Browsing by Author "Azad, Md. Abul Kalam"

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A Doctoral Thesis On “Studies on the Agricultural Legislation and Technical Prescription Service in Bangladesh”
(American World University, USA, 2011-11-16) Azad, Md. Abul Kalam; Dr. Hirofumi Saneoka; Professor Dr. Md. Sadrul Amin
A series of studies were conducted to identify different aspects of Studies on the Agricultural Legislation and Prescription Services Technology Requirements in Bangladesh in the way of modernizing the agricultural systems. It covered most of the legal, administrative, scientific and technical aspects in the viewpoint of an practitioner in the field of agriculture specially of Crops Science consisting Soils, Plant Protection, Biotechnology and Environment. The other issues and documents of Fisheries, Livestock, Forestry and Machineries were interpreted as related to these studies. The study works were done mostly through collection, classification, processing, compilation and interpretation of documents as far as available. The results show that there were about 63 Statues, Acts, Ordinances, Regulatory Notifications, Policies, Principles, Commission recommendations, emergency orders etc. in Bangladesh on broad agricultural sectors. It has been found that the proportion of Acts among all statues is only 6%, while temporary orders and very old documents of Indian regime covered about 68% those were found to be effective for the modern agriculture in Bangladesh. The acts so far found were also have practical limitations. The Acts relating to give prescription through agriculturist practitioners were found to be very inadequate. The specific formats for legal prescription were not worked out and approved as USA and other developed European countries have done it by 30’s. It has been recommended from the studies that the scientific and technological formats for prescribing materials and methods to be followed in Bangladesh should be done immediately to control prices, access and quality of the deliverables. In the way several formats to be used by an agriculturist practitioner is prepared, tested and finalized. It is recommended that successful fulfilling of these formats validated by examiners for soil, plant protection, seed and machineries covering 60 cases make an agricultural graduate a legal practitioner for Agricultural Services.
A review on the pathophysiology and potential drugs for Covid-19
(BRAC University, 2021-05) Modak, Srijani; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam
The ongoing 2019 coronavirus pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has generated enormous obstacles to the healthcare system worldwide. There seem to be no specific therapeutic agent against the virus currently. Infection preventive and mitigation strategies and supportive treatments are the main area of concern for modern health management. A prospective list of repurposed medicines with suitable pharmacological effects and therapeutic effectiveness in the treatment of COVID-19 patients has been suggested by emerging scientific and clinical evidence about virologic SARS-CoV-2. These medications and therapeutic agents include antiviral agents (remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, lopinavir, favipiravir, oseltamivir, ivermectin) and supportive agents such as; antibiotics, ascorbic acid, corticosteroids, nitric oxide, IL-6 antagonists), biological products, vaccines and many more combinations of therapy.
A review on the rare diseases and subsequent orphan drugs
(BRAC University, 2022-06) Oishi, Nuzhat Anjum; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam
Worldwide among every existing disease, approximately 5000-8000 are often referred to as rare diseases due to their uncommon, chronic, progressive, degenerative, and life-threatening characteristics. This review specifically deals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Friedreich's Ataxia, and Transthyretin Amyloid Polyneuropathy; three rare conditions each with the scope of better orphan treatment opportunities. In spite of some orphan drugs’ improving results for treating each rare disease, it has been however recommended that only a precise and effective orphan treatment can provide optimal life. In response to these rare diseases, substantial cooperation among the stakeholders, funders, orphan drug developers, regulatory authorities, policymakers, governments, and immense global effort is crucial. This review paper is hence a nuanced analysis of ongoing strategies to patently identify rare diseases, three specific rare diseases profile along with their impending orphan drug candidates, and their pre-and post-development challenges.
