Shaker; Khan, Bonny Amin; Miran, Md. Mashiur Rahman; Bhuian, Belal Hossain; Rahman, Md. Mosaddequr
    A simple, light-weight and efficient excavation system to excavate and collect lunar regolith has been developed at BRAC university. The excavation system has a dimension of 1.21m × 0.66m × 0.74m with a total weight of 65 kg. This four wheel drive robot consists of a bucket-ladder system for excavation and is capable of collecting 8kg of regolith per minutes. It also includes a collector bucket which can contain 18kg regolith and deposit in a bin which is installed on 50 cm height. The excavation hardware can be operated both manually and remotely through a web browser by logging in from any computer without direct visual and auditory access to the hardware. A KINECT sensor based semi-auto navigation is incorporated to avoid obstacle while motion.
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    A simple tele-robotic lunar excavator
    (© 2012 IEEE, 2013) Rhaman, Md. Khalilur; Hasan, Shiblee Imtiaz; Hossain, Md. Jonayet; Anik, Kazi Mohammad Razin; Oyon, Mahmudul Hasan; Bhuian, Belal Hossain; Rahman, Md. Mosaddequr
    An excavation tele-robotic system is developed to excavate and collect lunar regolith. The excavator has been developed by the team BRACU ChondroBot consisting students from BRAC University for NASA's 2nd Annual Lunabotics Mining Competition (LMC) 2011. Considering the requirement of NASA and calculating the load, friction and power the mechanical excavator was designed and built. The dimension of the excavator is 1.45m ×.74m × 1.48m and the weight is 80 kg. It consists of two excavation arm and one pulley system depositor bucket. Two conveyer belt type wheels are used to drive the robot. Efficient control and communication is always a big challenge for a Tele-robot. In our developed system hardware can be operated both manually and remotely through a web browser by logging in from any computer without direct visual and auditory access to the hardware. A unique control circuit, graphical user interface and communication module for two terminals are also developed for remote access.
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    Simulation and analysis of battery performance of a solar car using a model implemented in simulink
    (© 2015 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2015-12) Al Maliniud, Abdullah; Zaman, Asif; Jafar, Imran Bin
    Battery performance of a proposed solar car has been investigated under different road conditions while the car makes a nip in one of the longest routes in Dhaka city, using a model developed in Matlab Simulink. A significant reduction in energy consumption is observed when the car runs at lower speed, which is atthbuted to lower air drag at lower speed. Energy consumption further reduces with the increase in number of stoppages. Thus the solar/electric car will be an ideal mode of transport for a city like Dhaka, where traffic congestion is a daily occurrence.
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    Performance study of lead-acid battery in a solar car under different traffic and weather conditions
    (© 2016 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016-01) Mahmud, Abdullah Al; Jafar, Imran Bin; Zaman, Asif; Rahman, Mosaddequr Abdur
    In this paper performance of lead-acid battery in a solar car, proposed earlier for Dhaka city dwellers, has been studied under different traffic and weather conditions while the car travels in a long route of Dhaka city. A model of the electric drive system of the proposed car, developed in Matlab Simulink, is used to investigate the battery response. It has been observed that the energy required by the car when it travels 30% of the road at the top speed of 60 km/hour is about 65% of the energy required when it travels 90% of the road at that speed, which further decreases with the increase of number of stoppages. Because of this feature, the proposed solar car appears to be an appropriate means of transport in Dhaka, the city with quotidian traffic congestion. In addition of being emission free, it also ensures less energy consumption during heavy traffic congestion compared to a fuel driven car which burns more fuel and releases more toxic gases under the same road conditions.
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    A new multilevel solar panel system for urban areas
    (© 2013 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2013) Zenan, Ahmed Hosne; Ahmed, Sanjana; Rhaman, Md. Khalilur; Rahman, Mosaddequr Abdur
    A new multilevel solar panel system is proposed for its use in urban residential solar home systems. The proposed system consists of three panels mounted in a rack one above another at a fixed distance from each other to minimize the floor area while shifted horizontally from each other by half the panel width to avoid shading of the lower panels. In the proposed system, the panels will be fitted with a tracking system to track the sun to maximize the energy collection. Further, a gliding mechanism is perceived for the panels that will enable the panels glide both ways and realign as the sun moves from east to west to avoid shading. Initial calculation, done for March 21st, shows that the proposed multilevel three panel system can harness 18.6% more energy than the three conventional fixed panel systems with 33% less area. The proposed system will be useful for large urban city dwellers, especially in third world countries, where not only electricity is in short supply, availability of roof top space to install solar panels is also very limited.
