Browsing by Author "Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi"

Now showing 1 - 14 of 14

A Comprehensive Analysis and Anti-Cancer Activities of Quercetin in ROS-Mediated Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells
(Scopus, 22-10-04) Biswas, Partha; Dey, Dipta; Biswas, Polash Kumar; Rahaman, Tanjim Ishraq; Saha, Shuvo; Parvez, Anwar; Khan, Dhrubo Ahmed; Lily, Nusrat Jahan; Saha, Konka; Sohel, Md; Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi; Al Azad, Salauddin; Bibi, Shabana; Hasan, Md. Nazmul; Rahmatullah, Mohammed; Chun, Jaemoo; Rahman, Md. Ataur; Kim, Bonglee
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce carcinogenesis by causing genetic mutations, activating oncogenes, and increasing oxidative stress, all of which affect cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. When compared to normal cells, cancer cells have higher levels of ROS, and they are responsible for the maintenance of the cancer phenotype; this unique feature in cancer cells may, therefore, be exploited for targeted therapy. Quercetin (QC), a plant-derived bioflavonoid, is known for its ROS scavenging properties and was recently discovered to have various antitumor properties in a variety of solid tumors. Adaptive stress responses may be induced by persistent ROS stress, allowing cancer cells to survive with high levels of ROS while maintaining cellular viability. However, large amounts of ROS make cancer cells extremely susceptible to quercetin, one of the most available dietary flavonoids. Because of the molecular and metabolic distinctions between malignant and normal cells, targeting ROS metabolism might help overcome medication resistance and achieve therapeutic selectivity while having little or no effect on normal cells. The powerful bioactivity and modulatory role of quercetin has prompted extensive research into the chemical, which has identified a number of pathways that potentially work together to prevent cancer, alongside, QC has a great number of evidences to use as a therapeutic agent in cancer stem cells. This current study has broadly demonstrated the function-mechanistic relationship of quercetin and how it regulates ROS generation to kill cancer and cancer stem cells. Here, we have revealed the regulation and production of ROS in normal cells and cancer cells with a certain signaling mechanism. We demonstrated the specific molecular mechanisms of quercetin including MAPK/ERK1/2, p53, JAK/STAT and TRAIL, AMPKα1/ASK1/p38, RAGE/PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, HMGB1 and NF-κB, Nrf2-induced signaling pathways and certain cell cycle arrest in cancer cell death, and how they regulate the specific cancer signaling pathways as long-searched cancer therapeutics. Keywords: ROS; REDOX imbalance; carcinogenesis; malignant cells; quercetin; cancer stem cells
Abetting Host Immune Response by Inhibiting Rhipicephalus sanguineus Evasin-1
(Daffodil International University, 22-09-13) Castrosanto, Melvin A.; Mukerjee, Nobendu; Ramos, Ana Rose; Maitra, Swastika; Manuben, John Julius P.; Das, Padmashree; Malik, Sumira; Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi; Alexiou, Athanasios; Dey, Abhijit; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad; Aljarba, Nada H.; Alkahtani, Saad; Ghosh, Arabinda
The brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) is the most prevalent tick in the world and a well-recognized vector of many pathogens affecting dogs and occasionally humans. Pathogens exploit tick salivary molecules for their survival and multiplication in the vector and transmission to and establishment in the hosts. Tick saliva contains various non-proteinaceous substances and secreted proteins that are differentially produced during feeding and comprise of inhibitors of blood congealing and platelet aggregation, vasodilatory and immunomodulatory substances, and compounds preventing itch and pain. One of these proteins is Evasin-1, which has a high binding affinity to certain types of chemokines. The binding of Evasin-1 to chemokines prevents the detection and immune response of the host to R. sanguineus, which may result in the successful transmission of pathogens. In this study, we screened potential Evasin-1 inhibitor based on the pharmacophore model derived from the binding site residues. Hit ligands were further screened via molecular docking and virtual ADMET prediction, which resulted in ZINC8856727 as the top ligand (binding affinity: -9.1 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulation studies, coupled with MM-GBSA calculations and principal component analysis revealed that ZINC8856727 plays a vital role in the stability of Evasin-1. We recommend continuing the study by developing a formulation that serves as a potential medicine aid immune response during R. sanguineus infestation.
