Year 2022
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Item MANAGEMENT OF FUSARIUM WILT OF BRINJAL (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae) BY USING DIFFERENT ORGANIC AMENDMENTS(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2022) MAUYA, JANNATULA field experiment was conducted in the central farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University and lab experiment was conducted in the lab of Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from September 2021 to April, 2022. The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of selected treatments viz. T 0 = Control ; T 1 = Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) ; T 2 = Vermicompost ; T 3 = Poultry manure; T 4 = Biochar ; T 5 = Spent Mushroom Substrate + Biochar ; T 6 = Spent Mushroom Substrate + Poultry manure ; T 7 = Spent Mushroom Substrate + Vermicompost for the management of Fusarium wilt of brinjal. In response to different selected treatments, yield and yield attributes were recorded. On the basis of visible symptoms infected plants and percent disease incidence were also recorded. The lowest disease incidence was found in T 5 (Spent Mushroom Substrate + Biochar) followed by T 6 (Spent Mushroom Substrate + Poultry manure) and the highest disease incidence was found in T 0 . The effect of different treatments on yield and yield contributing characters also studied and significance variation was observed. For yield contributing characters the lowest result was found in untreated control T 0 and the highest result was found in T 5 which was statistically similar with T 6 .In response to different selected treatments for yield, the highest performances was observed where Spent Mushroom Substrate + Biochar was used. From the findings of the present study, it may be concluded that Spent Mushroom Substrate + Biochar and Spent Mushroom Substrate + Poultry manure can be used as ecofriendly approach for the management of fusarium wilt of brinjal. However, further investigation is needed to justify the present findings.Item MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF MYCOFLORA ASSOCIATED WITH SELECTED SPAWN SUBSTRATES AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD OF OYSTER MUSHROOM (Pleurotus florida)(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2022) TONU, RESHMA AKTERAn experiment was conducted to identify and characterize contaminants associated with the substrates of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus florida) based on morphological and molecular characteristics, to assess the degree of contamination of various oyster mushroom substrates and to determine the effect of mycoflora on the growth and yield-contributing traits of Pleurotus florida. Five different types of mushroom substrates, including rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, waste paper, grass (Cynodon dactylon) and banana leaves were used for this purpose. By morphological and molecular analysis, three fungi were isolated and identified from mushroom substrates. These were Exophiala spinifera, Trichoderma asperellum, and Rhizopus sp. Among these fungal isolates, the DNA sequence of Trichoderma asperellum and Exophiala spinifera were detected by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) with the help of NCBI. DNA sequence of Exophiala spinifera and Trichoderma asperellum were matched by 99.83% (ITS1) and 100% (ITS4)as well as 65.60% (ITS1) and 99.50% ( ITS4) with the nucleotide sequence of NCBI gene bank, respectively. Among the five mushroom substrates, waste paper showed the highest mycelium growth rate (0.48 cm), while banana leaves showed the lowest growth rate (0.41 cm). For mycelium running completion, sugarcane bagasse required the longest period of time (15.8 days), whereas waste paper required the shortest period of time (12.3 days). The maximum number of primordia (37.9), effective fruiting bodies (17.5), the highest biological yield (144.2 g), economical yield (113.3g) and biological efficiency (24.84%) per spawn packet were recorded from waste paper, while the minimum number of primordia (30.9), effective fruiting bodies (12), biological yield (119.7 g), economical yield (86.2 g) and biological efficiency (23.94%) were recorded in banana leaves. The maximum pileus diameter (5.03 cm) and stipe length (2.84 cm) were recorded from grass (Cynodon dactylon) whereas the minimum pileus diameter (3.61 cm) and stipe length (2.26 cm) were found in banana leaves. The maximum contamination severity was recorded in banana leaves (6.8%) whereas waste paper had the minimum level of contamination (0.4%). Among the selected substrates, waste paper showed the best performance in case of growth rate, mycelium running completion, yield and yield contributing characters.Item IN VITRO EVALUATION OF TEBUCONAZOLE ON Magnaporthe oryzae triticum TO CONTROL BLAST OF WHEAT: IN PROCESSES OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES GENERATION AND ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE RESPONSES(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2022) JERIN, JAFRIN JAHANBlast is an important disease of wheat that significantly reduces the plant growth and productivity. Proper management can ameliorate dysfunction in and improve the plant growth and productivity. