Browsing by Author "Kabir, Md. Tanvir"

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A cross-sectional study on risk factors, symptoms, treatment and management strategies of lung cancer in a tertiary care cancer hospital of Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2018-09) Pial, Sazia Afrin; Kabir, Md. Tanvir
Lung cancer is the most common clinical problem of Bangladesh. Lung cancer is the uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells that starts off in one or both lungs, usually in the air passages of cell lining. This study has represented the current scenario of lung cancer in the tertiary care hospital of Dhaka city, covering a range of parameters including age, gender, location, environment, education level, lifestyle, and family history, smoking or tobacco consumption habit, clinical features, mode of diagnosis, treatment received and medications prescribed to the in-patients of National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH). The study protocol was initially approved by Ethical Review board of National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH) to run this survey. This study was enrolled with 210 patients diagnosed with lung carcinoma. Majority of them were male patients. Around 89.522% of patients among 210 patients were male and only 10.48% were female. Lung carcinoma was observed more prevalent in age range of 51-60 years old and among rural people the risk was even higher. Among three types of lung carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma diagnosed patients were in majority 62.86% . This study also found that coughing is the most reported and chest pain is the second most reported symptom by patients. In case of diagnostic tests, FNAC was the most referred test for patients by physicians. Chemotherapy was also given; around 80.48% patients received chemotherapy effectively. Besides surgery, radiography and target protein therapy were also recommended. Combination of alkylating agents and antimetabolites were also prescribed for chemotherapeutic drug cycles. Among this combination of cisplatin and paclitaxel was prescribed most (41.90%). From this study we can conclude that we need to be more careful, so that lung carcinoma can be diagnosed in initial stage. As it does not show any symptoms in early stage of lung carcinoma, regular health checkup of lung function each year might prove an effective way to minimize mortality rate. In this fact government peoples keen attention is in need.
A review of comparison on efficacy, safety and cost effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA antagonists and combination therapy in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
(BRAC University, 2018-08) Haque, Mushfiqul; Kabir, Md. Tanvir
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a deadly neurodegenerative disease, which is considered as one of the top causes of death for people who are over 65 years of age. Up until now, no drug has been developed that can cure this disease but a number of drugs have been developed that can modify the disease condition. Currently, cholinesterase inhibitors – tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine and NMDA antagonist – memantine are approved for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. We reviewed the evidences behind efficacy and safety of these drugs by searching journal articles from Embase, PubMed and Google Scholar. We used placebo controlled trials and comparative trials for this purpose. Moreover, we also compared the costs of treatment with these drugs. Review of the articles suggested that cholinesterase inhibitors have positive effects in improving cognition and behavior and that there is no statistically significant difference between the efficacy cholinesterase inhibitors in treating mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Donepezil has been found to have lowest incidences of adverse drug events and highest for tacrine. On the other hand, memantine has been found to improve not only cognitive functions but also to prevent further neurodegeneration in moderate to severe AD patients. It has great beneficial effects on Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) scores and also on Alzheimer’s disease Cooperative Study – Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL). In terms of adverse drug events, studies have suggested that memantine has moderate safety and tolerability. Another strategy for managing AD is the combination therapy of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. It is efficacious in managing moderate to severe AD and does not cause higher incidences of adverse events in comparison to treatment where cholinesterase inhibitor is used alone. Comparison of costs of drugs, have suggested donepezil to be better choice for treatment of mild to moderate AD and memantine for moderate to severe AD.
A review on less explored plants with anticancer activity
(BRAC University, 2020-03) Al Nahid, Mohammed Tansen; Kabir, Md. Tanvir; Akter, Raushanara
Cancer is a disorder that is very complicated. Most tumors tend to be incurable. However, appropriate measures can reduce the risk of cancer. Cancer is a very costly illness to manage in a low-income nation such as Bangladesh. Many clinically effective plant-related compounds have been a key source of anticancer agents. Vinblastine, vincristine, derivatives of camptothecin, topotecan and irinotecan, etoposide and paclitaxel are among these. The planet also has so many plants that are less known or unexplored. We address in this review paper the less studied plants from which we can develop anticancer drugs. Detailed information about the part used, the use of the extract, the model type, the types of cancer cell lines tested, etc. of less explored plants are reported. These plants are still used for various cancer cell types. Such trees, as they have strong efficacy in anticancer activity, are all potential candidates for in vivo studies.
