MIST International Journal of Science and Technology (MIJST)
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Item A Neural Network Based Software Defect Prediction Approach Using SMOTE and Noise Filtering-CLNI(Research and Development Wing, MIST, 2025-12-30) Ashfaque, Ahmmed Bin; Sattar, Abdus; Jahan, Hosney; Akhtaruzzaman, M.; Nur, Fernaz NarinSoftware defects can cause significant loss and system failures in software development life cycle. Software Defect Prediction (SDP) is a vital step for ensuring the quality of software. Till now, a number of machine learning models have been proposed to predict potential defects and make the software more reliable. However, SDP models suffer from the problem of imbalanced dataset, resulting in poor prediction accuracy. To mitigate this, issue several data balancing techniques, i.e., over sampling, under sampling etc. have been proposed to balance the dataset. In some cases, the data balancing methods may further introduce noisy and mislabeled samples in the dataset. To deal with these issues, in this paper, we propose a neural network based approach that combines the oversampling technique Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) with the noise filtering technique Class Level Noise Identification (CLNI). Here, we applied three different CLNI methods which are Edited Nearest Neighbor (ENN), Repeated ENN (RENN) and All-KNN. Our aim is to make the dataset clean, balanced and efficient by combining SMOTE with CLNI. In addition, we applied a number of feature selection methods to identify the most important features, further contributing towards achieving better prediction accuracy. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model, we conduct experiments on several benchmark datasets (MC1, PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4) obtained from NASA MDP and (ML, LC and JDT) AEEEM repository. The experimental results have been evaluated and compared in terms of accuracy, precision, recall and AUC-ROC curve. The experimental results demonstrated that our proposed approach has achieved up to 98% accuracy and outperformed state-of- the-art approaches.Item The Dera Heterotopia: Meaning of Home for the Hijra Community(Research and Development Wing, MIST, 2025-12-30) Sameen, S.; Hossain, A. R.; Jerin, F.; Shreya, S.; Anjum, S. A.; Mumtarin, A.; Tabassum, T.The hijra community, representative of third gender individuals, is one of the most deprived communities in Bangladesh. Not conforming to traditional gender binary identities, they do not embrace the conventional notion of family and home. In this context, the study is exploratory research that delves into the realm of hijras, observing their relationship with their dwelling spaces and seeking how they negotiate the meaning of home. By examining hijra dwellings called deras, it aims to understand the dynamics of the hijra lifestyle and ultimately uphold their lived experiences against a dehumanized image of them in the context of Dhaka. For this purpose, the study employs a qualitative approach, drawing on everyday narratives gathered through interviews, group discussions, and observations. Applying Rapoport’s framework for linking the built environment with culture and lifestyle, the paper uncovers the meanings of dera at three levels: at the lower level, it finds that dera provides everyday shelter and a new purpose to these outcasts against the hostile world. At mid-level, the deras become a locus of fostering social relations and a spatial manifestation of hijra existence. And finally, the higher-level meanings reveal a constant juxtaposition of loss and belonging, colourful appearances with feelings of estrangement, and initiation of hijra life with the constant desire for a normal one, making dera a ‘heterotopic space’ a manifestation of the otherness, as per Foucault’s concept of another place. The findings of the paper deepen our understanding of how individuals navigate the oppression of stigma and marginality while actively shaping and transforming their identities in adverse circumstances. It uncovers important relationships between (marginal) community and (housing) environment that can contribute to potential future research within the discourse of spatial justice. The study, by upholding marginal voices of hijra population around everyday space, advocates for their right to the city.Item Power Consumption Analysis of UAVs with Varying Payloads for Next Generation Wireless Networks(Research and Development Wing, MIST, 2025-12-30) Ahmed, Saif; Islam Emon, NimulUnmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are emerging as an important component for enhancing the coverage and capacity of next generation wireless networks. However, the use of UAVs is challenging because of crucial