Ph.D. Thesis
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Item DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ADVANCED GENERATIONS TO EVOLVE HIGH YIELDING VARIETIES OF JUTE (Corchorus olitorius L.)(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2021-11) Biswas, Sanjoy KumarSeveral experiments were conducted on Tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius L) at Jute Agricultural Experimental Station, Jagir, Manikgonj during 2015-2018. A total of 53 diverged genotypes were included to study on 11 characters like plant height (cm), base diameter (mm), green bark thickness (mm), leaf length (cm), leaf width ( mm), leaf angle (0), petiole length (cm), green weight with leaves (g), green weight without leaves (g), fibre weight (g) and stick weight (g) to create segregants from where outstanding advanced lines may evolve for the development new varieties. Significant variations were observed for all characters among the genotypes. Simultaneous consideration of high mean performance and high heritability showed by green bark thickness, green weight without leaves, plant height and base diameter are necessary to the breeders for improving Tossa jute through selection breeding. The fifty three genotypes were grouped into five clusters by D2 statistics which were confirmed through superimposing corresponding PCAs. The cluster III accommodated the highest number of genotypes (18) and cluster I included only three genotypes. Both upper and lower magnitudes of expression for characters like base diameter, plant height, green bark thickness and late flowering were considered to produce diversified segregants. Accordingly 8 parents, O-9897, O-795, JRO-524, Acc-2381, Acc-3423, Acc.-3438 Acc-3533 and Acc-3860 were selected simultaneous consideration of clustering and phenotypic acceptance for full diallel crossing program and 8 x 7=56 experimental hybrids were produced. On the way of evaluation, mean performances, correlation coefficients and path analysis of each character on fibre yield were estimated to assess the nature relation pertained among the characters. In general, genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than concurrent phenotypic correlation coefficients, indicated preponderance effects genetic makeup upon expression of the characters. Out of 8 parents, 4 parents Acc-2381, Acc 3423, Acc-3533 and Acc-3860 produced higher fibre weight but positive and significant GCAs were estimated for O-795, JRO-524 Acc-3533 and Acc-3860. Besides, consideration means and GCAs, two lines Acc-3533 and Acc-3860 also appeared as good combiners in both directions hybridization program. Reciprocal crosses apparently exhibited significant cytoplasmic gene effects to express the selected characters during field evaluation. Seven hybrid combinations from normal and another seven combinations from reciprocal crosses revealed significant and positive SCAs effects for fibre weight/plant. The positive and significant SCAs were resulted due to additive and non-additive interactions of the concerned alleles. The joint consideration of positive and significant GCAs and SCAs the crosses P2 x P6 (O-795 x Acc-3438), P2 x P7 (O-975 x Acc-3533), P3 x P4 (JRO-524 x Acc-2381), P3 x P5 (JRO-524 x Acc-3423), P7 x P8 (Acc-3533 x Acc-3860), P5 x P2 (Acc-3423 x O-975) , P6 x P3 (Acc-3438 x JRO-524), P7 x P5 ( Acc-3533 x Acc-3423, P8 x P2 (Acc-3860 x O-975) and P8 x P4 (Acc-3060 x Acc-2381) were outstanding for improving fibre yield potential in Tossa jute through cross breeding programs. From each of the F2 generation against a cross a total of 300 plants were initially selected and then variability parameters based 10% plants (30 plants) were selected to advance in next generation. The segregating populations derived from P8 x P4 (Acc-3060 x Acc-2381) and P3 x P4 (JRO-524 x Acc-2381) might produce superior segregants in advanced generation, therefore, the breeders may exploit the segregants to operate either pedigree or bulk method to evolve outstanding advanced lines of Tossa jute.Item STUDY ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCES AND SEMEN QUALITY OF ASEEL CHICKEN(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2023-01) PRAMANIK, Md. AHSAN HABIBAseel, Naked Neck, and Red Junglefowl are the most important chicken genetic resources in Bangladesh. However, due to the unconsciousness of the farmers, uncontrolled crossing with other indigenous chickens, lack of proper conservation programs these are close to extinction. To conserve the extinct species the various ways were adopted in developed countries. As the first initiative of in vitro conservation of the poultry genetic resources, the present study was undertaken with four different distinct experiments to know the productive and reproductive performance of Aseel chicken and to study semen