Assessmcnt of healthcare waste managemcnt practices in Khulna city corporation
(Department of Civil Engineering (CE), 2008-07) Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi; Habibur Rahman, Dr. Md.
The management of healthcare waste is an emergent public health and environmental problem in Bangladesh in general and Khulna city in particular. In Khulna city. therc are about 110 registered hospitals, clinics and diagnostic centers, generating about 1,883 kg of waste per day. The generation rate of total healthcare waste and hazardous healthcare waste in Khulna city has been found 0.85 kg/bcd/day and 0.15 kg/bcd/day, respectively and the hazardous portion accounts around 15% of the total generated waste. Generation rate of waste in the Gov!. hospitals (0.87kg/bed/day.) is slightly higher than the private hospitals (0.84kg/bed/day). Assessment of management system indicates that most of the worker (around 56%) did not receive any form of training for how to handle hazardous waste. And many (around 47%) of them did not use safety equipments and clothing. It is found from the study that. the average expenditure of existing waste management system of Gov!. hospital, Privatc hospital and Diagnostic centre arc Tk.13/kg of waste, Tk. 25/kg of waste and Tk.63/kg of waste respectively. Assessment of cost of different treatment options indicate that thc cost of incineration will be around Tk. 28.00/kg of waste. The cost of microwaving will be Tk. 27.00/kg of waste and the cost of autoclaving will bc Tk. 24.00/kg of waste. All types of hazardous healthcare wastes can be treatcd by incinerator and there arc significant reductions in volume of wastes (90-95%). Microwaving is not suitable for pathological waste; reduction in volume is comparatively less than incineration (60- 90%). On the other hand autoclaving is not suitable for pathological waste and no reduction in volume. The application of this research will contribute to provide appropriate guideline ti.1rthc future planning and design healthcare waste management in Khulna city.
Computer-Aided Drug Design-Based System Pharmacology Applications for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
(Elsevier, 2023-06-15) Bibi, Shabana; Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi; Hossain, Md. Shahadat; Khan, Muhammad Saad; Yousafi, Qudsia; Islam, Fahadul; Chopra, Hitesh; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad
Diabetes mellitus is a very complicated and long-term disease. Diabetic patients are always at risk of creating more complicated diseases in a very short time, as the damage of body organs is very fast if the situation becomes serious and untreated properly. Until yet there is no such medicine that could properly or completely treat diabetes mellitus. So there is an urgent need for advanced computational methods to identify novel therapeutics in a short time and at cheap rates. In this chapter, we have explained the status of diabetes mellitus, publications records, cases studies, mathematical models, and the importance of computer-aided aided design and its application in network pharmacology for the medicinal research of diabetes mellitus, also highlighted different medicine and potential targets for promoting antidiabetic drug research. More detailed studies of diabetic patients’ data set are required using advanced computational power to facilitate and speed up the antidiabetic drug research.
Cost effective solar study lamp And solar home solution for non-critical application
(BRAC University, 8/20/2017) Islam, Tousiful; Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi; Shaikat, Injamamul Haque; Ahad, Shekh Abdul; Alam, Marzia
Over half a billion children is suffering from lack of adequate lighting and they rely on dim, smoky, and dangerous kerosene-based lighting for their evening studies. This paper is on how we can provide our rural students a brighter, clean, safe, and zero-marginal-cost light of solar lamps enhances children’s learning outcomes. The solar lamp can provide continuous light of 150 lux for studying properly around 5 to 6 hours; this may be due to flickering from lack of full charge that lowered their productivity. These solar lamps likely have insignificant effect on educational attainment. We also have built an android phone application on solar home system that can calculate critical applications of solar home system which can provide inverter selection, how much battery and PV module required in series and parallel information to the user, basically we named it solar calculator for the user.
