2012

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An Investigation of Diaphragm Rupturing Phenomena for Generation of Shock Wave in the Shock Tube
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Hussain, Shohag; Waseek, Ishfaque
Shock Wave generation in shock tube now a days very important for Shock Wave study in different fields. For educational purpose the student must visualize what is Shock Wave and it’s properties but it is not possible for them to study shock wave outside every time so shock tube is used to study shock tube. On the other hand shock wave is so important for different Chemical study so in laboratory they need shock wave which is only possible by shock tube. In Pharmaceutical field Shock Wave is used very frequently. In medical field Shock Wave becoming very important, in different treatment shock wave is used which was not possible without shock wave. Such as Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive treatment of kidney stones (urinary calculosis) and biliary calculi (stones in the gallbladder or in the liver) using an acoustic pulse. In metallurgy shock wave also used i.e. Shock hardening is a process used to strengthen metals and alloys, wherein a shock wave produces atomic-scale defects in the material's crystalline structure. There are also many applications. So for creating Shock Wave in shock we must produce supersonic flow in the shock tube. For this the pressure at the driven section must be high enough to create a supersonic air flow. Without high pressure larger MACH number is not possible which is more desirable in shock wave formation. In Shock Tube the Diaphragm is the main element which takes the pressure during shock wave generation, so Diaphragm should be much stronger to withstand this much pressure in the driven section of the shock tube. If the Diaphragm dose not capable of holding much pressure which is needed to generate shock then the shock tube experiment will be in vain. So for the proper shock wave creation we must select the Diaphragm suitably and also economically.
Automotive Hybrid Vehicle System or Hybrid Automobile
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Merfaq, Hemyar Ahmed Saleh; Yusuf, Abdulmalik Muhammad
An increasingly diverse set of hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) is now available in North America. The recent generation of HEVs have higher fuel consumption, are heavier, and are significantly more powerful than the first generation of HEVs. We compare HEVs for sale in the United States in 2007 to equivalent conventional vehicles and determine how vehicle weight and system power affects fuel consumption within each vehicle set. We find that heavier and more powerful hybrid-electric vehicles are eroding the fuel consumption benefit of this technology. Nonetheless, the weight penalty for fuel consumption in HEVs is significantly lower than in equivalent conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). A 100 kg change in vehicle weight increases fuel consumption by 0.7 l/100 km in ICEVs compared with 0.4 l/100 km in HEVs. When the HEVs are compared with their ICEV counterparts in an equivalence model that differentiates between cars and sports-utility vehicles, the average fuel consumption benefit was 2.7 l/100 km. This analysis further reveals that a HEV which is 100 kg heavier than an identical ICEV would have a fuel consumption penalty of 0.15 l/100 km. Likewise, an increase in the HEV's power by 10 kW results in a fuel consumption penalty of 0.27 l/100 km.
CFD analysis of Thermal Comfort & Contaminant removal from a typical Hospital Operation Theater
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Alam, Tousif Bin
This Thesis paper presents CFD analysis of Thermal Comfort & Contaminant removal from a typical Hospital Operation Theater. This is a three dimensional analysis. The operation theater model includes a patient lying on an operating table, four surgical staff members standing around, and surgical lights above the patient. Cold clean air is supplied to the room through high sidewall grilles and exhausted through low sidewall grilles on the opposite wall. Steady state heat and mass transfer in the room are simulated by employing computational fluid dynamics modeling approach. Solutions of the distribution of airflow velocity, temperature, pressure, relative humidity, and contaminant concentration are presented and discussed. The predicted mean vote (PMV) is calculated for assessing thermal comfort of the occupants. The contaminant removal effectiveness (CRE) and the mean contaminant concentration in the breathing zone are used to assess the ventilation performance of the room. Effects of horizontal locations of supply and exhaust grilles on thermal comfort and contaminant removal are explored. Regression models for thermal comfort and contaminant removal as functions of these locations are built for design optimization. It is found that an overall better performance can be achieved by placing the supply grilles closer to the vertical centerline of the wall while the location of the exhaust grilles is somewhat insignificant.
Comparison of Performance of a 500 Watt Refrigeration System With One Compressor and Three Refrigerants
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Sakib, Nazmus; Azam, Rakib-Ul-
Currently in Bangladesh, most low capacity refrigerant systems (below 1 ton refrigerating effect) use R-12 compressors with R-12 refrigerant fluid. But with the global policy changes of phasing out R-12, these systems need to be replaced. However, changing compressors to fit the replacing fluid is a costly process. This paper finds out whether R-22 and R-134a are suitable for use with R-12 compressors and by comparative analysis determine which one is the best replacement for the systems.