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore the protective role of the tebuconazole fungicide in helping wheat seedlings to tolerate blast disease. Ten-day-old hydroponically grown seedlings were allowed to inoculation of Magnaporthe oryzae triticum (MoT) spore suspension and with the tebuconazole fungicides (0.3 g L −1 ) for the next six days. The inoculation of MoT spore suspension deteriorated the growth of the wheat seedlings by increasing the number of infected plant and leaf lesions. Among the varieties, lower blast symptom was observed in BARI Gom 33 (V2P) compared to BARI Gom 26 (V1P). The malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased by 102.80 and 163.96% in BARI Gom 26 and BARI Gom 33, respectively compared to control. Shoot and root electrolyte leakage also increased by MoT inoculation. Therefore, the level of H also increased that observed in histochemical detection. The infection of blast disease, relative water content decreased by 50.18 and 51.26% in BARI Gom 26 and BARI Gom 33, respectively compared to control plant. Photosynthetic pigment such as Chl a, Chl b, Chl (a+b), and carotenoid contents also reduced by blast infection. Thus the growth and biomass of wheat seedlings were decreased. However, tebuconazole fungicide reduced the oxidative damage by reducing MDA, electrolyte leakage, H 2 O 2 and O 2 •− production. Therefore, improved relative water content and photosynthetic pigments as well as improved the growth and biomass of wheat seedlings. These results indicate the exogenous application of tebuconazole fungicide is a promising approach to improve blast tolerance in wheat plants. Further investigation is needed under field conditions to determine the blast-tolerance induced by tebuconazole fungicide applicationItem MANAGEMENT OF ALTERNARIA LEAF SPOT OF CABBAGE THROUGH SELECTED FUNGICIDES, SPENT MUSHROOM SUBSTRATE AND THEIR COMBINATION(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2022) PATWARY, REAJ RAHMANAn field experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University for the management of Alternaria leaf spot of cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) through the combination of spent mushroom substrate and some selected fungicides during Rabi season (November, 2021 to March, 2022). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The experimental treatments were T 0 : Control (No treatment); T 1 : Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) @ 15 t ha -1 ; T 2 : Rovral 50 WP @ 2.0 ml/L of water; T 3 : Kurenox 50 WG @ 2.5 g/L of water; T 4 : Knowin 50 WP @ 20 g/L of water; T 5 : Mancer 75 WP @ 2g/L of water; T 6 : Spent mushroom substrate @ 15 t ha -1 + Rovral 50 WP @ 2.0 ml/L of water; T 7 : Spent mushroom substrate @ 15 t ha -1 + Mancer 75 WP @ 2g/L of water; T 8 : Spent mushroom substrate @ 15 t ha -1 + Kurenox 50 WG @ 2.5 g/L of water; T 9 : Spent mushroom substrate @ 15 t ha -1 + Knowin 50 WP @ 20 g/L of water. Treatment T 6 combined with soil amendment with spent mushroom substate followed by spraying with Rovral 50 wp (0.2%) at 7 days interval showed the best performances reducing leaf infection, plant infection head infection by 52.19 %, 47.49% and 100% respectively while the leaf infection, plant infection head infection respectively were 33.86%, 48.66% and 0.0% respectively. Treatment severity of plant by 35.97% while the severity index was recorded 19.94%. Treatment yielded the highest plant height (21.79cm), diameter of cabbage head (21.38 cm), weight of cabbage head (2.26kg plant) increasing the cabbage yield by 58.34% over control. As per the performances of the treatments against the disease, the efficacy were ranked as control ( T 0). T 6< T 9< T 2< T 8< T 4< T 6 reduces the T 3< T 6 also T 5< T 1 asItem DETECTION AND ESTIMATION OF BACTERIAL LOAD IN SELECTED LEAFY GREENS COLLECTED FROM DIVERSE MARKETPLACES OF DHAKA CITY IN BANGLADESH(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2022) FERDOUS, RAIHANA study was performed to detect the human pathogenic bacteria and to estimate the colony-forming units (CFU) and bacterial incidence from 3 selected leafy greens viz. coriander, lettuce, and mint leaves. The study was conducted in the MS Laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University during the period from July 2021 to June 2022. In total 27 samples were collected from 9 different marketplaces in Dhaka city. The bacteria were isolated by five-fold dilution from the stock solutions after being grown on NA media. Bacteria were identified by performing cultural, morphological, biochemical, and molecular studies. The biochemical tests were Gram-staining, KOH solubility, Oxidase, Catalase, Motility, Simmon’s citrate utilization, Casein hydrolysis, Starch hydrolysis, Gelatin liquefaction, Levan production tests, and the culture on selective and semi-selective media were EMB agar, SS agar, Cetrimide agar, and Bacillus cereus agar. In molecular analysis, the DNA samples were put through to PCR using universal primer 27F: AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTGAG and primer 1942R: CGGTTACCTTGTTACGAC TT that targeted the 16s rRNA gene at 1465 bp. Initially, Nine different bacterial genera viz. Bacillus, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Neisseria, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Shigella, Vibrio, and Staphylococcus were detected, and the incidence was 93%, 67%, 44%, 30%, 26%, 26%, 11%, 7%, and 7% respectively. A total of twelve bacteria have been identified from these nine genera viz, B. subtilis, B. velezensis, B. altitudinis, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Neisseria spp., K. pneumoniae, E. aerogenes, S. aureus, Vibrio spp., and Shigella spp. Among them, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. aerogenes, S. aureus, and Shigella sp. were detected as human pathogenic bacteria reported in several pieces of literature. The highest CFU was found in mint (4.27×10 9 /g) followed by lettuce (2.87×10 9 /g) and the lowest in coriander (2.43×10 9 /g). Considering marketplaces, the highest bacterial CFU was observed in the samples of roadside stand bazaars (5×10 9 /g) followed by local markets (2.7×10 /g), and the lowest was in supermarkets (1.9×10 9 /g). However, further advanced research is needed for the identification of undetected bacteria and to understand the specific conditions that lead to bacterial contamination in leafy greens.Item ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OF Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) THROUGH BARRIER CROPS AND COLORED PLASTIC MULCHES(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2022) WASEK, WARINAMungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is an excellent and easily digestible dietary source of plant protein. Mungbean yellow mosaic disease caused by Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) which is transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), an important constraint of mungbean cultivation. A field experiment was conducted at the central farm of Sher-eBangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka during March to June, 2021. The prime aim of the study was to manage the Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) by controlling the insect vectors using barrier crops (sesame, linseed, maize, coriander) and colored plastic mulches (red, blue, silvery-grey, black). BINA released variety BINAmoog-5 was used as a planting material in the experiment. Morphological and physiological parameters were all considerably impacted in this study. Disease incidence and percent disease index of MYMV was significantly varied among the treatments. The lowest disease incidence (5.35%, 8.95%, 17.91% per plot and 5.24%, 11.75%, 19.09% per plant at 30, 45 and 60 DAS, respectively) was estimated when maize was used as a barrier crop while the highest disease incidence (25.92%, 35.52%, 61.10% per plot and 27.66%, 34.15%, 59.72% per plant at 30, 45 and 60 DAS, respectively) was found in control treatment. In case of colored plastic mulches, the lowest disease incidence (8.56%, 14.35%, 23.91% per plot and 8.23%, 15.76% 24.70% per plant at 30, 45 and 60 DAS, respectively) was recorded when silvery-grey colored plastic mulch was used. The lowest percent disease index (5.55%, 13.39% and 20.16% at 30, 45 and 60 DAS, respectively) was also found when maize was used as a barrier crop. In case of colored plastic mulches the lowest percent disease index (7.42%, 17.97% and 26.70% at 30, 45 and 60 DAS, respectively) was computed when silvery-grey colored plastic mulch was used. Again, the highest percent disease index (28.14%, 37.71% and 64.08% at 30, 45 and 60 DAS, respectively) was found in control treatment. The highest chlorophyll content, number of flower, pod and yield was measured and counted when maize was used as a barrier crop and silvery- grey colored mulch was used as a colored plastic mulch. However, maize or silvery-grey colored plastic mulch uniquely or combindly can be used to control whitefly (vector) for the management of MYMV.Item EFFECTS OF PLANT EXTRACTS AND CULTURAL PRACTICES ON CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS (CMV) DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN SQUASH (Cucurbita pepo L.)