Design of Multi-Epitope Vaccine for Staphylococcus Saprophyticus
(Daffodil International University, 2022-07-27) Yousaf, Maha; Ullah, Asad; Sarosh, Nida; Abbasi, Sumra Wajid; Ismail, Saba; Bibi, Shabana; Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi; Albadrani, Ghadeer M; Nouh, Nehal Ahmed Talaat; Abdulhakim, Jawaher A; Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M; Emran, Talha Bin
Staphylococcus saprophytic us is a Gram-positive coccus responsible for the occurrence of cystitis in sexually active, young females. While effective antibiotics against this organism exist, resistant strains are on the rise. Therefore, prevention via vaccines appears to be a viable solution to address this problem. In comparison to traditional techniques of vaccine design, computationally aided vaccine development demonstrates marked specificity, efficiency, stability, and safety. In the present study, a novel, multi-epitope vaccine construct was developed against S. saprophyticus by targeting fully sequenced proteomes of its five different strains, which were examined using a pangenome and subtractive proteomic strategy to characterize prospective vaccination targets. The three immunogenic vaccine targets which were utilized to map the probable immune epitopes were verified by annotating the entire proteome. The predicted epitopes were further screened on the basis of antigenicity, allergenicity, water solubility, toxicity, virulence, and binding affinity towards the DRB*0101 allele, resulting in 11 potential epitopes, i.e., DLKKQKEKL, NKDLKKQKE, QDKLKDKSD, NVMDNKDLE, TSGTPDSQA, NANSDGSSS, GSDSSSSNN, DSSSSNNDS, DSSSSDRNN, SSSDRNNGD, and SSDDKSKDS. All these epitopes have the efficacy to cover 99.74% of populations globally. Finally, shortlisted epitopes were joined together with linkers and three different adjuvants to find the most stable and immunogenic vaccine construct. The top-ranked vaccine construct was further scrutinized on the basis of its physicochemical characterization and immunological profile. The non-allergenic and antigenic features of modeled vaccine constructs were initially validated and then subjected to docking with immune receptor major histocompatibility complex I and II (MHC-I and II), resulting in strong contact. In silico cloning validations yielded a codon adaptation index (CAI) value of 1 and an ideal percentage of GC contents (46.717%), indicating a putative expression of the vaccine in E. coli. Furthermore, immune simulation demonstrated that, after injecting the proposed MEVC, powerful antibodies were produced, resulting in the sharpest peaks of IgM + IgG formation (>11,500) within 5 to 15 days. Experimental testing against S. saprophytic us can evaluate the safety and efficacy of these prophylactic vaccination designs.
Design of Multi-Epitope Vaccine for Staphylococcus Saprophyticus
(Daffodil International University, 2022-07-27) Yousaf, Maha; Ullah, Asad; Sarosh, Nida; Abbasi, Sumra Wajid; Ismail, Saba; Bibi, Shabana; Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi; Albadrani, Ghadeer M.; Nouh, Nehal Ahmed Talaat; Abdulhakim, Jawaher A.; Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M.; Emran, Talha Bin
Staphylococcus saprophytic us is a Gram-positive coccus responsible for the occurrence of cystitis in sexually active, young females. While effective antibiotics against this organism exist, resistant strains are on the rise. Therefore, prevention via vaccines appears to be a viable solution to address this problem. In comparison to traditional techniques of vaccine design, computationally aided vaccine development demonstrates marked specificity, efficiency, stability, and safety. In the present study, a novel, multi-epitope vaccine construct was developed against S. saprophyticus by targeting fully sequenced proteomes of its five different strains, which were examined using a pangenome and subtractive proteomic strategy to characterize prospective vaccination targets. The three immunogenic vaccine targets which were utilized to map the probable immune epitopes were verified by annotating the entire proteome. The predicted epitopes were further screened on the basis of antigenicity, allergenicity, water solubility, toxicity, virulence, and binding affinity towards the DRB*0101 allele, resulting in 11 potential epitopes, i.e., DLKKQKEKL, NKDLKKQKE, QDKLKDKSD, NVMDNKDLE, TSGTPDSQA, NANSDGSSS, GSDSSSSNN, DSSSSNNDS, DSSSSDRNN, SSSDRNNGD, and SSDDKSKDS. All these epitopes have the efficacy to cover 99.74% of populations globally. Finally, shortlisted epitopes were joined together with linkers and three different adjuvants to find the most stable and immunogenic vaccine construct. The top-ranked vaccine construct was further scrutinized on the basis of its physicochemical characterization and immunological profile. The non-allergenic and antigenic features of modeled vaccine constructs were initially validated and then subjected to docking with immune receptor major histocompatibility complex I and II (MHC-I and II), resulting in strong contact. In silico cloning validations yielded a codon adaptation index (CAI) value of 1 and an ideal percentage of GC contents (46.717%), indicating a putative expression of the vaccine in E. coli. Furthermore, immune simulation demonstrated that, after injecting the proposed MEVC, powerful antibodies were produced, resulting in the sharpest peaks of IgM + IgG formation (>11,500) within 5 to 15 days. Experimental testing against S. saprophytic us can evaluate the safety and efficacy of these prophylactic vaccination designs. Keywords: pan-genome; immuno-informatics; multi-epitope peptide; docking; MD simulation
Green Metallic Nanoparticles
(Daffodil International University, 2022-04-06) Chopra, Hitesh; Bibi, Shabana; Singh, Inderbir; Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi; Khan, Muhammad Saad; Yousafi, Qudsia; Baig, Atif Amin; Rahman, Md. Mominur; Islam, Fahadul; Emran, Talha Bin; Cavalu, Simona