Construction and Mechanism of a Humanoid Robot leg
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Al-Azad, Zubair; Sami, Swad-Us-; Chowdhury, Faiyaz; Chowdhury, Muhammad Faisal Uddin
This thesis describes designs of the robot-leg mechanisms, hardware and the leg control methods for walking machines. The body of knowledge that applies to mobile wheeled robots is quite well developed. However, autonomous walking vehicles are still relatively new, and the body of knowledge concerning their development is not as well defined. The difficulty factor in building a legged robot is also considerably higher than that for a wheeled robot. Physical-based control using center of mass, center of pressure, and foot placement is used to enable a simulated twelve -degree of freedom, seven-link, three-dimensional bipedal robot to lean sideways, pick up its foot and start walking on a flat surface. Energy analysis is used to compel the same simulated robot to do a side-to-side rocking motion and eventually come to a stop. If the robot is pushed hard enough, it will raise its leg that is in the air in the frontal plane to prevent itself from falling. Center of mass and center of pressure analysis is used to enable the same robot to balance on one foot and stand.
Designing a Single Passenger Car: a three-wheeler
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Barrie, Alusine; Aziz, Mohammed Abdo
The world automobile industry had experienced near constant growth through to the mid-1980’s. The transition from horse carriages to automobiles brought about uncertainty over the development of the product during the industry’s infant years. As the automobile evolved, demand for automobiles soared at different points in time throughout the world. However, as the price of gasoline continues to climb and the consequences of unabated gas consumption become direr, the benefits of alternatives to single passenger car transport are becoming more obvious. Aside from reducing their carbon footprints, commuters who utilize alternative transports also save money and regain time lost concentrating on driving by utilizing the many different services available. Furthermore, those who are either too old to drive safely or are disabled may specifically benefit from SPV - Single passenger vehicle. With skyrocketed fuel prices, we need a more efficient mode of transportation. The SPV is the future vehicle. It has high mpg and low cost. With three wheels instead of four it is like a hybrid of an automobile and a motorcycle. The aptera is an example of three wheel SPV (single passenger vehicle) and it gets 330mpg.
Determination of the Optimum Phenomena of Universal Refrigeration System & Development of A Testing Bench to Measure Cooling Load of A/C System
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Asad, Yasin Bin; Shovon, Kaisar Mahmud; Shah, Quazi Md. Zobaer
Air conditioning and refrigeration definitely belong in the most important engineering achievements of the 20th century. Both technologies make the lives of others far more comfortable and enjoyable. In our project, we have focused on analyzing the optimum phenomena of the universal refrigeration system, which have helped us to find and understand the characteristics of the refrigeration system by Coefficient of performance. Based on our experience, we have also developed a design of a testing bench to find the cooling load of the air conditioning system. We have done all of our works in the Refrigeration and air conditioning lab of Islamic University of Technology (IUT).
Development of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Based Electro Active Polymer Nano Composite & Its Potential Application As Solid State Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Mahbub, Md. Zakaria
Organic solar cell research has developed during the past 30 years, but especially in the last decade it has attracted scientific and economic interest triggered by a rapid increase in power conversion efficiencies. This revolution was achieved by the introduction of new techniques, new and improved materials, engineering skills and more sophisticated device structures. Today, solar power conversion efficiencies in excess of 4% have been accomplished with several device concepts. Though efficiencies of these thin-film and other organic devices have not yet reached those of their inorganic counterparts (≈ 10–20%). The perspective of cheap production drives the development of organic photovoltaic devices further in a dynamic way. There are two important production techniques that are usually used either wet solution processing or dry thermal evaporation of the organic constituents. Now days, a lot of research in dye sensitized solar cell are going on all over the world. The field of organic solar cells profited well from the development of light-emitting diodes based on similar technologies, which have entered the market recently. We have tried to design and fabricate a solar cell with titanium dioxide (TiO2 as an electron acceptor) and natural dye (red amaranth x Abstract III as low cost electron donor) incorporated with carboxymethyl celluoise (CMC) Nano composite film. Thus, we have shown and compare all the electrical properties (current-voltage, resistance-conductivity, and voltage-resistance), mechanical properties (Hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break), optical properties (UV-visible spectroscopy) and morphological properties (top & rear side of the Nano composite film).