A review on the therapeutic design and challenges of potential COVID-19 vaccines
(BRAC University, 2021-02) Ziad, Ahmed; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam
An unprecedented emerge of a rapid human-to-human transmissible respiratory illness, known as COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus from December 2019, in Wuhan, China has changed the world drastically. Soon after its emergence the virus caused a serious health emergency that compelled the health officials to declare it an epidemic, followed by a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). In spite of some drug’s improving results for treating the symptoms of COVID-19, it has been however recommended that only an effective vaccine can help get rid of this pandemic. In response to this pandemic an unbelievable effort has been observed to develop a vaccine due to the strong coordination and cooperation among the stakeholders, funders, vaccine developers, regulatory authorities, policy makers, governments etc. In this review the ongoing strategies for developing COVID-19 vaccines, some vaccine candidates and their pre- and post-development challenges have been comparatively analyzed.
A Study on Turbulent and Magneto-hydrodynamic turbulent Flow in Incompressible Fluid
(University of Rajshahi, 2014) Mumtahinah, Mst.; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam
The first chapter is a general introductory chapter and gives the general idea of turbulence, distribution functions and their principal concepts. Some results and theories which are needed in the subsequent chapters have been included in this chapter. Types and examples of turbulence, different stages of Reynolds number, Reynolds equation, averaging rules, Coriolis effect etc have been briefly discussed. Distribution functions, Joint distribution functions, equation of motion of dust particles, spectral representation of turbulence and Fourier Transformation of the Navier-Stockes equation have also been discussed. Lastly, a brief review of the past researchers related to this thesis have also been studied in this chapter. Throughout the work we have considered the flow of fluids to be isotropic and homogeneous. The notions generally adopted are those used by Taylor, Vonkarman, Hinze, Reynolds, Deissler, Sarker, Kisore, Batchelor, Coriolis and Lundgren. The Second chapter consist of two parts. In part A, we have studied the decay of temperature fluctuations in dusty fluid homogeneous turbulence prior to the final period considering correlations between fluctuating quantities at two- and three- point. In this part we have tried to solve the correlation equations by converting it to spectral form by taking their Fourier transform. Lastly, by integrating the energy spectrum over all wave numbers, the energy decay law of temperature fluctuations in homogeneous turbulence before the final period in presence of dust particle is obtained. In part B, we have studied the decay of temperature fluctuations in dusty fluid homogeneous turbulence before the final period in presence of Coriolis force and have considered correlations between fluctuating quantities at two- and three- points by neglecting the fourth order correlation in comparison to the second and third order correlations. The correlation equations for two- and three- point in a rotating system in presence of dust particles are obtained and these equations are converted to spectral form by taking their Fourier transforms. Finally by integrating the energy spectrum over all wave numbers, the energy decay law of temperature fluctuations in homogeneous dusty fluid turbulence before the final period in presence of Coriolis force is obtained. The Third chapter consists of two parts. In part A, we have studied the joint distribution functions for simultaneous velocity, temperature, concentration fields in turbulent flow undergoing a first order reaction in presence of Coriolis force. The various properties of the constructed joint distribution functions have been discussed. In this chapter we have tried to derive the transport equations for one and two point joint distribution functions of velocity, temperature, concentration in convective turbulent flow due to first order reaction in presence of coriolis force. In part B, we have an attempt to derive the transport equation for the joint distribution function of certain variables in convective turbulent flow undergoing a first order reaction in a rotating system in presence of dust particles. Equations for the evolution of one- point and two- point joint distribution function for velocity, temperature and concentration in convective turbulent flow field undergoing first- order reaction in a rotating system in presence of dust particles have been derived. Finally we have made a result with comparison of the equation for one- point distribution function in the case of zero coriolis force in the absence of the dust particles and negligible diffusivity. In Chapter four, we have studied the statistical theory of certain variables for three- point distribution functions in MHD turbulent flow in a rotating system in presence of dust particles. In this chapter we have made an attempt to derive the transport equations for evolution of distribution functions for simultaneous velocity, magnetic, temperature and concentration fields in MHD turbulent flow due to Coriolis force in presence of dust particles and various properties of the distribution function have been discussed. In Chapter five, we have made an attempt to discuss the summary about the whole thesis.
