Year 2006
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Item EFFECT OF MANUAL SEED SORTING, SEED SOLARIZATION AND SEED TREATMENT WITH VITAVAX AND HOT WATER ON LEAF SPOT (Bipo/arls sorokiniana) AND GRAIN YIELD OF WHEAT(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2006) MD. ZOBAER, ABU SAYEDIn vitro and in vivo experiment were carried out to determine the effect of manual seed sorting, seed solarization and seed treatment with Vitavax and hot water on leaf spot (Bipolar is sorokiniana) and grain yield of wheat during the period from November-200S to April, 2006 at the farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. The experiment was laid out in the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, The highest reduction of incidence of seed-borne Bipolaris sorokiniana was obtained by manually sorted healthy looking seeds treated with Vitavax-200 (T4). Significant reduction of incidence of same fungus was achieved by treating seeds with hot' water and solar heat. Treatment of apparently healthy seed with Vitavax-200 (0.4%) was found best in reducing the leaf infection, increasing seed germination and increased seed yield which was followed by treatment of unclean seeds with Vitavax-200 (0.4%). Out of four physical seed treatment methods, solar heat treatment of apparently healthy seeds was found to be the best in reducing leaf infection, increasing seed germination and seed yield. Apparently healthy seed treated with hot water increased seed germination, seed yield and also reduced the leaf infection. Apparently healthy seeds showed more or less similar performances to that of apparently healthy seed treated with hot water. The rest of the treatments have some remarkable effect in controlling the disease and increasing seed yield of wheat.Item ROLE OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL (AM) FUNGI ON GROWTH AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF SOME LEGUMES(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2006) ALAM, MD. SAIFULA pot experiment was conducted in the net house of the Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural Unive~lty, Dhal?a during the period from May 2006 to December 2006 with a view to study the role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ~i\M) fungi on growth and nutrient uptobe of some legumes. A positive growth responseto AM was observed in all the selected legumes. The seedling emergence, plant height, shoot length and root length of inoculated legumes were comparatively higher then that of uninoculated control. The mycorrhizal inoculation suppressedroot rot, damping off and leaf blight disease of BARI Mungbean and suppressedroot rot, damping off, leaf blight and leaf spot disease of Lentil and ChicRpea. The inoculated plants showed early flowering and fruiting in comparison to uninoculated control. Mycorrhizal root colonization differed among the crops ranging from 20.00 to 49.75% and mycorrhizal dependency varied from 8.85 to 55.22%. Increasednutrient (N, P, K, $, 8 and Zn) uptal?e was recorded with the inoculated plants. Among the inoculated legumes comparatively higher N, P and K nutrient uptal?e was observed in Pigeonpea, Cowpea and ChicRpea respectively; where as S in Pigeonpea, B in Cowpea and Zn in Soybean.Item VARIETAL REACTION OF LEAF BLIGHT OF WHEAT CAUSED BY Bipolaris sorokiniana(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2006) LAlLA, LUTFUN NAHERSubsequently three experiments were conducted in the Seed Pathology Laboratory, net house and experimental field of Sher-e BangIa Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from October 2005 to April 2006 to study the varietal reaction of leaf b1ight of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana. The wheat seeds of varieties Sonalika, Kanchan, Barkat, Shatabdi, Aghrani, Pavon- 76, Akbar, Gourab, Sourav and Protiva were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARl), Gazipur. In laboratory experiment the maximum number of conidia/seed (320) was recoded for the variety Sonalika and minimum number of conidia/seed (100) was recorded in variety Shatabdi. Maximum lesion length (11.67 em) on inoculated root was recorded from the variety Sonalika. No lesion i.e. infection (0.00 em) was recorded in the varieties Shatabdi and Akbar. In blotter test maximum germination (92.00%) was recorded in the variety Shatabdi, Sourab and Agrani and minimum (72.00%) was recorded in the variety Sonalika. Maximum (37%) incidence of seed borne Bipolaris sorokiniana was recorded in the variety SonaIika and minimum (17%) in Shatabdi, At panicle initiation stage, flowering stage, milking stage and hard dough stage minimum disease severity was recorded in the variety Shatabdi and maximum in the variety SonaJika. The highest grain yield/pot (5.97 g) was recorded in the variety Gourab. In the field maximum disease severity in all the counting periods was recorded in the variety Sonalika and minimum in the variety Shatabdi. The highest number of healthy spikelets/ear (26.77), number of grains/ear (38.66), number of healthy grains/ear (37.41) and IOOO-seedweight (42.12 g) were recorded in the variety Shatabdi. The highest grain yield/plot (391.77 g) was recorded in the variety Shatabdi and the lowest yield/plot (183.08 g) was recorded in the variety Aghrani.Item SCREENING OF EGGPLANT AGAINST WILT DISEASE(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2006) RAHMAN, MD. ASHRAFURAn experiment was conducted in