A review on the progress of stem cell therapy as a treatment for Diabetes mellitus
(BRAC University, 2022-01) Biswas, Shipra; Kabir, Md. Tanvir
The present scenario has shown that diabetes mellitus is a major health issue that affects people of nearly all ages. Stem cell therapy is one of the many medical treatment methods to prevent diabetes mellitus. A variety of stem cells are cultured to treat diabetes including embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem cells have been found from various sources which are embryos, blood, brain, bone marrow, muscle, liver, dental pulp, heart tissues, etc. Several transcription factors such as PDX-1, Ngn-3, Ptf-1a, MafA, Nkx6-1, etc. and key signaling pathways such as hedgehog, Notch, SOX9, Wnt, etc. contribute a lot to carry out stem cell treatment. Some errors of stem cell therapy have been found such as teratoma formation, risk of graft rejection that are being researched to overcome in the future. This review summarizes the progress of stem cell therapy as a treatment for diabetes mellitus.
A study on less explored plants with potential neuroprotective activity against neurodegenerative diseases
(BRAC University, 2020-12) Nayeem, Abdullah Al; Kabir, Md. Tanvir
The gradual deterioration of the structure and function of neurons, including neural death, is known as neurodegeneration. The most known diseases of neurodegeneration are Alzheimer’s, Parkinson's, Huntington's, Amyotrophic sclerosis lateral disease. These diseases are seen throughout the world including Bangladesh and for this reason the demand of neuroprotective agents are high. Now, there are some rare plants such as Ginkgo biloba, Withania somnifera Magnolia officinalis and Hypericum calycimum L. are used not only as folk medicine but also their extracts have shown some crucial effects in lab experiments. Some of the plants such as Centella asiatica, Withania somnifera and Hypericum perforatum L. decreases neural degeneration and also reverses amnesia. Here, this research is going to be discussing on the potential benefits of these plants as neuroprotective agents that are currently unclear or under research.
An overview of the clinical management and challenges of treatments for the patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and lung carcinoma
(BRAC University, 2021-09) Bristy, Israt Zerin; Kabir, Md. Tanvir
During the COVID-19 disease outbreak, the main objective of lung carcinoma treatment is to reduce the risk of contamination to patients and workers while simultaneously controlling all life-threatening elements of the illness. The pathophysiology of the development of lung cancer includes multiple genetic mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, and the presence of viruses. Nucleic acid SARS-CoV-2 detection & nasopharyngeal swab is used in the diagnosis of COVID-19 as well as an image-guided biopsy low-dose computed tomography is utilized for lung cancer identification. Furthermore, the challenging task of the management of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, therapeutic objectives, or optimal support services should be adjusted to the tumour types of the patient, the biomarkers, taking into consideration the risk of adverse effects and the potential of COVID-19 contamination. So, the overall treatment strategy of these patients is very prudent to avoid any further delay that could compromise survival with the challenges they are facing now.
Antibiotic resistance pattern of escherichia coli: a cross-sectional study of antibiograms
(BRAC University, 2018-09) Hussain, Md. Samiul; Kabir, Md. Tanvir
Antibiotic resistance is one of the serious issues nowadays. This is a global problem and more problematic in developing and underdeveloped countries. It develops due to various reasons, like food habit, poor sanitization, improper prescribing method, taking antibiotics without prescription or any kind of consultation with doctor, and uncontrolled antibiotic use for fisheries, poultry and veterinary and for the lack of knowledge of antibiotic use. In case of resistance mechanism, it follows several ways such as change of cell wall, target modification, antibiotic inactivation, efflux pump out, ribosome protection and biofilm formation. In this research, culture and sensitivity test reports were collected from the microbiology department of a renowned diagnostic center, and all the antibiogram is about Escherichia coli sensitivity. In case data of analysis, the reports were analyzed by gender, age group, and divisions. Out of 543 antibiogram reports, most sensitive antibiotics were amikacin, ampicillin, amoxyclav, cefotaxim, cefexime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, colisitin, gentamycin, imipenem, meropenem, nitrofuration and tigecycline up to 95%. Most resistant antibiotics were azithromycin, aztreonam, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cephradine, nalidixic acid, levofloxacin, cefoxitin and tetracycline (60-90%). Here, mostly susceptible age grouped peoples are under 30 years and elderly peoples in some cases. Among the 28 antibiotics, 9 were analyzed with significance where no mortality was found but the statistical significancefor 31-45 years age group was evident with an odds ratio (OR) 3.42 (95%CI; 1.60±7.32; p= 0.002) and for ≥46 years (OR22.47, 95%CI; 1063±47.47; p= <0.001) for amoxyclav. Cefexime is more significant in case of resistance compared to sensitivefor 31-45 years age group (OR1.08, 5%CI; 0.40±2.89; p= 0.883) and for ≥46 years (OR1.41; 95%CI; 0.40±2.89; p= .554). In case of doxycycline 31-45 year age group (OR1.43; 95%CI; 0.59±3.53) and for more than 46 years age group (OR1.41; 95%CI; 0.57±3.53; p= 4.63). Lastly, for tigecycline 31-45 years age group (OR 0.45; 95%CI; 0.29±0.68; p= <0.001) and for more than 46 years age group (OR0.27; 95%CI; 0.17±0.44; p= <0.001) which is less significant. Escherichia coli is very common and can be contaminated very easily so people of all ages and divisions should be more careful regarding antibiotics intake to control the increasing antibiotic resistance.
Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus Aureus in Dhaka, Bangladesh: a cross sectional study of antibiograms
(BRAC University, 2019-10) Amin, Faijul; Kabir, Md. Tanvir
Antibiotic resistance has become a major issue across the world. This study conducted to find out resistance pattern of S. aureus in Bangladesh. The study implicated that the bacteria were highly resistant against cefaclor, cefixime, cefradine, chloramphenicol, clindamycin. However, it was very sensitive to amikacin, ampicillin, doxycycline, fusidic acid, imipenem, norfloxacin. In case of cefuroxime, amoxiclav, tigecycline, vancomycin there were no clear results from our study. Hopefully, this study will increase awareness of antibiotic usage, promote rational usage and pave the way for future studies.
Customer satisfaction on Dynasty Group
(Daffodil International University, 2018-12-17) Kabir, Md. Tanvir
This report emphasizes and illustrates on “Customer satisfaction in DYNASTY GROUP”- It is known to all, that Customer Satisfaction in our RMG sector. The Ready-Made Garments (RMG) industry possesses an extraordinary position in the Bangladesh economy. It is the biggest sending out industry in Bangladesh, which experienced amazing development amid the most recent 25 years. By exploiting a protected market under the arrangement of Multi Fiber Agreement (MFA) of GATT, it achieved a prominent regarding outside trade income, fares, industrialization and commitment to GDP inside a limited capacity to focus time. The business assumes a key job in work age and in the arrangement of salary to poor people. Almost four million laborers are straightforwardly and in excess of twelve million occupants are in a roundabout way connected with the business. In the course of the last a quarter century, the quantity of assembling units has developed from 180 to more than 4000. The part has additionally assumed a noteworthy job in the financial advancement of the nation.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic, Antidiarrheal and Sedative Effects of the Methanolic Extract of Clerodendrum Viscosum Roots in Mice
(Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2021) Rahman, Mohammed S.; Yasmin, Hasina; Rashid, Md. Harun Or; Adnan, Nihad; Jamiruddin, Mohd. R.; Kabir, Md. Tanvir
Background: Clerodendrum viscosum is one of the most well-known plants in traditional practices. The study aims to explore the antidiabetic, antidiarrheal and sedative effects of methanolic extract of Clerodendrum viscosum roots (MECV) in mice. Methods: For each experiment, four groups of animals were used consisting of three mice per group. Each group was treated individually: group I treated as negative control, Group II received reference drug of each experiment, Group III and IV received MECV at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Antidiabetic effect of MECV was evaluated by oral glucose tolerance test. Antidiarrheal activity was examined by the method of castor oil induced diarrhea and reduction in amount of diarrheal feces was determined. To assess the sedative activity of MECV, total sleeping time was determined in phenobarbitone induced mice. Results: MECV showed statistically significant (p<0.05) blood glucose lowering activity which was comparable to the standard drug, glibenclamide and the effect was found to be dose dependent. The extract reduced the diarrheal feces in mice by 51.85% and 65.56% at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses, respectively. The observed activity was found significant (p<0.05) in comparison to the positive control. Also, the test extract showed significant (p<0.05) sedative activity with respect to the control suggesting that the extract potentiated the phenobarbitone induced sleeping time. Conclusion: This is the first report on the therapeutic importance of methanolic extract of Clerodendrum viscosum roots in diabetes, diarrhea and sedation and thus supporting the uses of the plant in traditional medicine.