power management. The power management becomes more sophisticated for rotary-wing UAVs, the most commonly used ones, which require more energy as payload and flight actions increase. The current study investigates the energy consumption of UAVs with varied payloads during hovering and moving operations. The effects of payloads such as cameras, sensors, GPS modules, communication systems, and flight controllers on UAV power consumption are investigated in this study. It is very much necessary to comprehend these energy dynamics for optimal UAV design and maximizing operational effectiveness. Key findings show how payload configuration and flying conditions affect energy requirements. Two regression-based empirical mathematical models for hovering and moving conditions representing the relationship between the power consumption of UAV and its weight with payloads are proposed. This rigorous analysis of power consumption of UAV provides valuable insights into optimizing UAV design and operation in next-generation wireless networks. The findings of the work, including the proposed mathematical models, are expected to help researchers and engineers develop more energy- efficient UAVs, resulting in extended flight periods and improved operational reliability.Item Impact of Inverter Control and Solar Photovoltaic Integration on Small Signal Stability Augmented with Battery: Modal Analysis Approach(Research and Development Wing, MIST, 2025-12-30) Hasan, Md. Mahadi; Hasan Emon, Md. Imranul; Monir, Hasan; Kabir, Md AhsanThe increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, particularly solar photovoltaic (PV), poses significant challenges to grid stability due to the reduction in system inertia. This paper evaluates three inverter control strategies—𝑽𝒂𝒄 − 𝚽, 𝑽𝒂𝒄 − 𝐏, and 𝑷 − 𝑸 —using modal analysis and participation matrix evaluation to identify the most effective approach for enhancing small signal stability. Among these, the 𝑷 − 𝑸 control strategy emerges as the best-performing technique, with a notable eigenvalue improvement from −𝟎. 𝟔𝟐 + 𝟗. 𝟔𝟎𝟕𝒊 (𝑽𝒂𝒄 − 𝚽) to −𝟏𝟒. 𝟕𝟗 + 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟖𝒊, achieving an exceptionally high damping ratio of 0.998. The participation matrix analysis highlights the dominance of active power control in stabilizing critical modes, further validating the superior performance of 𝑷 − 𝑸 control. Moreover, the impact of solar PV has been demonstrated and enhancement of system stability utilizing Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) has been shown in this paper.Item Visual Assessment and Genetic Distance Analysis of Gamma- Irradiated Lemon Leaf Mutants Developed Using the Leaf-Cut Method(Research and Development Wing, MIST, 2025-12-30) Afnan, Jawata; Azad, Moriom; Rahman, Mokhlesur; Sarkar, Md ShaheenIonizing radiation, particularly gamma rays, is widely used to induce genetic mutations for improving morphological traits and enhancing genetic diversity in plants. In citrus plants, such mutations can be achieved by irradiating leaves and propagating the resulting mutants through vegetative methods. This study was conducted at the BINA research farm with the objective of developing Citrus limon mutants using gamma radiation and analyzing their morphological characteristics through visual inspection, alongside genetic diversity assessment using hierarchical clustering. A total of 400 fresh leaves were collected from the mother plant (BINA Lebu-1) and exposed to different doses of gamma radiation (0, 60, 80, and 100 Gy), divided into four treatment batches. The irradiated samples were planted in unit plots following a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Root and shoot development were monitored visually after 3 to 4 months. Maximum root length was observed at 100 Gy, the highest root quantity at 60 Gy, and the highest success rate at 80 Gy. After 7–8 months, mature plants were further assessed, and leaves were collected for genomic analysis. Genetic relationships among the different treatment groups were evaluated using a Dendrogram generated through simple hierarchical clustering. The results indicated clear genetic dissimilarities between irradiated (60, 80, and 100 Gy) and non-irradiated (0 Gy) plants, with the 100 Gy group showing the greatest genetic distance from the others. Due to time constraints, fruit production could not be observed. Nonetheless, the study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining visual inspection and genetic distance analysis in evaluating gamma-induced citrus mutants developed via the leaf-cut method.Item Decentralized LRM System Architecture with Biometric Authentication and Digital Certificate Verification through Blockchain Technology(Research and Development Wing, MIST, 