Development of The Capsule Orientation Mechanism of an Automatic Capsule Filling Machine
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Khan, Towhid Alam
In the automatic Capsule filling machine Vacuum is used to separate the cap and body of a capsule before inserting the formulation into the body part of the capsule. This Vacuum pump consumes a very high amount of power. My goal was to eliminate this vacuum pump from the Automatic capsule filling machine to decrease the net power consumption of this machine. If I eliminate the vacuum pump from the design then I have to rectify the caps and body separately before filling. That is why I have designed and built a rectifier which will rectify the body of a capsule before filling. My rectifier block can rectify one body at a time. Though it can successfully rectify bodies, but there remains an ample room for further development (for example-multiple rectifications at the same time, reducing the size and weight of the block, and speeding up the process)
Effect of Scouring Around Bridge Piers
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Enam, Samin
A series of relatively recent bridge failures due to pier scour, as reported in literature, has rekindled interest in furthering our understanding of the scour process and for developing improved ways of protecting bridges against scour. Moreover, increased attention is being given to the state of Bangladeshi infrastructure, a major aspect of which is the transportation network. In part, there is concern about both the impact of a failure on the handling of traffic flow while the failure is being remedied and on the cost of replacing the failed system component. As such, attention is being given to the scour design of new bridges and to the inspection, maintenance and management of existing bridge structures. The two major countermeasure techniques employed for preventing or minimizing local scour at bridge piers are increased scour resistance and flow alteration. In the former case, the objective is to combat the erosive action of the scour-inducing mechanisms using hard engineering materials or physical barriers such as rock riprap. In the latter case, the objective is to either inhibit the formation of the scour-inducing mechanisms or to cause the scour to be shifted away from the immediate vicinity of the pier. This research focuses on a particular application of the latter technique together with the view to improving bridge performances against scouring. In this study, the use of collars for reducing the effects of local scour at a bridge pier is presented together with the time aspect of the scour development. The adoption of a collar is based on the concept that its existence will sufficiently inhibit and/or deflect the local scour mechanisms so as to reduce the local scour immediately adjacent to the pier. The overall objective of the research is to study the temporal development of the scour for a pier fitted with a collar and a pier without a collar. More specifically, the objectives are: i) to study the causes of scouring around bridge piers, their types and threats it imposes on bridges and overall structures; ii) to identify pier shape that responses best in order to minimize scouring effect; iii) to find out the relationship of scouring depth with flow velocity, discharge, depth of flow; iv) to find out parameters on which scouring depth depends and develop a relationship with scour depth for changes in the parameters; v)to find out an alternative measure which might reduce suction around bridge piers, which are primarily responsible for scouring.
Electro-Magnetic Suspesion System for Vehicles
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Rahman, Kazi Moshiur
A conceptual model of electro-magnetic suspension system is presented. The goal is to provide better performance and smooth operation than the conventional one. Two electro-magnets are used to use the repulsive force to withstand and suspend the vehicle and riders loads. The system is set up on the basis of simple magnetic principal that same poles repeal each other while opposite poles attract each other. Two electro-magnets have been set up facing same poles. They were allowed to slide up and down along a guide. Electricity has been supplied to the electromagnets to magnetize them. While being magnetized, they tend to repel each other. Then, measured small cumulative masses have been added on top of the upper magnet. By doing this, maximum force generated by the electromagnets has been measured. The force generated is also measured by Simulation tool ANSYS. Then both the experimental results and simulated results have been compared.
Fabrication of a Quadrocopter
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Abedin, Ahmed Afif Bin; Shuvo, Md. Jobayer Hossain; Khan, Abir
This paper presents a quadrocopter helicopter as a prototype platform usable for research and education. Apart from the description fabrication hardware and controlling software, we discuss several issues regarding drone equipment, abilities and performanc e. We show, how to perform basic tasks of position stabilization, object following and autonomous navigation. Moreover, we demonstrate the drone ability to act as an external navigation system for a formation of mobile robots. To further demonstrate the dr one utility for robotic research and using in daily basis, we describe experiments in which the drone has been used.