A systematic review of stock market responses to COVID-19 and future research agendas
(Scopus, 2024-09-03) Rahman;, Md. Azizur; Bhowmik;, Roni; Islam;, Md. Saiful; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam
Worldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced stock markets in different dimensions. This paper examines the stock market responses to COVID-19 recently and explores future research agendas. This study considers both bibliometric methods and systematic literature reviews with PRISMA guidelines. In the bibliometric part, we found that authors from China or Chinese collaborations make the highest contributions regarding the number of publications, country-wise corresponding authorship, and countries' collaboration network. However, China or Chinese collaboration papers tend to be lower in terms of the average citation score of publications compared to other top publishing countries. Second, literature review reveals that COVID-19 has positively and negatively affected global stock markets. Finally, we discuss some prospective research agendas, which clarifies the direction of future studies. Universities, organisations, and researchers in this field can use these helpful reviews to do research and learn more about future research agendas.
Adopting Factors of Electronic Human Resource Management: Evidence from Bangladesh
(IEEE, 2016-10-28) Masum, Abdul Kadar Muhammad; Alam, Md. Golam Rabiul; Alam, Mohammed Shamsul; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam
The incorporation of information technology (IT) instincts the legacy of human resource management (HRM) towards agile HRM. To achieve agility, this paper explores the factors or determinants inducing the organisation decisions to adopt electronic human resource management (eHRM) in organisations of Bangladesh through structural equation modeling (SEM) of data science. To realize the influencing determinants, a research model was developed based on technology-organisation-environment (TOE) model. A total number of 320 respondents were participated from 48 organisations in Bangladesh using simple random sampling. The SEM results indicate that perceived compatibility, perceived cost, top management support, organisational culture, centralisation, IT vendor support, and government support have significant influence on management decision of e-HRM adoption. The applied implication of the findings and the scope of future studies are deliberated at the end of this paper.
Application of a Distributed Verification in Islamic Microfinance Institutions
(Springer, 22-08-26) Hassan, M. Kabir; Wanke, Peter; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam; Rahman, Md. Azizur; Akther, Naznin
The literature gap in microfinance paradox of double bottom line (financial performance vs. outreach) has always been an interesting area of research. This paper proposes a theoretical model most suitable for Islamic Microfnance Institutions (MFIs) which enables Islamic MFIs’ to operate together with the existing fnancial models compliant with Islamic Shariah Law. This model is based on a distributed verifcation/ decision-making process that might be realized (but not necessary) through blockchain. Among the available distributed verifcation techniques, blockchain technology is an attractive emerging computing paradigm due to its decentralized, immutable, shared, and secure data structure characteristics. This model proposes three signifcant propositions. First, sharing information through blockchain will allow a transparent network in MFI operations, which will raise confdence for donors resulting in a causal efect of a relatively lower proft rate to be charged by the MFIs. Second, the consensus mechanism will enable risk-sharing, a character of Islamic fnance; thus, the MFIs will operate without any collateral for low-risk frms. Third, the double bottom line of MFIs’ long-lasting paradox would be solved. As for practical implication of this proposed model, the causal impact of lower cost investment by the lenders would increase social welfare because of no collateral and no initial wealth requirement. The proposed model proposes a credit rationing approach where proft can be negative. No collateral will be used when calculating the creditworthiness of a borrower.