(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2022) SARKER, TITHIAn experiment was set up at the field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University from December, 2020 to March 2021. The present study was aimed to evaluate effectiveness of several cultural practices viz. inter cropping by coriander, border cropping by wheat, black polythene mulch, reflective aluminum mulch and plant extracts viz. neem leaf, papaya leaf, mahogany bark for the management of viral disease of BARI squash 1. The virus in squash was detected through biological method and DAS-ELISA test. Most of the samples reacted positively against the antiserum of Cucumber mosaic virus. In response to different selected treatments against the viral disease, growth and growth contributing characters, yield and yield attributes of squash were recorded. Significant variations were found among different treatments against virus disease management in squash. Based on the last observation, it was found that viral infection varied from 22.22 % to 83.33% and 11.10% to 83.30% in terms of disease incidence and disease severity, respectively. Maximum prevalence (disease incidence 83.33% and disease severity 83.30%) was found in T 0 (Control) and minimum prevalence (disease incidence 22.22% and disease severity 11.10%) was observed in T 4 (Reflecting mulch) followed by T 5 (Neem leaf extract) (disease incidence 44.44% and disease severity 24.96%). The effect of different treatments on yield and yield contributing characters also showed significant variations among them, the highest yield (ton/ha) was found in T 4 (Reflecting mulch) followed by T 5 (Neem leaf extract) and the lowest yield (ton/ha) was found in T 0 (control). It was also found that the percent of disease incidence and severity were positively correlated with the number of insect vector. On the contrary, the yield (ton/ha) was negatively correlated with the value of percent disease incidence and severity and insect population in the field of squash. From the findings of the present study, it may be concluded that reflecting mulch (aluminum foil) and neem leaf extracts can be used as ecofriendly approaches for the management of viral disease of squash. However, further investigations are needed to justify the present findings to get more reliable result.Item EFFECT OF PLANT EXTRACTS AND CULTURAL PRACTICES ON CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS DISEASE OF CAPSICUM(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2022) AURIN, ISMAMThe present investigation was initiated to evaluate the effects of plant extracts (neem leaf extract, garlic bulb extract, mahogany bark extract) and cultural practices (aluminium foil as reflective mulch, coriander as intercrop, marigold as border crop) for the management of cucumber mosaic viral disease of capsicum. The experiment was carried out at the research field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University from November 2020 to April 2021. During the investigation, visual symptom observation and serological test, DAS-ELISA, confirmed that Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) had infected capsicum and various types of symptoms like a mosaic, shoestring leaf, vein banding and stunted growth were observed in the field. The highest CMV incidence and severity were found on T 0 (control), 75% and 45% respectively, whereas the lowest CMV incidence (8.33%) and severity (22.30%) was observed on T 4 (neem leaf extract). The tallest plants (35.75 cm) were found in T 5 (aluminium foil as reflective mulch) and the shortest plants were seen in T 0 (control), 30.33 cm. The maximum number of healthy leaves were observed in T 5 (aluminium foil as reflective mulch) whereas the lowest number healthy leaves were found in T 0 (control). The lowest infected leaves and minimum leaf area reduction (24.33%) was observed in T 4 (neem leaf extract) compared to T 0 (control). Yield attributes were highest in T 5 (aluminium foil as reflective mulch) which were the highest number of fruits per plant (13.33), heaviest fruits (62.10 g), highest fruit yield per plant (725.74 g), highest yield per plot (2.78 Kg), highest total yield (5.56 ton/ha) and lowest yield loss (17.68%) compared to T 0 (control). A significant decrease in the number of aphids per leaf was observed in T 4 (neem leaf extract) compared to T 0 (control) and other treatments. The correlation-regression analysis established that there was a positive correlation between CMV