quality, sperm motility, biokinetic characteristics, sperm cryo-survivability by pre-freezing addition of honey as the possible cryo-protectant. Semen quality and the effect of honey on semen cryopreservation were evaluated by measuring sperm motility and biokinetic parameters with Computer Semen Analysis (CASA). The Aseel, Naked Neck and Red Junglefowl chickens were reared in open sided house in semi-scavenging condition at the Advanced Avian Research Farm, HSTU, Dinajpur. The Aseel sperm were cryopreserved using different level of honey where Glycerol and DMSO were also used as the positive controls. Considering productive and reproductive characteristics of the Aseel chicken showed almost similar performances of other chicken genetic resources but in some cases Aseel performed better. The semen color obtained from Aseel cocks was creamy white and showed a normal appearance and proved the semen quality was normal. The volume of semen per ejaculation and the pH were almost similar to others’ semen. Sperm motility was also observed normal in relation to motility and progressive motility along with other biokinetic characteristics. Considering the motility and percentage of the progressively motile sperm, the semen samples might be stored for up to 2 hours in good condition for insemination. Pre-freezing addition of 3% honey showed the satisfactory results in maintaining cryo-survivability. The productive and reproductive characteristics did not vary in case of natural and artificial insemination with fresh and diluted semen. Moreover, the result showed that the addition of 3% honey in Ringer’s solution performed as a cryoprotective agent which may help to cryopreserve Aseel roosters’ semen as the native chicken genetic resource and revealed that honey might has the cryoprotective properties. Therefore, the study concluded that the pre-freezing addition of honey improved the cryo-survivability of Aseel’s sperm and suggested for in vitro conservation of chicken genetic resources available in Bangladesh.Item MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF HYBRIDS WITH THEIR PARENTS IN FINE RICE(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2014-02) Haque, Md. MonzurulTwenty five fine rice genotypes including thirteen non-aromatic and twelve aromatic cultivars were evaluated for fifteen quantitative characters to select the most yield enhancing characters as well as the diverged cultivars for hybridization. The mean performances and genetic parameters of the characters were separated through univariate analysis; the most yield promoting characters were selected by bivariate and multivariate analyses and desirable parents were selected by univariate and multivariate analyses. Though high heritability was estimated for most the characters but the highest genetic advance was estimated against spikelets/panicle (125.74). Effective tillers/hill, spikelets/panicle showed positive and significant, and plant height, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity showed negative and significant correlation coefficients with yield. Upon partitioning the total phenotypic correlation coefficients with yield, 1000-grain weight exerted the highest direct effect (0.84), followed by spikelets/panicle (0.67) and effective tillers/hill (0.61), therefore, these three characters appeared as the predominant yield accelerating characters in fine rice. A total of thirty selection indices were constructed based on five characters including yield and the highest relative efficiency of simultaneous selection was gained from I12345 (223.31%). Twenty five cultivars were grouped into six clusters by D2 statistics and six cultivars such as Kataribhog, Salna, Ranjit, Begunbichi, Chinigura and Kalozira were selected based on clustering as well as rank distribution of the cultivars. The selected parental lines were evaluated both in research and farmer’s fields to assess their tangible performance for the selected characters. The estimated yield gap between the research and the farmer’s fields was 0.86 t/ha. The selected cultivars produced significantly higher effective tillers/hill, spikelets/panicle and yield in the research field than that of farmer’s field. However, the potentiality of the segregants was predicted in the course of such comparison. It was initially aimed to develop fifteen experimental hybrids through a diallel model, but eight hybrids were finally produced from these six parental lines. The cytogenetical barrier against the failure of seven hybrids was investigated. The non remarkable karyotypic disharmony in the parents may not be the principal cause behind the failure of seven hybrids; other reasons like genetical, physiological and environmental factors may be responsible to create such partial hybridization failure that need to be further investigation. The