the Field of SAU (Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University) farm allotted for the Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka to screen out the resistant cultivars of eggplant against wilt disease. Eight cultivars viz. Nayantara, Singhnath, Dhundul, Kazla, Marich Begun Luffa, Kata Begun and Uttara were used as treatments. At 55 days after transplanting (DA T) the cultivar Luffa exhibit the highest bacterial wilt incidence (800/0) and the lowest wilt incidence was recorded in the cultivar Kata Begun (30%). At 90 OAT the highest Fusarium and Nemic wilt incidence was recorded in the cultivar Luffa and the lowest wilt incidences were recorded in the cultivar Kata Begun. The highest shoot height was recorded in the cultivar Kata Begun and the lowest shoot height was recorded in the cultivar Singhnath. The highest gall number was recorded in the cultivar Luffa and the lowest gal1 number was recorded in the cultivar Kata Begun. The highest yield per hectare (29.84 t/ha) was recorded in the cultivar Nayantara and the lowest yield (10.50 t/ha) was recorded in the cultivar Dhundhul, Among the cultivars Kata Begun graded as resistant for both Bacterial, Fungal and Nemic wilt.Item MANAGEMENT OF ROOT-KNOT DISEASE OF BRINJAL CAUSED BY Meloidogyne spp.(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2006) 26154/00451A field experiment was conducted for the management of root-knot of brinjal with nematicides Furadan 5G (@ 12g1plot), neem product neembicidin (@ 5 mIlL water), and organic. soil amendment poultry refuse (@ 2 kg/plot) either singly or in different combination. It was observed that application of the treatments neembicidin, poultry refuse and combination of Furadan 5G combined with poultry refuse reduced root-knot nematods population, gall index and improved plant growth of brinjal. Among the treatments poultry refuse combined with Furadan 5G appeared to be the best. Neembicidin and poultry refuse individually did not cause satisfactory improvement of plant growth. Significantly higher yield (1.5 t/ha) was found under the treatment T4 (Furadan and poultry r.efuse). But the treatment T4 resulted statistically similar effect to that of treatment T7 (Furadan 5G, poultry refuse, neembicidin) in reducing gall and increasing yield of brinjal over control. By correlation and regression study it has been found that the galling incidence hampered the crop growth in terms of shoot and root length along with fresh and dry root weight.Item STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION AMONG Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizoctonia oryzae AND Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae CAUSING SHEATH DISEASES OF RICE(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2006) RAHMAN, MD. AKHERURExperiments were conducted both in laboratory and experimental field of Plant Pathology Division of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Oazipur during Boro season, 2005-2006, to find out the interaction among the three Rhizoctona species namely, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizoctonia oryzae and Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae. In laboratory condition, the interaction between Rhizoctonia species was observed in dual culture and found that the radial growth of R. solani was always higher than the growth of R. oryzae and R. oryzae-sativae. But the radial growth of R. oryzae or R. oryzae-sativae was more or less similar. In R. solani versus R. oryzae and R. so/ani versus R. oryzae-sativae interactions, R. so/ani fused with R. oryzae or R. oryzae-sativae within 24 hours and was slightly overlapping on R. oryzae and R. oryzae-sativae, respectively at 96 hours. Both R. oryzae and R. oryzae-sativae were comparatively slow growing fungi. R. oryzae fused with R. oryzae-sativae at 96 hours but no overlapping was recorded within this period. In interactions, R. solani versus R. oryzae and R. solani versus R. oryzae sativae, the colony growth ratios (COR) of R. solani over R. oryzae and R. oryzae sativae were higher compared to control at 72 and 96 hrs after inoculation indicating positive antagonistic effect on R. oryzae and R. oryzae sativae. R. oryzae sativae did not show any antagonistic effect on R. oryzae. In field experiment, % relative lesion height (RLH) and % infected tiller were significantly differed among the combination of R. solani, R. oryzae and R. oryzae-sativae or either of two or each alone. The % RLH and % infected tiller in sheath blight were higher in R. solani only. In case of aggregate sheath spot, 0/0 RLH and infected tiller were also higher in R. oryzae-sativae alone compared to mixed with both R. solani and R. OIJ1zae or any of them. Similar trend ·was followed in sheath spot disease. The highest percentage of RLH and infected tiller were found at maturity followed by hard dough and flowering stage. Inoculation of three pathogens, R. solani, R. oryzae and R. oryzae sativae alone evidenced the highest disease severity and incidence compared to combination of three or any of two pathogens in three-growth stages (flowering, hard dough and maturity). The severity and incidence of each disease were inhibited very slightly by the inocula mixed with three or two pathogens. No significant yield losses was observed in combination of three pathogens or mixed with two or each alone. Among the three diseases, the higher % of yield losses (13.86-18.93 %) occurred when