Assessment of public women polytechnic teachers‟ attitude toward using ICT in teaching engineering courses in Bangladesh
(Department of Technical and Vocational Education, Islamic University of Technology, Board Bazar, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2018-11-15) Azad, Md. Abul Kalam
Information and communication technology (ICT) have become continuously more important to education system over the past few era. There are outspread of research exists to explore and study the use of ICT in the process of teaching-learning in technical and Vocational Education (TVET). This research evaluated four public women polytechnic teacher’s attitude applying in the polytechnic institutes in teaching for the engineering subject in Bangladesh from the perspective of teachers and students. The aim of the study is to identify the level of attitude (excellent, very good, good, moderate, poor) using ICT for the engineering subject in polytechnic institutes, to identify difficulties of using ICTs in the teaching and learning, and to suggest how to improve attitude of the teacher’s toward using ICT in teaching for the engineering subject. This is the quantitative research. The study will delimit by only public women Polytechnic institutes. The subject of the research was the teachers, students and the head of the department of computer Technology, Electronics Technology and Architecture Technology. A total number of 4 polytechnic were selected to collect the research data. The research adopted the methods to collect research data by using questionnaires from teachers and the head of the department of Computer Technology, Electronics Technology and Architecture Technology from polytechnic institutes of Bangladesh. Almost 75% to 80% teachers were selected to carry out the research data. Then, the research data have been analyzed by the SPSS software 25.0.The results from the analysis shown that assess female polytechnic teacher’s attitude to using ICT during teaching engineering subjects was significant at the difference of 0.05 significance level but it was found that the mean value obtained the public women polytechnic teachers are using very good ICT during teaching in classroom. difficulties faced by teachers of using ICTs in the teaching learning in classroom was not significantly difference but it was found that the mean value obtained the public women polytechnic institutes teachers are faced difficulties when using ICT in classroom and their institutions. In the statement wise Chi-square test it was found majority of teachers were facing difficulties to use ICT in classroom during teaching engineering subject. They were also faced problem with labs, internet equipment’s and teaching materials during their study. The findings of the study may provide useful information to the authorities of TVET as well as to polytechnic institutes in order to improve teacher’s performance and teachers’ technical skills in use of ICT. The study may also help to identify the problems and throw some light on how to overcome the problems related to implementing integrated curriculum and other related institutional facilities.
BOOLEAN LATTICES WITH SECTIONAL SWITCHING MAPPINGS
(Daffodil International University, 2010-07-01) Azad, Md. Abul Kalam; Hasan, Md.Nazmul; Rahman, Md. Zaidur
Consider a Boolean lattice with a greatest element 1. An interval for (1,,L,LW43;W44;= ) []1a,LaW12; is called a section. In each Section an antitone bijection is defined. We characterize these Lattices by means of two induced binary operations providing that the resulting algebras from a variety. A mapping f, of on to itself is called a switching mapping if and for. We have If for [1a, ] []1a,()()a1f1,af==[]1xa,1a,xX00;X00;W12;()1xfaX00;X00;qpL,qp,X04;W12; the mapping on the section is determined by that of [ , [1] it is shown that the compatibility condition is satisfied . We have got conditions for antitone of switching mapping and a connections with complementation in sections is shown.
Design and optimization of photonic crystal fiber for liquid sensing applications
(Springer, 2016-06-16) Arif, Md. Faizul Huq; Ahmed, Kawsar; Asaduzzaman, Sayed; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam
This paper proposes a hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) structure with high relative sensitivity for liquid sensing; in which both core and cladding are microstructures. Numerical investigation is carried out by employing the full vectorial finite element method (FEM). The analysis has been done in four stages of the proposed structure. The investigation shows that the proposed structure achieves higher relative sensitivity by increasing the diameter of the innermost ring air holes in the cladding. Moreover, placing a single channel instead of using a group of tiny channels increases the relative sensitivity effectively. Investigating the effects of different parameters, the optimized structure shows significantly higher relative sensitivity with a low confinement loss. Full Text Link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13320-016-0323-y