Exploring the Promise of Targeting Ubiquitin-proteasome System to Combat Alzheimer’s Disease
(Neurotoxicity Research, Springer, 2020-03-19) Al Mamun, Abdullah; Uddin, Md. Sahab; Kabir, Md. Tanvir; Khanum, Sayema; Sarwar, Md. Shahid; Mathew, Bijo; Rauf, Abdur; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Md Ashraf, Ghulam
The ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) is considered as a central protein degradation system in all eukaryotes. The UPS comprises of several factors such as Ub and Ub-like molecules, Ub hydrolases, E3 Ub ligases, and the proteasome itself. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the dysfunction of UPS plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Furthermore, current evidence has suggested that the UPS components can be connected with the initial stage of AD that is characterized by synaptic dysfunction, and to the late phases of AD, marked by neurodegeneration. In AD patients, the accumulations of insoluble protein in the brain can be caused by overload or dysfunction of the UPS, or by conformational alterations in the protein substrates that prevent their degradation and recognition by the UPS. Synaptic dysfunction is also caused by defective proteolysis that has found in the initial stage in AD as the UPS is widely recognized to play a pivotal role in the regular activities of synapses. Conversely, its precise cause and pathogenesis are unclear. Presently accepted medicines for AD give symptomatic relief, though they are unable to stop the progression of the disease. Besides, the components of the cellular quality control system demonstrate a significant emphasis on the advancement of targeted and effective treatments for AD. In this review, we focus on the role of UPS in the pathogenesis of AD and highlight how the UPS-linked treatments influence in the management of AD.
Exploring the role of programmed cell death protein 1 in alzheimer’s disease associated autoimmunity
(BRAC University, 2020-12) Aana, Afsara Sumon; Kabir, Md. Tanvir
Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of neurodegenerative disorder oriented dementia which is regulated by chronic inflammation in brain cells. Nevertheless, repeated experiments with immunosuppressive agents had failures to treat AD, implementing immune checkpoint blockade to affect the pathogenesis of AD showed some lights of hope in animal model. These animal trials stated about the mitigation of neuronal inflammatory responses and diminution in amyloid beta plaque formation and decrease in Tau protein entanglement. The cognitive symptoms were also observed as falling down. A massive surprising change in the tau pathology was informed by these researches that the macrophages were increased within neuronal parenchyma. In general, almost all the relevant experiments stated that PD-1 and ligand targeted immune checkpoint blockade can modify the factors which help to progress AD or cognitive behaviors. So this pathway can help to combat this disease succefully.
Free Radical Scavenging, Thrombolytic and Cytotoxic Effects of the Medicinal Herb, Crassocephalum Crepidioides
(Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 2021) Kabir, Md. Tanvir; Samiha, Mayesha; Yasmin, Hasina; Rahman, Mohammed S.; Rahman, Md. Sohanur; Ashraf, Ghulam Md; Akter, Raushanara
Crassocephalum crepidioides belongs to the Asteraceae family and the leaves of the plant were used in the phytochemical screening. The objective of this study was phytochemical analysis of C. crepidioides in order to evaluate its antioxidant, thrombolytic and cytotoxic effects. In this study, DPPH assay and total phenolic content (TPC) were used to evaluate the antioxidant property. Brine shrimp lethality test was performed to find the cytotoxicity. The TPC of methanolic extract of C. crepidioides was 637.22 mg/gm and gallic acid was standard in this procedure. The IC50 value of the plant extract of DPPH assay was 136.016 µg/mL obtained by using ascorbic acid as reference standard. Furthermore, the obtained IC50 value of ascorbic acid was 94.12 µg/mL. In this study, lethal concentrations of vincristine sulfate and the plant extract were 3.064 µg/mL and 69.245 µg/mL respectively. Indeed, the plant exhibited significant antioxidant, cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity
Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of Crassocephalum crepidioides
(Brac University, 2019-08) Samiha, Mayesha; Kabir, Md. Tanvir
In the development of modern medicine, the natural sources have been introduced because of their bioactive compounds and pharmacological effects. The herbs and plants are producing secondary metabolites from which semi synthesized or synthesized drugs are manufactured. Hence, the phytochemical screening of the plant Crassocephalum crepidioides was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant property in which DPPH assay and total phenolic content were measured. Besides, thrombolytic activity was conducted and to determine the toxicity of the plant brine shrimp lethality test was done. The study revealed, the moderate antioxidant effect in which the value was 637.22 in total phenolic content and in DPPH assay the half maximal inhibitory value is 136.016. At the same time, the toxicity of the plant was also moderate. Brine shrimp lethality test was performed to find out the toxicity level. However, the plant confirmed a satisfactory outcome of thrombolytic activity in which clopidogrel bisulphate was used as reference. It can be concluded that drugs can be prepared by the phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of the plant Crassocephalum crepidioides.