R. solani inoculated alone or mixed with both of R. oryzae sativae and R. oryzae or any of them.Item MANAGEMENT OF ROOT KNOT OF BANANA SEEDLINGS WITH BIOAGENT, ORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENT, CHEMICAL AND THEIR COMBINATIONS(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2006) SADAT, MD.ABUA pot experiment was conducted for the management of root knot nematode infected tissue cultured banana seedlings with nernaticides Rugby lOG (@ 7.5 gm / plant) and Furadan 5G (@ 15 gm / plant), a neem product Neembicidin (@ 5 ml / L water), a cyst forming bacterial bio control agent Pasteuria penetrans (250 mg or 10,000 spores / plant), and a organic soil amendment Poultry Refuse (@ 2.5 kg / plant either singly or in different combination. Each pot was filled with 8 kg of soil. Six months after the investigation, it was observed that application of the treatments Neembicidin, Poultry Refuse and combination of Rugby lOG, Furadan 5G combined with Poultry Refuse reduced root knot nematodes population, gall index and improved plant growth of banana. Among the treatments poultry refuse combined with Furadan 5G appeared to be the best. Neembicidin and poultry refuse individually did not cause satisfactory improvement of plant growth.Item MANAGEMENT OF SCAB AND DIE-BACK OF CITRUS (Citrus limon L.) THROUGH BIOAGENT, PLANT.EXTRACTS AND FUNGICIDES(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2006) ALAM, MD. MAHFUZA research work was conducted on the standing citrus plant raised at .. citrus orchard in Sher-e-Bangla Agricultura1 University, Dhaka, during the period from May to September 2005 to investigate . the effect of bioagent, plant extracts and fungicides in controlling the scab and die back of citrus. One bioagent (Trichoderma harzianum T22), three plant extracts viz. Bishkatali (Polygonum hydropiper), Garlic (Allium sativum) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) and five fungicides viz. Dithane M-45 (0.3%), RidQmil MZ·72 (0.2%), Bavistin 50 WP (0.1%), .Champion 77 WP (0.25%) and Bordeaux mixture (1%) were applied for controlling scab and die back of citrus. The highest reduction of the scab severity (PDI) was performed by Champion 77 WP (72.72% leaf scab and 83.98% fruit scab) followed by, Bishkatali (67.54% and 79.99%), Bordeaux mixture (66.26%, and 72.01%) and Trichoderma harzianum T22(62.36% and 63.34%). The highest reduction of die-back severity (PDI) was resulted by Dithane M-45 (73.46%) fallowed by Neem extract (67.34%), Bordeaux mixture (59.19%) and Trichoderma harzianum T22 . (57.67%).Thus, the Champion 77 we (0.25%) could be used for controlling scab of citrus while Dithane M-45 (0.3%) for die-back .and ' Bordeaux mixture for both scab and die-back of citrus.Item MANAGEMENT· OF FUSARIUM AND NEMIC WILTS OF TOMATO BY GRAFTING, SOIL AMENDMENT, CHEMICALS AND BIO-AGENT(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2006) HOSSAIN, MD. BELALEfficacy of eight selected treatments viz. Grafting (Ti), Furadan 5G (T2), Bavistin (T3), Cupravit (T4), Trichoderma harzianum (Ts), Sawdust (T6), Khudepana (T7) and Control (T8) were assessed against Fusarium . oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici and Meloidogyne incognita for management of wilt diseases of tomato during winter season of 2005-2006 at the farm, allotted for the Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAO), Dhaka. Significant differences were observed among the treatments in terms of wilt incidence, root gall incidence, plant growth and fruit yield. Application of Sawdust (T6), Furadan 5G (Ts) arid Grafting (Ti) showed the highest effect against the wilt pathogens where no wilt and gall incidence were observed even at 85 days after transplanting. The plant growth was influenced ahd fruit yield were increased by 206.67%, 115.12% and 103.66%, respectively for Sawdust (T6), Grafting (TI) and Furadan 5G (T2) over control. Bavistin (T3), Trichoderma harzianum (Ts) and Khudepana (T7) also gave better performance against the disease, while Cupravit (T4) showed least performance in comparison to control. Cost analysis showed that Sawdust resulted the highest BCR (8.57) followed by grafting (7.65) and Furadan 5G (7.16).Item EFFICACY OF FUNGICIDES IN CONTROLLING LEAF BLIGHT OF WHEAT CAUSED BY Bipolaris sorokiniana(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2006) ZAMAL, MD. SHAHAn experiment was carried out to determine the comparative efficacy of Vitavax-200 as seed treating chemical; Tilt-250 EC, Bavistin and Pencozeb as foliar spray in controlling leaf blight of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana under field conditions. The single effect of Vitavax-200, Tilt250 EC, Bavistin and Pencozeb were found less effective than that of combined effect of Vitavax-200 with Tih-2S0 EC. Vitavax-200 with Pencozeb and Vitavax-200 with Bavistin. The effect of seed treatment with Vitavax- 200 followed by subsequent three foliar sprays with Tilt-250 EC (Ts) has been found significantly more effective than the other single and combined effects in reducing leaf blight severity of wheat. Maximum grain yield 4.05 t/ha was found under the treatment Ts (Vitavax-200 with three sprays of Tilt-250 EC) which increased grain yield by 44.64% over untreated control. The treatment T7 resulted statistically similar effect to that of treatment Ts (Vitavax-200 with two sprays of Tilt-250 EC) in reducing leafblight severity and increasing grain yield of wheat over control.