2025-12-30) Mosharrof, Shakil; Nizami, Farhan Nasif; Mohtasim, Mahdi; Adib, Mahdi; Akhtaruzzaman, M.; Islam, Md Shofiqul; Rahman, Muhammad Towfiqur; Jahan, HosneyManaging land records is a fundamental duty of a government, ensuring the accuracy, consistency, integrity of ownership, and reliable transaction of data. Conventional paper-based or centralized digital technology-based land record systems are unable to hold the system trust, efficiency, and consistency, thus mostly demonstrate errors, fraud, and corruptions. On the other hand, blockchain technology presents a transformative solution. It offers transparent, tamper-proof, secure, and reliable approach for Land Record Management (LRM) system. In this study a blockchaindriven LRM system architecture with distributed ledger technology is presented. The proposed strategy enhances security and trust by ensuring transparency, acceptance, and accountability. The study also designs the smart-contracts algorithm in detail that facilitates land registration, ownership transfers, verification, and streamlining processes. The proposed architecture ensures automated functionalities with little human intervention, uplifting the system security. Moreover, the proposed blockchain architecture integrates finger-print biometric authentication that boosts the system strength in terms of security through identity verification. This mitigates the risks of errors, fraud, illegal modification, and unauthorized access. This article outlines a blockchain-based LRM framework and verified through implementation and testing, reflecting the potentiality of viable adoption of this advanced technology.Item Numerical Investigation for Flexural Response of Stainless-Steel Reinforced Concrete Beams(Research and Development Wing, MIST, 2025-12-30) Tabassum, Nusrat; Al-Moneim, Abdullah; Razu, Said; Ahmed, Aziz; Ahmed, Khondaker SakilStainless steel (SS) is becoming increasingly popular as reinforcement across the globe, owing to its superior mechanical and durability properties. This study numerically investigates the flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced with stainless steel. Primarily, the experimental results are validated by developing 3D finite element (FE) models with stainless steel rebars, considering the actual test data. In the modelling process, 8-node brick element for concrete and 2-node beam element for reinforcement were employed in the finite element model. The numerical results are presented in terms of load displacement response, yield, and ultimate capacity with respective deformation, ductility, etc. The numerical results depicted reasonably good precision in predicting the load deformation response and ultimate load of the concrete beam reinforced with stainless-steel. The models have been regenerated for concrete beams with conventional mild steel to investigate the comparative behaviour in terms of significant changes in their load-carrying capacity and the corresponding ultimate deformation. Results revealed that the peak loads remained approximately the same for 30 MPa and 40 MPa concrete strengths, although the stainless-steel reinforced beams showed greater deformability and ductility. In addition, a parametric study of reinforced concrete beam models consisting of Grade 201 stainless steel rebars and 60-grade mild steel rebars with varying concrete grades of 30 MPa, 40 MPa, and 50 MPa was also performed to inspect their influence on the initial stiffness, ductility, and ultimate load-carrying capability of the concrete beams. The numerical response rendered that beams reinforced with stainless steel provide similar ultimate flexural capacity with improved stiffness and ductility in contrast to that of the mild steel rebars.Item Agar from Red Algae (Gracilaria tenuistipitata) as a Valuable Biopolymer: Extraction and Characterization(Research and Development Wing, MIST, 2025-12-30) Afrin Rimpy, Fawzia; Hoque, Md Enamul; Farsheed Mahmud, Quazi; Nowroj, Itmam; Rahman, Sazedur; El-Bialy, Tarek; Ali, M. AzamAgar, a natural biopolymer extracted from red algae, holds immense potential for revolutionizing healthcare, including biomedical engineering. This study explores the extraction feasibility of agar from red algae (Gracilaria tenuistipitata) abundantly available in the coastal area of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Five extraction methods were investigated, including a control group and treatments with water and NaOH solutions at concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 6%. The extraction of agar from algae was characterized through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel strength testing, melting and gelling temperature assessments, pH value measurement, and sulfate content analysis. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test, was utilized to assess the impact of the pre-treatment process on the yield and characteristics of agar. The test revealed significant variations among the different extraction methods (p < 0.05), highlighting the crucial role that pre-treatment plays in influencing agar yield and its physicochemical properties. While the control group achieved the highest agar yield (16.67 ± 1.44%), the 2% NaOH pre-treatment showed superior physicochemical attributes. Specifically, this treatment resulted in agar with optimal gel strength (3.25 ± 0.67 N/cm²), melting temperature (84.20 ± 0.80°C), gelling temperature (36.13 ± 1.21°C), pH (7.49 ± 0.26), and sulfate content (3.67 ± 0.58 mg/L), all of which are comparable to those of commercial agar. This preliminary study suggests that the red algae (Gracilaria tenuistipitata) found in Bangladesh is a promising source of agar for wider applications, including biomedical engineering. The agar extracted from abundant local sources in this country could unlock its potential for advancing healthcare solutions and sustainable national economic growth.Item Potential Health Impacts from Radioactive Releases at Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant Under Hypothetical Accident Scenario(Research and Development Wing, MIST, 2025-12-30) Mawla, Md Rosaidul; Ryean, Radmim; Rahman, Anisur; Mollah, Abdus Sattar; Islam, Md. Shafiqul; Kabir, Kazi ImtiazThis study presents a comprehensive assessment of radiological dose consequences from potential severe accident scenarios at the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), focusing on health impacts from radioactive releases. Utilizing HotSpot 3.1.2 and ORIGEN 2.2, the research estimates Total Effective Dose Equivalent (TEDE) and Committed Effective Dose Equivalent (CEDE) to critical organs, including the thyroid, skin, lungs, surface bone, red marrow, and liver, under seasonal meteorological conditions. The thyroid, due to its high affinity for radioactive iodine (particularly 131I), showed maximum CEDE values of 8.0 × 105 Sv and 4.4 × 105 Sv during the autumn and rainy seasons, respectively, at 30 meters from the source. These values, along with other organ doses, exceeded public and occupational dose limits up to 15 km in the rainy season and 30 km in the autumn season, primarily influenced by wind speed and precipitation. The study underscores the need for emergency protective measures such as sheltering, evacuation, and the administration of potassium iodide (KI), especially for populations within high-risk zones. It further recommends the integration of dose modeling findings into the National Nuclear and Radiological Emergency Preparedness and Response Plan (NNREPRP) to enhance response strategies and protect public health in the event of nuclear accidents.Item Evaluation of Physical, Mechanical, and Durability Properties of Limestone Powder Blended Concrete(Research and Development Wing, MIST, 2025-12-30) Islam, Md. Jahidul; Ahmed, Tasnia; Naila Meghna, Nishat; Abida, Ismat; Mashfiq, Nayeem MohammadReducing the amount of cement in construction has become a challenge in the 21st century. In this study, limestone powder (LSP) is adopted to partially replace cement at different weight percentages (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). The influence of LSP on engineering properties such as workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength and toughness, water permeability, and surface resistivity is investigated to assess the acceptability of LSP blended concrete and to find the optimum replacement level considering these properties. At low replacement levels (5% and 10%), the mechanical and durability properties are improved due to the nucleation effect of LSP. Beyond 10% replacement, the dilution effect dominates which disadvantages the concrete. The workability linearly rises with the increase in the LSP content. The compressive and tensile strength does not vary much from the control specimen up to a 10% replacement level. The highest compressive and flexural strength is recorded for 10% LSP replacement. Toughness calculated from the beam load-deflection curve showed an increased value with increased LSP replacement. In comparison to the control specimens, 6.4% higher flexural strength and 90% higher toughness index are achieved for 10% LSP. An equation has been proposed using a machine learning approach to predict the tensile strength of LSP blended concrete with 87% accuracy. Water permeability and chloride ion penetrability are reduced for higher LSP content as LSP works as a filler and enhances pore structure. This study summarizes that 10% cement substitution with the LSP can be adopted for overall better mechanical and durability properties of concrete.