eight hybrids were evaluated and their competence was measured by three criteria of heterosis. The aroma contents in the hybrids and their parents were compared. Out of eight hybrids, three were non-aromatic and five were aromatic, in which the highest aroma was assessed in the F1 of Kataribhog × Salna and F1 of Kataribhog × Chinigura, hence consideration of yield and aroma content these two hybrids may bring to obtain desirable segregants.Item GENETIC ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN PUMPKIN (Cucurbita moschata Duch. Ex. Poir)(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2015-04) GAZI, MD. MOHSINThe present research program was undertaken to study the genetic analysis of yield and yield contributing traits of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch. ex Poir.). All experiments were conducted at R & D Farm, Lal Teer Seed Limited, Gazipur, Bangladesh. The present study includes genetic diversity study, interrelationships among yield components, combining ability, heterosis, and heritability of yield and yield related traits. Direct and indirect effects of the traits to yield were also analyzed. Detailed gene actions were studied in selected four crosses for yield and yield contributing characters. The tested genotypes exhibited wide range of variation on different yield and yield components. Among twenty one genotypes of pumpkin, six performed better in respect of different yield components and quality characters. For all traits, genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was always smaller than phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV). Narrow differences between GCV and PCV and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance (GA) confirmed least environmental effects on fruit length, single fruit weight, brix content and yield per plant which offered better scope of selection for variety improvement program of pumpkin. Based on the degree of divergence among genotypes, the twenty one genotypes were grouped into six clusters. Out of these, six different divergent inbred parents (CM-20, CM-1, CM-5, BARI Mistikumra-1, CM-8 and CM-14) were selected using ranking on variance among genotypes within cluster for 6X6 diallel cross including reciprocals. Yield per plant, at phenotypic and genotypic level, was significantly and positively correlated with fruit length, fruit diameter, single fruit weight, flesh thickness, number of fruits per plant and 100-seed weight. These components had the maximum contribution towards total divergence. The direct effect of single fruit weight was very close to correlation value at phenotypic and genotypic level. Thus selection was done through single fruit weight and number of fruits per plant. Studies on interrelationships among yield and yield components revealed that genetic correlation coefficient was higher than corresponding phenotypic ones for all the characters studied, thereby establishing strong inherent relationships among them. Path coefficient analysis showed that single fruit weight had maximum direct effect on yield per plant followed by number of fruits per plant, days to female flower per plant, fruit diameter, number of seeds per fruit and number of female flowers per plant both at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Significant GCA variance was recorded for days to male and female flower opening, fruit length and diameter, single fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit, 100 seed weight, brix content and yield. Both additive and non-additive effects influenced the performance of the hybrid for all traits. Four parents (CM-1, BARI Mistikumra-1, CM-20 and CM-8) were found as good general combiners. Obtaining significantly higher and positive heterosis and expected negative effects for different important characters of pumpkin, two cross combinations namely, CM-1 X BARI Mistikumra-1 and CM-8 X CM-1 were identified as the promising hybrids commercial utilization. Thus, these two hybrids were approved and registered as Hajee F1 and Danesh F1 respectively by NSB, MOA of Bangladesh. Indigenous X Exotic crosses showed significant greater heterosis for yield and its components. Broad sense heritability of all the 13 characters was above 90% indicating high heritability since the expression of yield and its components were controlled by additive, dominance and different epistatic gene interactions which can be used in desirable direction for varietal improvement program of pumpkin.Item EFFECT OF IMPROVED FEEDING AND ARTIFICIAL BREEDING ON TURKEY (Meleagris gallopavo) PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2020-07)A baseline study investigated the major challenges faced by the farmers of Bangladesh were inadequate knowledge and skill on improved feeding and breeding in turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) production. As a result, farmers got low fertility (≤50%), hatchability (≤32%) growth performance and feed efficiency. On the basis of the baseline study, total four experiments were conducted to develop an innovative and cost effective technological package with improved feeding and artificial breeding for turkey farmers. All of the experiments were conducted at the Advanced Avian Research Farm of the Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Experimental birds were maintained under intensive system with similar management. The experiments were conducted under completely randomized design (CRD), and data were analyzed by one way ANOVA. The 1st experiment was carried out to test the hypothesis that a certain percent of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) could be used to replace expensive concentrate feed for economic turkey production. Live weight gain (22 g/d), feed efficiency (3.18) and profitability (76.80%) was resulted significantly (P<0.01) better in the group of turkey where 25% concentrate feed was replaced by Napier grass. The 2nd experiment investigated the utilization of maize and sesbania sprouted hydroponic fodder for economic turkey production. Higher live weight gain (21 g/d), the best feed efficiency (4.03) and profitability (55.31%) were observed in the group of turkeys fed hydroponic fodder in combination with maize (80%) and sesbania (20%) by replacing 10% concentrate feed. The 3rd experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of turkeys. The results revealed that 1–2% dietary yeast would be used as a natural growth promoter for turkey production. The 4th experiment was conducted to compare the efficiency of reproductive performance of turkey hen bred by natural mating and artificial insemination using fresh as well as chilled semen. Natural mating was performed by maintaining male-female ratio as ♂:♀=1:4, where artificial insemination was applied using fresh semen (0.02 ml/hen) and chilled semen (0.20 ml/hen). Significantly (P<0.01) highest fertility (89.71%) was obtained when the turkey hens were inseminated with fresh semen compared to chilled semen (60.77%) and even though natural mating (59.21%). Profitability (111.81%) was also highest (P<0.05) in the turkey hens inseminated by fresh semen. Finally, the study concluded that turkey production was at infantile stage, which needed more support. Napier grass, hydroponic fodder in combination with maize and sesbania, and yeast would be used for better growth performance. Artificial insemination with fresh semen could be promoted for better fertility to develop a profitable and sustainable turkey farming in Bangladesh.Item SELECTION OF EARLY GENOTYPES BY BIOMETRICAL AND MOLECULAR TOOLS TO IMPROVE FIBER YIELD IN UPLAND COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum L.)(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2025-12) JUI, SOHANACotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a major fiber crop but contributing minimum to our GDP. However, productivity remains limited due to long crop duration (6-7 months) and low yield of cultivated varieties. Therefore, this study aimed to identify early-boll picking with high quality fiber yield potential genotypes through integrated biometrical and molecular approaches. Three experiments were conducted from July 2021 to December 2023 at Cotton Research, Training and Seed Multiplication Farm, Sadarpur, Dinajpur started with 100 and ended to 12 upland cotton genotypes comprising released varieties, elite breeding lines, local cultivars, a mutant variety, and advanced lines. In the first experiment, genotypes JA-11/L, BC-0025, BC-0033, BC-0027, RA-2, and BC-0024 showed superior yield and early performance. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was shown by boll number, boll weight, and seed cotton yield. Correlation and path analyses identified sympodial branches, bolls per plant, and single boll weight as key yield determinants. Cluster and principal component analyses grouped the genotypes into eight distinct clusters, with the first five principal components explaining 73.09% of total variation. The second experiment evaluated 45 selected genotypes for earliness and productivity. Genotypes RA-2, BC-0027, BC-0491, BC 0510, and BC-0512 combined early maturity with high yield and outperformed standard checks. The third experiment assessed 12 promising genotypes for morphological, fiber quality traits and molecular profiling. Significant variation was detected in plant height, flowering time, bolls per plant, fiber yield, and earliness index. Fiber quality parameters like upper half mean length, strength, micronaire, and reflectance varied significantly. The genotype BC-0491 and BC-0510 exhibited superior fiber attributes. Molecular characterization using 