Fabrication of Micro Heat Pipes of Different Diameter for Cooling of a Desktop Computer Processor
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Chowdhury, A.M.Sufian
The experimental observations stated here is on the basis of heat transfer performance of parallel micro heat pipes (PMHPs) of different diameters (ID of 2mm & 3mm) taking Acetone as a working fluid that can be used for the cooling of desktop processor. The system incorporates of six single, equivalent distance & parallel copper micro heat pipes, without wick, slotted into two copper blocks at the evaporation section. Adiabatic section is bended at an angle of 90° and the condenser section is provided with ten parallel & equivalent distance copper sheets perpendicular to the PMHPs used as external fins. Heat transfer characteristics of PMHPs are determined by conducting the experiment using different diameters with Acetone as a working fluid. A GI sheet of 9X4 inch is heated up using an electric heater and the heat pipes are set up of that sheet. Temperature of the GI sheet and different parts of the heat pipes are taken at an interval of one minute and therefore analyzed the experimental data to evaluate the performance of the heat pipe. The experimental results are compared and it is found that the heat pipes of ID 2mm with the working fluid Acetone can reduce the temperature of the sheet better than the heat pipes of ID 3mm.
Improvement of Machinability Responses of Mild Steel During Electromagnet Assisted Turning Process
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Noor, Shafi
This project aims to investigate the effects of magnetic field applied in different orientation on the machinability responses of mild steel during turning operation. The machinability responses include tool wear, surface roughness, cutting force, temperature, chip morphology. A control experiment was also done where no magnetic field is applied at all. The result showed significant reduction in the tool wear of the inserts with the application of magnetic fields. Not only non magnetic cutting shows the trend of increasing tool wear with the increase in cutting speed or depth of cut, trends can also be seen in case of magnetic cutting. It was also observed that the trends in the change in tool wear due to the application of magnetic field changes with different designs of electromagnets used to change the orientation of magnetic field lines. And explanation for this phenomenon is that there are several factors responsible for the tool wear during machining operation and these can be affected by different orientation of magnetic field lines. These include cutting force reduction due to e.m.f. induced as a result of magnetic flux lines intersecting with the work piece, reduction of vibration of the tool, high temperature resulting in softening of the work piece, building up a lubricating layer on the cutting edge of the tool insert. All the electromagnets do not result in the improvement of machinability responses in the similar way. They vary with the change in cutting parameters. The project is successful in establishing an improvement in tool life with the application of magnetic field on the tool insert during turning. The quality of the finished product along with the productivity play a significant role in today‟s manufacturing market. From customers‟ viewpoint quality is very important because the extent of quality of the produced item influences the degree of satisfaction of the consumers during usage of the product. Every manufacturing industry aims at producing a large number of products within relatively lesser time. But it is felt that reduction in manufacturing time may cause severe quality loss. However application of magnetic field can result in the surface 6 quality of the product conditioned by the cutting parameter. The surface quality during magnetic cutting is significantly improved than that obtained from non magnetic cutting. The orientation of field lines also has some impact on the surface quality which is mainly because of the chip adhering to the tool during cutting operation. Behavior of chips indicate the vibration nature of the machine and the tool. Chips produced during cutting operation have some teeth in its cross section which have been viewed with microscope to find out the effect of these electromagnets on the serration behavior. Here also it is clearly shown that the teeth produced during magnetic cutting are smaller in size whereas they are much bigger for non magnetic cutting. This phenomenon indicates that application of external electromagnetic force reduces the vibration of the machine tool. Temperature and cutting force are related with each other. Reduction of cutting force during magnetic cutting occurs due to the induced emf by the magnetic field lines intersecting with the work piece. Since an emf is induced there will be an eddy current over the surface of the work piece. This increases the temperature of the work piece and the tool insert. Having difficulties in measuring the temperature of the work piece, we have measured the temperature of the insert near the cutting junction with the aid of a thermocouple. When the emf is induced, according to Lenz‟s law there will be a back emf which will oppose the change in the flux that produces it. This has the result of inducing a force on the work piece that has a damping effect, as can be seen from the reduction of cutting forces.
Microcontroller Based Temperature Sensor and Data Logger
(2012-11-15) Uddin, Kazi Ahsan; Arafat, Yeasir
The average temperature during summer season in Bangladesh is quite high. The food industries & houses are exposed to excess heating not only due to the cooking temperature but also by cooking appliances and there‟s always problem of high atmospheric temperature. Moreover, the kitchens are not designed or positioned in proper manner. The sole idea of this project is to help create an efficient temperature measuring and acquisition system for domestic and industrial spaces and to know about the temperature at different times. The acquired data can later be utilized to design these areas with proper maintenance for optimum thermal comfort. With the progress of technology, the processes are getting more and more complex. Due to this increase in complexity, for efficient analysis of process the number ofparameters needed for data acquisition also increases. Data Acquisition is simply thecollection of information about a system or process. It is the process of gathering data in an automated fashion from analog and digital measurement sources such as sensors and devices under test. Before the computer age, most data was recorded manually or on strip chart recorders. Many new generation data acquisition systems have been designed due to emergence of microcontroller that enables real-time gathering, analysis, logging and viewing of data. To fulfill these requirements the need for an improved, efficient and up to date data logger is increasing day by day. In this thesis, a data logger for specific application has been designed. Data loggers have an on-board memory that is large enough to hold data that is recorded over a longer period of time. Data loggers are provided with real time clocks to record the date and time of acquisition. The system works on the famous atmega16 microcontroller of AVR family. The system is designed and developed to measure the temperature with the help of temperature sensors and the result is showed and stored in a computer device. During the testing, it is verified that there is continuous and correct acquisition of data. It is also verified that the data is sequentially stored in memory. The focus of design is on portability and low power consumption for battery operated applications.