Eco- friendly Pest Control in Vegetable Fields Using Botanicals form Jute (Corchorus capsularies)
(University of Rajshahi, 2015) Sultana, Papia; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam; Alam, Md. Jahangir
The study consists of two different types of experiments: screening of botanicals and evaluation of the comparative performances of siperin and botanicals including jute seed for the control of vegetables pest. This Ph.D. research work was carried out in three years (July, 2011-June, 2014) in the laboratory of the Entomology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensing and Botanical Pesticides Lab., Institute of Environmental Science, Rajshahi University. In the screening experiment, extracts of ten selected botanicals viz. jute seed (Corchorus capsularies), jute leaves (Corchorus capsularies), urmoi leaves (Sapium imdicum), arahar leaves (Cajanus cajan), custard apple leaves (Annona reticuleta), ganda leaves and stems (Tagetes patula), nisinda leaves (Vitex negundo), lantana leaves (Lantana camara), kalomegh leaves and stems (Andrographis paniculata) and holde hurhuri (Cleome viscosa) were applied on red pumpkin beetle, black bean aphid and okra jassid and ovserved the significamnt mortality (%) at the different days of intervals. In case of red pumpkin beetle, jute seed exerted the mortality upto 70% at 24 hours, which reached to 83.33% at 48, 72 and 96 hours, respectively. During this period, jute seed showed about 1.90, 1.49, 4.19, 1.10, 7.00, 3.00, 1.49, 4.19 and 5.25 times higher performances in comparison with jute leaves, urmoi leaves, arhar leaves, custard apple leaves, ganda leaves, nisinda leaves, lantana leaves, kalomegh and halde hurhuri, respectively. This trend of insecticidal efficiences were also almost applicable in black been aphid and okra jassid at 12, 24, 36 and 48 hrs. However, there was no significant variation between the botanicals but in most of the cases, jute seed showed the highest performance whereas custard apple leaves and urmoi leaves ranked in the 2nd and 3rd highest positions, respectively. After screening three best botanicals eg. jute seeds, custard apple leaves and urmoi leaves were applied on red pumpkin beetle, black bean aphid and okra jassid (@ 5%, 7.5% and 10%) along with chemical insecticide siperin (@ 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.2%) in the laboratory condition. This study identified significant effect of botanicals as well as siperin on the mortality (%) of red pumpkin beetle. Siperin caused 63.33% mortality after 96 hrs. In the same interval (96 hrs) jute seed and custard apple leaves as well as urmoi leaves showed mortality upto 46.50, 38.33 and 37.50%. The study also found that the significant effect of botanicals and siperin on % weight loss of cucumber leaves where siperin caused lowest (28.02%) and jute seed produced the 2nd minimum 29.74 % wt. loss, respectively. The study also measured the mortality (%) of black bean aphid upto 66.67% for siperin, 53.36 % from jute seed, 44.17% from custard apple leaves and 42.50% from urmoi leaves after 48 hrs intervals. On the other hand, mortality (%) of okra jassid found upto 62.08% in siperin whereas jute seed, custard apple and urmoi leaves revealed 48.75, 36.67 and 35.00% mortality, respectively at the same interval. Howover, the study confirmed that a higher concentration of botanicals and a long treatment time ensured more % mortality of red pumpkin beetle, black bean aphid and okra jassid. The study also estimated the significant effect of siperin (0.1%) and botanicals (10%) on growth parameters and yield of vegetables, cucumber (3.96 kg/plant as the highest yield such even than that of siperin), country bean (1.78 kg/plant as the 2nd highest pod yield just after siperin) and okra (0.854 kg/plant having no statistical differences with siperin). The study concluded that amongst the studied botanicals, jute seed mostly minimized the insect infestation, control treatment gave the lowest performences in respect to vegetative growth and yield as well as insect infestation in cucumber, country bean and okra fields.
EFFECT OF SIZE MATERIAL ON JUTE-COTTON UNION FABRIC
(Daffodil International University, 2009-07-01) Azad, Md. Abul Kalam; Jafrin, Shamina
A study was performed on the jute- cotton union fabric to show the effect of sizing on the properties of union fabric. Here, the cotton yarn was used in the warp direction and jute yarn was used in the weft direction. The size material was used only for warp yarn that is for cotton yarn. From the experimental results, it was seen that the strength of the sized union fabric was better than the unsized union fabric although the other properties were similar to each other. Comparing the properties of union fabric with 100% cotton fabric, union fabric (jute-cotton) may be the replacement of 100% same category of cotton fabric.