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    A two-seater light-weight solar powered clean car: preliminary design and economic analysis
    (© 2014 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2014-07) Ahmed, Sanjana; Zenan, Ahmed Hosne; Rahman, Mosaddequr Abdur
    This paper outlines the design of a prototype solar powered light-weight economically affordable clean car for the daily office commuters of Dhaka city. Calculation in this paper shows that the solar power alone will be sufficient to operate a light-weight car from one end of the capital city Dhaka, to the other, for a journey to and from the office. A preliminary design of the solar car has been performed in this paper by calculating and estimating the required panel size, battery capacity and motor power. A plug-in charging option has been supplemented to the car for extracting electricity from the mains during times of insufficient energy receptions from the sun. Economic analysis performed on the life cycle cost of solar cars, as opposed to traditional fuel-based cars shows that over the long-term, solar cars come out to be much less expensive. Over a period of 20 years, combined cost of solar component replacements and electricity charges amount to a total over BDT 2 lac, which is approximately 1/9th the total cost of operating a fuel-based car in Dhaka, considering the fuel cost, maintenance and annual inflation over the same duration.
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    Design of a solar powered LED street light: effect of panel's mounting angle and traffic sensing
    (© 2013 IEEE Computer Society, 2013) Ahmed, Sanjana; Zenan, Ahmed Hosne; Tasneem, Nisat; Rahman, Dr. Md. Mosaddequr
    In this work, the effect of mounting angle of solar panels and traffic sensing on the requirement of system size, i.e., panel size and battery capacity, for a solar powered street light system is investigated. Street lights need more energy in winter than in summer due to longer winter nights. However, for a solar powered system, less energy is available in winter with less intense sunlight and shorter days. The mounting angle of panels has a great impact on the cumulative energy output of the panels. Our investigation shows that while a mounting angle of 23.1° yields maximum energy collection in summer and minimum energy collection in winter, a mounting angle of 46.5° increases the energy collection in winter and yields more or less uniform energy collection throughout the year. Assuming a panel efficiency of 16%, an average cumulative energy output of 950 Wh/m2/day with about 5-8% variation throughout the year has been found with a mounting angle of 46.5°. This results in about 9% reduction in the panel size than that required with a mounting angle of 231°. Moreover, installing a traffic sensor in the lighting system will allow detection of traffic density, thereby operating the lamps at different intensity levels as per requirements. This will save energy wastage in time of low or no traffic and will further relax the requirement on system size.
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    Inclusion of slack bus in Newton Raphson load flow study
    (© 2014 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2014) Kabir, Shahriar Mahmud Lutful; Chowdhury, Abdul Hasib; Rahman, Dr. Md. Mosaddequr Abdur; Alam, Jahangir
    Load flow solution is an inevitable tool for power system planning and operation. Among various methods of load flow solution techniques Newton Raphson (N-R) and its derivatives are the most popular and widely used ones. In Newton Raphson method one of the generator buses is treated as slack bus which is kept out of calculation during iterations. This is because of the fact that the slack bus is to carry entire loss of the system and total loss cannot be calculated before the end of iterations. The exclusion of slack bus from the load flow iteration restricts many analyses to make. Consideration of distributed slack bus, load flow for Microgrids, study on minimization of system losses etc. cannot be performed when the slack bus is excluded from the iterations. This paper reports the development of a method of including slack bus into the Jacobians for N-R load flow study. The method involves formulating the loss equation and then devising the formula for the terms to be included with the elements of the Jacobian matrix. The modified N-R method is applied to all of the buses and the losses are calculated in each iteration and included with the slack bus. The results obtained using the modified method are compared with those using conventional method. The agreement of the results confirms the accuracy of the developments