Current advancements in nanotechnology and nanoscience have resulted in new nanomaterials, which may pose health and environmental risks. Furthermore, several researchers are working to optimize ecologically friendly procedures for creating metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The primary goal is to decrease the adverse effects of synthetic processes, their accompanying chemicals, and the resulting complexes. Utilizing various biomaterials for nanoparticle preparation is a beneficial approach in green nanotechnology. Furthermore, using the biological qualities of nature through a variety of activities is an excellent way to achieve this goal. Algae, plants, bacteria, and fungus have been employed to make energy-efficient, low-cost, and nontoxic metallic nanoparticles in the last few decades. Despite the environmental advantages of using green chemistry-based biological synthesis over traditional methods as discussed in this article, there are some unresolved issues such as particle size and shape consistency, reproducibility of the synthesis process, and understanding of the mechanisms involved in producing metallic nanoparticles via biological entities. Consequently, there is a need for further research to analyze and comprehend the real biological synthesis-dependent processes. This is currently an untapped hot research topic that required more investment to properly leverage the green manufacturing of metallic nanoparticles through living entities. The review covers such green methods of synthesizing nanoparticles and their utilization in the scientific world.
Investigation on Prevalence of Parasitic Infection in Herbivores and Carnivores of Chattogram Zoo, Chattogram, Bangladesh
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024) Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi
Gastrointestinal parasites pose significant health risks to captive animals, whose confinement and stress increase susceptibility to infections. This study investigated the prevalence and causal agents of gastrointestinal parasitic infection in selected captive herbivores and carnivores of Chattogram Zoo, Chattogram. A total of 17 fecal samples from 11 species of captive herbivores and carnivores were screened using direct smear, sedimentation, and floatation techniques. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection was 29.41%, with herbivores showing a higher prevalence (44.45%) compared to carnivores (12.5%). Six different types of parasites were identified in this study including Monizia sp., Ostertagia sp., Trichuris sp. Chebartia sp., Trichostrongylus sp., and Oesophagostomum sp. Mixed infection was found only in herbivores. Protozoa and trematodes were not detected in this study. The animals showed no obvious clinical symptoms, indicating a subclinical infection. However, among these parasites, Ostertagia sp. and Oesophagostomum sp. can cause severe clinical disease under immune-compromised or adverse environmental condition. This study suggests the need for further detailed epidemiological studies on species-specific parasite along with regular feces examination regardless of illness and an effective deworming schedule should be implemented to control parasitic infection in Chattogram Zoo.
Natural Therapeutics and Nutraceuticals for Lung Diseases
(Daffodil International University, 2022-05-20) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Bibi, Shabana; Rahaman, Md. Saidur; Rahman, Firoza; Islam, Fahadul; Khan, Muhammad Saad; Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi; Parvez, Anwar; Hossain, Md. Abid; Maeesa, Saila Kabir; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Najda, Agnieszka; Al-malky, Hamdan S.; Mohamed, Hanan R.H.; AlGwaiz, Hussah I.M.; Awaji j, Aeshah A.; K., Mousa O. Germoush; Kensara, Osama A.; Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M.; Saeed, Mohd; Amjad, Mohammad
Background Lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), infections like influenza, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), asthma and pneumonia lung cancer (LC) are common causes of sickness and death worldwide due to their remoteness, cold and harsh climatic conditions, and inaccessible health care facilities. Purpose Many drugs have already been proposed for the treatment of lung diseases. Few of them are in clinical trials and have the potential to cure infectious diseases. Plant extracts or herbal products have been extensively used as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Indian Ayurveda. Moreover, it has been involved in the inhibition of certain genes/protiens effects to promote regulation of signaling pathways. Natural remedies have been scientifically proven with remarkable bioactivities and are considered a cheap and safe source for lung disease. Methods This comprehensive review highlighted the literature about traditional plants and their metabolites with their applications for the treatment of lung diseases through experimental models in humans. Natural drugs information and mode of mechanism have been studied through the literature retrieved by Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Scopus and Medline PubMed resources against lung diseases. Results In vitro, in vivo and computational studies have been explained for natural metabolites derived from plants (like flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids) against different types of lung diseases. Probiotics have also been biologically active therapeutics against cancer, anti-inflammation, antiplatelet, antiviral, and antioxidants associated with lung diseases. Conclusion The results of the mentioned natural metabolites repurposed for different lung diseases especially for SARS-CoV-2 should be evaluated more by advance computational applications, experimental models in the biological system, also need to be validated by clinical trials so that we may be able to retrieve potential drugs for most challenging lung diseases especially SARS-CoV-2.