20 SSR markers identified nine polymorphic markers generating 26 alleles. Markers MGHES16 and NAU3736 showed high polymorphic information content. STRUCTURE and UPGMA analyses revealed two major genetic clusters, confirming genetic distinctness among the selected genotypes. Overall, integration of morphological, fiber, and molecular analyses identified the genotypes RA-2, BC-0027, BC-0491, BC-0510, and BC-0512 as promising parental lines for developing early maturing, high-yielding cotton varieties with improved fiber quality suitable for Bangladesh.Item SELECTION OF PARENTS FOR HYBRID VARIETY DEVELOPMENT IN TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2021-11) CHOWDHURY, ABU ZAFAR MD. KHORSHED ALAMThe present research program was conducted to study for selecting potential parents to develop hybrid varieties in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). All experiments were conducted at Getco Research and Development (R&D) farm, Atwari, Panchagar. Significant variations were observed in all the 12 traits under study. Fruit yield per plant has significant positive correlation with days to first fruit harvest and number of fruits per plant at phenotypic and genotypic level but based on path analysis, for yield per plant improvement, selection through number of fruits per plant will be effective. Line × Tester analysis was used to select potential parents utilizing general combining ability and per se performance. Five important traits namely Fruit length, fruit diameter, single fruit weight, number of fruits per plant anf fruit yield per plant were considered for this study. Based on the findings of overall ranking of genotypes, GCA and mean, the parents viz. AVTO-1009, AVTO-1130, AVTO-1008, AVTO-1173, TMM and TM-045 were selected from the Line × Tester analysis. These six different parents from 24 genotypes based on GCA and per se performance on combined ranking were used for (6 × 6) diallel analysis. Eleven traits namely days to first flowering, 50% flowering, first harvest, plant height, harvest duration, Fruit length, fruit diameter, single fruit weight, number of fruits per plant shelf life and fruit yield per plant. All the six parents have significant general combining ability in most of the traits and crosses AVTO-1173 × TM-045, AVTO-1009 × AVTO-1173, TMM × TM-045 and TM-045 × AVTO-1009 had at least one good general combiner for parents and had high SCA and reciprocal effects. Broad sense heritability noted highest for days to first harvest, plant height, harvest duration and number of fruits per plant suggesting directional selection could be effective for desired genetic improvement. High heterosis for mid parent heterosis, heterobeltosis and standard heterosis over check variety Mintoo Super and SCA effects for yield and yield contributing traits were significant positive performance for yield and yield components, shelf life and earliness four hybrids viz. TMM × TM-045, AVTO-1173 × TM-045, AVTO-1009 × AVTO-1173 and TM-045 × AVTO-1009 were found to be the heterotic and identified as the promising. Based on the phenotypic traits, consumer preferences, shelf life, market trends, stress tolerance and regional trials two hybrids (TMM × TM-045 and AVTO-1009 × AVTO-1173) among the selected four promising hybrids. Tomato breeding in private sector of Bangladesh, normally parents are randomly selected for hybrid development, but Line × Tester analysis can play an important role in selecting parent for hybrid variety development.Item GENETIC ANALYSIS OF PARENTS FOR HYBRID VARIETY DEVELOPMENT IN BITTER GOURD (Momordica charantia L.)(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2021-11) AHAMED, FARRUKThe research program was undertaken to study the genetic analysis of parents for identifying the best cross combination to develop hybrid variety in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.). All experiments were conducted at R & D Farm, Lal Teer Seed Limited, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among 27 tested inbred lines, 25 used as parents and 2 used as testers, for all the characters. The genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was smaller than corresponding phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV). Narrow differences between GCV and PCV and high heritability coupled with high genetic advance (GA) were observed for first female flower opening, number of fruits per plant, single fruit weight, fruit length, number of seeds per fruit and yield per plant. It was observed that the magnitude of genotypic correlations was higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlations coefficients between various pairs of characters. Correlation analysis revealed that yield per plant, at phenotypic and genotypic level, was significantly and positively correlated with single fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, fruit length and fruit diameter. Path coefficient analysis showed that single fruit weight had maximum direct effect on yield per plant followed by number of fruits per plant, days at phenotypic and genotypic levels. The heritability in broad sense was ranges from 66.63 to 93.52 % for all the characters. Out of 27 lines, seven diverse inbred lines were selected based on combined ranking value of general combining ability (GCA) from Line x Tester analysis and mean performance. Finally, the parents BT-1, BT-4, BT-7, BT-13, BT-15, BT-18 and BT-19 were selected for 7x7 diallel crossing program. Based on diallel analysis, significant GCA was recorded for days to first female flower opening, fruit length and diameter, single fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, 100-seed weight and yield per plant. Four parents (BT-07, BT-15, BT-18 and BT-19) were selected as good general combiners. Heterosis was studied with standard check variety (Tia) and two cross combinations namely, BT-15 X BT-07 and BT-18 X BT-19 showed better performance having good market value and they were registered as the name of HSTU-1 (Registration number: 1(27)/293/ 2020) and HSTU-2 (Registration number: 1(27)/294/ 2020), respectively from National Seed Board (NSB) under Ministry of Agriculture for commercial cultivation in entire Bangladesh. In this experiment, line x tester analysis plays significant role in selecting parents for hybrid. Parents are selected randomly in vegetable for hybrid variety development in public and private sector in Bangladesh but line x tester analysis utilizes genetic background and this method can be utilized in systemic manner for parent selection of hybrid variety development.Item COMBINING ABILITY AND STABILITY ANALYSIS IN OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2022-01) DASH, PALLAB KANTAThe experiments were conducted at Research and Development Farm under Metal Agro Limited, Nagarchanti, Debigonj, Panchagarh during the period from August, 2014 to March, 2017 on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). The investigation began with fifty genotypes for preliminary evaluation and identification of fruit yield contributing characters. After biometrical analyses for means, correlations and cause and effect, fruit yield per plant, four characters viz. plant height at 100 days, fruit length (cm), fruit weight (g) and number of fruits per plant, appeared as the most effective characters to increase fruit yield per plant but among the characters, fruit length showed considerable heritability (h2 b=53.30%), therefore, except this character, other three characters might improve through only selection breeding. The fifty genotypes were grouped into six clusters by D2 statistics and the genotypes collected from different sources were included in the same cluster or in different clusters, suggested migration of okra genotypes were depended upon humans settled in different regions of the world. Seven parents were selected on the basis of mean values and positive and significant GCAs and then twenty one experimental hybrids were produced from these in half diallel fashion. Out of seven parents, P3, P5 and P6 accessions showed positive and significant GCAs for fruit yield per plant. Moreover, these three accessions were separately distributed in three different clusters, and these accessions found to be excellent general combiners for the development of okra hybrids. From the set of twenty one experimental hybrids, thirteen hybrids exhibited positive and significant SCAs for fruit yield per plant but on the basis of mean performances and positive and significant SCAs. Three combinations such as P3 * P7, P2 * P4 and P5 * P6 were outstanding for increasing fruit yield in okra. The Vr-Wr graphs on thirteen characters were constructed to reveal additive, dominant, over dominant, epistatic and complementary gene interactions. No non-allelic gene interaction was observed for fruit yield per plant. Heterosis was estimated over better parent, mid parent and two check varieties, Check-1 (Green Finger) and Check-2 (BARI Darosh-1) for thirteen characters. Fruit yield per plant in three crosses showed highly significant heterosis over two check varieties. Response and stability of eight hybrids were evaluated through Eberhart and Russel model. The experimental hybrids were evaluated in four different environments viz.E1=kharif 1of 2015, E2=Kharif 1 of 2016. E3=Kharif 2 of 2016 and E4= Kharif 1 of 2017. The environmental indices revealed that E1=Kharif 1 of 2015 was the most favorable environment and E3=Kharif 2 of 2016 was the worst environment for the evaluating hybrids. The phenotypic index of the hybrid showed that, P6 (1203) * P7 (1205) with fruit yield 540.72 g/plant followed by the P5 (1189) * P7 (1205) with 469.08 g/plant and P5 (1189) * P6 (1203) with 448.18 g/plant exhibited outstanding in performance across the four Kharif seasons in between 2015 to 2017. However, the stability parameters (bi and s2di) of these three hybrids were also reasonable. Therefore, these three hybrids may be advanced with a view to release new okra hybrid varieties. Furthermore, it is suggested that Kharif 1 (March–June) is the suitable season for cultivation of okra in our country.Item DEVELOPMENT OF AROMATIC FINE RICE (Oryza sativa L.) GENOTYPES FOR BANGLADESH(Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur-5200, Bangladesh, 2022-01) HOSSAIN, MD. MOZAFFORAt the beginning of the investigation 32 F4 lines derived from eight crosses including six aromatic fine rice varieties as parents were received from the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, HSTU, Dinajpur. The field experiments were conducted at Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The unit plot size was 3m x 2m and spacing was 20 cm x 20cm in every experiment. Field data were recorded on plant height (cm), productive tillers/hill, panicle length (cm), fertile grains/panicle, sterile grains/panicle, panicle weight (g), sterility percentage, lodging percentage, 1000-grain weight (g), days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, harvest index and grain yield/hill (g). Broad sense high heritabilities (h2b) were measured for all the characters except productive tillers/hill and genetic advances of the characters were in general low which suggest both additive and non-additive interactions of genes were envolved upon the expression of the characters. Genotypic and phenotypic associations among the characters were in same direction and panicle weight, 1000-grain weight and harvest index showed positive and significant correlation, whereas plant height, panicle length and sterility percentage were negatively associated with grain yield/hill. Hence, short stature plants to resist lodging with high spikelet fertility must be considered during selection. Thousand grain weight extorted maximum positive direct effect (0.843) followed by fertile grains/panicle (0.361), plant height and sterility percentage exercised maximum negative direct effects (-0.821) and (-0.965), respectively to build up association with grain yield. The negative direct effects of these two characters were not counter balanced by other grain yield enhancing characters. Therfore, panicle weight, 1000-grain weight and harvest index were the important characters for improving yield potential. Upon measuring the response to selection from F4 to F5, plant height, sterile grains/panicle, sterility percentage, panicle length and days to maturity exhibited negative direction, but high realized heritabilities were estimated for productive tillers/hill, grain yield/hill and harvest index. So, the latter three characters had high realized heritability might consider during advancing the generation. The thirty-two advanced lines (F4) were grouped into five clusters following Mahalanobis‘s D2 statistics and principal component analysis (PCA). Considering grain yield potential, aroma assessed from green leaves and powder grain and clustering pattern with cluster means, ten lines of F6 (PL1, PL2, PL12, PL13, PL15, PL16, PL17, PL22, PL24 and PL26) were forwarded to assess performance in three locations. Overall, the Plant Breeding Research Farm, HSTU, Dinajpur projected the highest environmental index (1.397), suggests superior to BADC Seed Multiplication Farms Nilphamari and Faridpur. Applying Eberhart and Russell model along with GGE biplot analysis, the stability and sensitivity of the advanced lines were evaluated over the three locations. The highest grain yield/hill was obtained from PL13 (18.85 gm/hill) followed by PL16 with 18.10 g/hill and Pl1 with 16.12 g/hill and both the lines had regression coefficients (bi) closed to unity and deviation from regression (s2di) very near to zero, suggest average stable with considerable yield potential across the three locations. The aroma contents in F5 and F6 were assessed by the sensory method with the help of a six members panel. The highest aroma contents were assessed in the lines, PL1 (Kalozira x Kataribgog) and PL13 (Kataribhog x Chinigura) from cooked rice. While other cooking qualities were considered, PL13 exhibited the maximum cooked rice expansion (5.87cm) and PL6 had resulted the minimum semi-liquid starch (348ml) during cooking. Therefore, considering all findings the advanced lines PL1 and PL13 appeared outstanding both for grain yield and aroma content, and the line PL16 was stable with average yield potential over three locations. Therefore, the advanced lines PL1, PL13 and PL16 (F6) might be forwarded for further utilization in aromatic rice breeding in the country.