Progress of finding latent therapeutic activity of vaccine for Alzheimer’s disease
(BRAC University, 2019-05) Hassan, Md. Muhtaz; Kabir, Md. Tanvir
Alzheimer’s disease is one of leading diseases which provokes different internal physiological conditions that ease deterioration of normal body mechanism among people over 60 years of age. The proper pathophysiology of this disease is still undiscovered. There are two neuropathological hallmarks for this deadliest disease, among them one is amyloid-β and another is senile plaque deposition which plays extracellular role, on the other side neurofibrillary tangles which contain hyperphosphorylated tau protein dominate intracellular portion. A variety of medicinal approaches have been experimented targeting amyloid-β among them the most innovative approaches were reducing amyloid-β from the brain by active and passive vaccination. Since the first approach, a number of vaccines have been stopped during clinical trials and some are still under investigation. Different co-relating possibilities are merging together to initiate a proper medicinal pathway along with the invention of the specific pathophysiology of this disease.
Repairing the brain with Mesenchymal stem cells for stroke recovery
(BRAC University, 2022-03) Chowdhury, Josephina; Kabir, Md. Tanvir
Worldwide, stroke isthe most frequent cerebrovascular infarction causing death and disability. Despite advancements in Surgical and pharmacological treatments, therapy of neurological restoration after a stroke goes minimal, resulting in a significant reduction in quality of life. Two procedures have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA): intravenous thrombolytic therapy and endovascular thrombectomy. However, because of the tight therapeutic window, only a small fraction of stroke patients receives these therapies. Due to their potential to reverse the neurological consequences, advances in stem cell treatment have given patients with stroke fresh hope. Various kinds of stem cells have been utilized to treat stroke experimentally in animal experiments and clinical studies throughout the last few decades, from which mesenchymal stem cells have shown the most promising and safe results.
Role of voltage-gated sodium channel modulators in peripheral nervous system disorders
(BRAC University, 2022-02) Mithila, Sabekun Nahar; Kabir, Md. Tanvir
In current therapy for controlling peripheral nervous system disorders, one of the milestones is the voltage-gated sodium channel modulators. They have higher efficacy with improved side effects. They target the channel and their different subunits to modify the nerve impulse by allowing sodium ions. Selective drugs and biological products are used as modulators to limit the negative effects of disorders. Some drugs may either activate or deactivate the channels by altering the voltage-gated sodium channels pore. Moreover, biological products like alkaloids, marine toxins have a crucial role in understanding binding sites with actions on the sodium channel. Researchers are investigating numerous isoform-selective drugs in treating peripheral nervous system-related disorders. In this report, detailed information about the modulator's ongoing research on the active field is also elucidated.
Therapeutic implication of senescent cell elimination in neurodegenerative diseases
(BRAC University, 2022-03) Key, Nasrin Sultana; Kabir, Md. Tanvir
Neurodegenerative disease is a condition where the function of the brain gets affected due to neuronal death. Still, there is no proper way to cure this disease, but there are some drugs and treatments that can reduce the side effects caused by this disease. Senescent cell elimination is a treatment used to treat neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), etc. It has been revealed that senescent cell causes impaired learning, memory loss, etc. Excess production of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid-β (Aβ) also cause impaired learning or memory loss problems, so senescent cells contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. So, eliminating senescent cells is an excellent method or treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Senolytic drugs are one kind of senescent cell elimination treatment that induces apoptosis in senescent cells, and senostatics is another senescent cell elimination treatment that blocks or stops the proliferation of senescence.