Recognizing Novel Drugs against Keap1 in Alzheimer's disease Using Machine Learning Grounded Computational Studies
(Scopus, 22-12-31) Mukerjee, Nobendu; Al-Khafaji, Khattab; Maitra, Swastika; Wadi, Jaafar Suhail; Sachdeva, Punya; Ghosh, Arabinda; Buchade, Rahul Subhash; Chaudhari, Somdatta Yashwant; Jadhav, Shailaja B.; Das, Padmashree; Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi; Rahman, Md. Habibur; Albadrani, Ghadeer M.; Albadrani, M.; Altyar, Ahmed E.; Kamel, Mohamed; Algahtani, Mohammad; Shinan, Khlood; Theyab, Abdulrahman; Daim, Mohamed M. Abdel-; Ashraf, Md.; Rahman, Md. Mominur; Sharma, Rohit
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world, affecting an estimated 50 million individuals. The nerve cells become impaired and die due to the formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Dementia is one of the most common symptoms seen in people with AD. Genes, lifestyle, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, obesity, infections, and head injuries are some of the factors that can contribute to the development and progression of AD. There are just a few FDA-approved treatments without side effects in the market, and their efficacy is restricted due to their narrow target in the etiology of AD. Therefore, our aim is to identify a safe and potent treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. We chose the ursolic acid (UA) and its similar compounds as a compounds’ library. And the ChEMBL database was adopted to obtain the active and inactive chemicals against Keap1. The best Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was created by evaluating standard machine learning techniques, and the best model has the lowest RMSE and greatest R2 (Random Forest Regressor). We chose pIC50 of 6.5 as threshold, where the top five potent medicines (DB06841, DB04310, DB11784, DB12730, and DB12677) with the highest predicted pIC50 (7.091184, 6.900866, 6.800155, 6.768965, and 6.756439) based on QSAR analysis. Furthermore, the top five medicines utilize as ligand molecules were docked in Keap1’s binding region. The structural stability of the nominated medications was then evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations, RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and hydrogen bonding. All models are stable at 20 ns during simulation, with no major fluctuations observed. Finally, the top five medications are shown as prospective inhibitors of Keap1 and are the most promising to battle AD.