incidence and severity. Total yield negatively correlated with CMV incidence (%) and severity (%) with 74.2% and 95.7% yield reduction due to an increase of CMV incidence and severity, respectively.Item NVESTIGATION AND MEASUREMENT OF FIELD DISEASES OF SELECTED TROPICAL SUGARBEET AND BEETROOT(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2022) Akter, SoniaAn experiment was conducted for detection, identification and measurement of diseases of selected tropical sugarbeet and beetroot under natural field conditions at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from December 2020 to April 2021.Three different varieties of sugarbeet viz. KWS Allanya, KWS Serenada, KWS Gregoria and three different varieties of beetroot viz. Rokto, Beet King and Red Ball were used in this experiment. Sugarbeet varieties were collected from Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna and the beetroot varieties were collected from Siddiqbazar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The disease incidence and severity were recorded under natural condition at different Days after sowing (DAS). Yield and yield contributing characters of sugarbeet and beetroot plant were also recorded as the part of this study. Three fungal diseases were found in sugarbeet field namely Sclerotium root rot caused by Sclerotium roilfsii, Fusarium yellows caused by Fusarium oxysporum and Cercospora leaf spot caused by Cercospora beticola. However, two diseases were found in beetroot field namely Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata and leaf blight caused by Fusarium oxysporum. At 100 DAS the highest sclerotium root rot disease incidence was recorded in KWS Serenada (32.37%). At 105 DAS, the highest disease incidence of Fusarium yellows was recorded in KWS Gregoria (25.73%). At 105 DAS the highest disease incidence of Cercospora leaf spot was recorded in KWS Allanya (29.43%). Plant height varied from 29.53 cm to 61.87 cm. Number of leaves varied from 9.87 to 20.33. Whole plant weight varied from 1.50kg to1.73kg from the selected three variety of sugarbeet. At 95 DAS, the disease incidence of Alternaria leaf spot was counted where the highest disease incidence was recorded in Red Ball (30.23%). At 100 DAS, the highest disease incidence of leaf blight of beetroot was recorded in Beet King (21.57%). Plant height varied from 22.27 cm to 37.70 cm. Number of leaves varied from 8.40 to 15.67. Whole plant weight varied from 0.57 kg to 0.67 kg from the variety of beetroot. Depending on the disease incidence and severity, the major diseases of inspected sugarbeet and beetroot plants were; Sclerotium root rot, Fusarium yellows, Cercospora leaf spot, Alternaria leaf spot and leaf blight.Item EVALUATION OF SELECTED CULTURE MEDIA FOR GROWTH AND SPORULATION OF Alternaria ISOLATE CAUSING GREY BLIGHT DISEASE OF MUSTARD AND ITS MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2022) ETI, YOBAIDA AFRIN ARAMustard (Brassica spp.) is the most important oilseed crop in Bangladesh and Grey blight disease caused by Alternaria sp. is a major constraint causing severe yield loss every year. For the reason to study cultural, morphological and molecular characterization of the pathogen is very important. The experiment was conducted in the Molecular biology and plant virology laboratory, Department of plant pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207. For molecular characterization of the pathogen fungal DNA was extracted from the pure culture of Alternaria isolate and PCR amplification was done using the ITS primer which was designed to amplify at 700 bp. To study the growth and sporulation of Alternaria, 11 media were selected viz. T 1 = Dehydrated Potato Dextrose Agar (D-PDA) media, T 2 = Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media, T 3 = Corn Meal Agar (CoMA) media, T 4 = Potato Sucrose Agar (PSA) media, T 5 = Potato Glucose Agar (PGA) media , T 6 = Mustard Potato Dextrose Agar (MPDA) media, T 7 = Mustard Potato Sucrose Agar (MPSA) media, T 8 = Mustard Potato Glucose Agar (MPGA) media, T 9 = Cabbage Potato Dextrose Agar (CPDA) media, T 10 = Cabbage Potato Sucrose Agar (CPSA) media and T 11 = Cabbage Potato Glucose Agar (CPGA) media. From the study of the cultural and morphological characteristics, it was found that the highest radial mycelial growth was observed in CoMA media but spread very thinly. The best media selected for radial mycelial growth was D-PDA media from this study. In case of sporulation, MPGA media gave the highest spore concentration. From the molecular characterization study, the nucleotide sequence of Alternaria isolate had showed 99% similarities with the existing nucleotide sequences and closely related to Alternaria brassicicola that globally found in GenBank database.