Numerical Investigation of Natural Convection in a Cube filled with Nanofluid
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Rifat, S. M.
In this project, natural convective heat transfer in a partitioned cube utilizing nanofluids is studied. The vertical left and right walls are considered as the hot and cold walls, respectively and the partitions assumed to be adiabatic. The nanofluid used in this study is Al2O3 with the volume fraction of 20%. It is assumed that nanofluid is a single phase fluid. CFX and FLUENT 12.1.2 is used to simulate the problem. The influence of different parameters such as Rayleigh’s number (Ra=105 and 107), height of partition (h=0.1, 0.3, 0.5) at a fixed distance from the walls are studied. According to the results, Rayleigh’s number and height of the partition are important factors that extremely affect the streamlines and isotherms. At Ra=107, the flow is confined in the distance between walls and partitions. Furthermore, at high partitions, the isotherms are horizontal between two partitions. For a fixed amount of the partition height, Nusselt number increases as the Rayleigh number rises. On the other hand, for a fixed Rayleigh, with the increasing partition height, Nusselt number decreases along the hot wall.
Prediction and Optimization of Surface Roughness by Desirability Analysis
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Ullah, S M Tawfiq; Khan, Ragib Ishraq; Rahman, Md. Mahfujur
This project deals with the prediction and optimization of surface roughness by desirability approach. There are some machining parameters that have significant effects on the surface of a metal and cause surface roughness. Now a days, it is a big concern to reduce the surface roughness for various machining operation by changing the value of machining parameters like feed rate, cutting speed etc. Here, in this project there were observations of rough surface at different feed and cutting speed. However, a CNC drilling machine can have different operation along with drilling. Obviously, there is roughness in the machined surface of a drilled hole. In this project there an effort has been made to develop a mathematical model of a CNC drilling machine for reducing surface roughness as much as possible. For getting the optimum values of machining parameters, “Desirability approach” and “ANOVA” were applied. Also there was an application of image processing to evaluate the circularity as it varies widely with the change of machining parameters. However, there is a successful prediction of surface roughness and the optimum cutting condition is found out. And this investigation to reduce roughness by producing a mathematical model for a CNC drilling machine is proved to be very much accurate by experimental validation which might be reference for further investigation on surface roughness for another operating conditions .
Preventive maintenance of automobile
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Elgrashi, Abdalla; Hussein, Abdulraqeb; Nur, Muhamad Hussein
Prospect of solar irrigation system over conventiona l irrigation system
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Matin, Md.Abdullah Al
Bangladesh is a third world country with less economic growth. About 36% (Rahimafrooz) of GDP and 64% (Rahimafrooz)of its employment comes from agriculture. But our agricultural history is declining due to lack of irrigation facility .At the same time the existing irrigation facilities cost the government a huge amount of subsidy every year. So it’s a high time that we find an alternative way of irrigation so that our subsidy is reduced as well as people get water throughout the year. And gives birth to our project. In our project, we will be analyzing the feasibility of solar irrigation system for surface irrigation in the context of Bangladesh. Our main goal is to identify if the existing diesel run STW can be replaced by solar irrigation pump or not. RETScreen software has been used for the analysis.
Review of Renewable Energy Projects in Bangladesh
(Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering (MPE),Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2012-11-15) Daiyan, Md. Mahir Abdud; Ahmad, Al-Rafin
Energy is one of the basic needs of the present human civilization. Without energy a nation can not be developed. All the developed countries in the world have the adequate power generation. But in the developing and third world countries like Bangladesh is facing the deficiency of power generation which is a big barrier in the overall development of this country. The main source of energy in Bangladesh is natural gas. Due to continuous use of this source it is likely to be depleted by the year 2020. As natural resources are limited we can think of renewable energy resources which are abundant in our country.