Repurposing Food Molecules as a Potential BACE1 Inhibitor for Alzheimer's Disease
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-22) Mukerjee, Nobendu; Das, Anubhab; Jawarkar, Rahul D.; Maitra, Swastika; Das, Padmashree; Castrosanto, Melvin A.; Paul, Soumyadip; Samad, Abdul; Zaki, Magdi E. A.; Al-Hussain, Sami A.; Masand, Vijay H.; Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi; Bukhari, Syed Nasir Abbas; Perveen, Asma; Alghamdi, Badrah S.; Alexiou, Athanasios; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad; Dey, Abhijit; Malik, Sumira; Bakal, Ravindra L.; Abuzenadah, Adel Mohammad; Ghosh, Arabinda; Ashraf, Ghulam Md
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder of the brain that manifests as dementia, disorientation, difficulty in speech, and progressive cognitive and behavioral impairment. The emerging therapeutic approach to AD management is the inhibition of β-site APP cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1), known to be one of the two aspartyl proteases that cleave β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). Studies confirmed the association of high BACE1 activity with the proficiency in the formation of β-amyloid-containing neurotic plaques, the characteristics of AD. Only a few FDA-approved BACE1 inhibitors are available in the market, but their adverse off-target effects limit their usage. In this paper, we have used both ligand-based and target-based approaches for drug design. The QSAR study entails creating a multivariate GA-MLR (Genetic Algorithm-Multilinear Regression) model using 552 molecules with acceptable statistical performance (R2 = 0.82, Q2loo = 0.81). According to the QSAR study, the activity has a strong link with various atoms such as aromatic carbons and ring Sulfur, acceptor atoms, sp2-hybridized oxygen, etc. Following that, a database of 26,467 food compounds was primarily used for QSAR-based virtual screening accompanied by the application of the Lipinski rule of five; the elimination of duplicates, salts, and metal derivatives resulted in a truncated dataset of 8,453 molecules. The molecular descriptor was calculated and a well-validated 6-parametric version of the QSAR model was used to predict the bioactivity of the 8,453 food compounds. Following this, the food compounds whose predicted activity (pKi) was observed above 7.0 M were further docked into the BACE1 receptor which gave rise to the Identification of 4-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-1H-phenalen-1-one (PubChem I.D: 4468; Food I.D: FDB017657) as a hit molecule (Binding Affinity = −8.9 kcal/mol, pKi = 7.97 nM, Ki = 10.715 M). Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation for 150 ns and molecular mechanics generalized born and surface area (MMGBSA) study aided in identifying structural motifs involved in interactions with the BACE1 enzyme. Molecular docking and QSAR yielded complementary and congruent results. The validated analyses can be used to improve a drug/lead candidate’s inhibitory efficacy against the BACE1. Thus, our approach is expected to widen the field of study of repurposing nutraceuticals into neuroprotective as well as anti-cancer and anti-viral therapeutic interventions.
Socio-economic Status, Rearing System and Disease Prevalence of Poultry in Southern Part of Chattogram, Bangladesh
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2024-09) Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi
The study was conducted in the southern part of Chattogram (Patiya upazilla) to know about the socio-economic condition, rearing system, and disease prevalence of poultry in the concerned area. The data were collected from randomly selected 100 poultry farmers from fourteen unions. STATA was used to do a statistical analysis on the data. Most of the farmers were male (95%) and middle-aged (65%). More than half of the farmers chose poultry farming as their major vocation, even though only 32% had received training on poultry farming. 95% farms were gable-type (91%) tin-roofed, where broilers and sonali were raised in a litter system and layers were farmed in a cage system. 62% of the farms were in an east-west direction, while 10% of the farms were non-directional. Sawdust was the most frequently used litter material (56%), while rice husk mixed with sawdust were also reported by 32% of farmers. Heat stress is a regular phenomenon in all poultry farms and accounts for 18% of the farms directly affected by excess heat, but farmers took various steps such as using fans, sprays, and sprinkling to reduce the effect of scorching heat. 58% farmers faced a 5-10% mortality rate, and 82% of farmers did postmortem to identify the disease. It is alarming to see that just 12% of farmers were aware of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), despite 66% of farmers having a basic understanding of antibiotics and their applications. The prevalent diseases encountered by the farmers were Infectious Bursal Disease (31%), Newcastle Disease (8%), Aspergillosis (18%), Salmonellosis (20%), Colibacillosis (16%), and Coccidiosis (2%). The occurrence of the disease was due to insufficient biosecurity measures. Only 4% of the farms practiced the fumigation process while 5% of the farms had footbath facilities. Farmers also faced various problems that hindered their poultry farming, among them higher costs of feed and raw materials (97%), a higher price of Day Old Chick (94%), and fluctuating market prices (87%) of poultry products were some on top. The government should provide accessible loan facilities, subsidized costs for feed and DOC, and steady market prices so that the poultry sector becomes more promising and lucrative.
Untitled
(Daffodil International University, 2018-12-09) Ahmed, Soikat Hasan; Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi
In this research we have tried to demonstrate the implementation of a vision based autonomous vehicle to collect real road data and test different types of vision based autonomous robot algorithms. It started with the hardware implementation followed by different test case scenarios. The main goal of this work is to collect real world visual data and train an Artificial Intelligence based vehicle control model which can be used in full size vehicle for autonomous driving and different types of driver assistance . In this stage of the research, we made a rickshaw as our prototype model in purpose of data collection. Index Terms - Autonomous vehicle, Vision Based.