Environmental Impact of Teesta Barrage on the Command Area in Bangladesh
(University of Rajshahi, 2014) Roy, Sunil Chandra; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam; Rahman, Md. Lutfor
Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) has implemented Teesta Barrage Irrigation Project in 1994. The objectives of this mega project were flood control and creation of supplementary irrigation facilities for an area of 1,54,250 ha under the greater Rangpur district. This study was conducted to identify the environmental impact of Teesta Barrage Irrigation Project on agriculture, groundwater and rainfall in the project area by trend analysis of two periods: before and after project. For trend analysis 22 years (1983- 2004) ground water table and 20 years (1984-2003) rainfall data were used. From ground water data analysis, it is found that seasonal mean ground water table was up in post-project period (1994-2005) of Teesta Barrage Irrigation Project and level was down in pre-project period (1982-1993). The mean differences of ground water table of these two periods was significantly different (0.01% level) in all six seasons of summer, rainy, autumn, late autumn, winter, spring and summer. Therefore, it is concluded that Teesta Barrage Irrigation Project has positive impact on ground water resources and improved the ground water table in the command area. From rainfall data analysis, it is observed that mean rainfall in post-project period (1994-2003) of Teesta Barrage Irrigation Project was increased in all six seasons in the study area compare to mean rainfall of pre-project period (1984-1993). However, the mean difference rainfall between the periods (1984-1993) & (1984-2003) was found significant only in winter season. Therefore, it is concluded that Teesta Barrage Irrigation Project has positive impacts on rainfall pattern in the project area. As per respondents’ opinion, Teesta Barrage Irrigation Project has also positive impacts on the following environmental components. i) Increased food production for HYV-Boro and T-aman cultivation ii) Increased fruiting plants and social forest plantation iii) Increased drinking water availability iv) Decreased water born diseases v) Improved income and standard of life of local people However, Teesta Barrage Irrigation Project has reduced the open fisheries in the project area. Jute and aus cultivation are dramatically reduced in this area.
Estimation of solar radiation in data-scarce subtropical region using ensemble learning models based on a novel CART-based feature selection
(2023-09-15) Azad, Md. Abul Kalam; Mallick, Javed; Towfiqul Islam, Abu Reza Md.; Ayen, Kurratul; Hasanuzzaman, Md.
Solar radiation estimation is essential with increasing energy demands for industrial and agricultural purposes to create a cleaner environment, negotiate climate change impacts, and attain sustainable development. However, the maintenance and operation of solar radiation measurements are costly due to the lack of pyranometers or their failure; hence, obtaining reliable solar radiation data is challenging in many subtropical regions. Despite its importance, a few studies use machine learning algorithms for solar radiation estimation in Bangladesh. To this end, this study contributes to filling the gap twofold. First, we presented the potentials of ensemble models, such as Bagging-REPT (reduced error pruning tree), random forest (RF), and Bagging-RF, which were compared to three standalone models, namely, Gaussian process regression (GPR), artificial neural network (ANN), and support vector machine (SVM), for estimating daily global solar radiation in three Bangladeshi regions. Second, we explore the optimal input parameters influencing solar radiation change at the regional scale using a classification and regression tree (CART)-based feature selection tool. Satellite-derived ERA5 reanalysis and NASA POWER project datasets were used as input parameters. The performance of the models was compared using performance evaluation metrics like correlation coefficient (r), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), index of agreement (IA), and Taylor diagram. Results suggested that the RF model performed 5.47–37.22% better than the standalone models in estimating daily solar radiation at Chuadanga in terms of RMSE. Besides, the other ensemble model Bagging-RF showed 14.9–25.03% and 11.46–30.97% greater performances in Dinajpur and Satkhira than the conventional models in RMSE metric. Besides, this study may provide knowledge to the policymakers to make critical judgments on future energy yield, efficiency, productivity, and operation, which are essential elements for investments and solar energy conversion applications in the subtropical areas of the world.
Ethnobotanical Study of Some Selected Plants Used in the Treatment of Skin and Diabetic Diseases in Bangladesh
(University of Rajshahi, 2020) Sadat, A F M Nazmus; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam; Rahman, Md. Matiar
This study investigated the indigenous people’s belief on some medicinal plants those commercially used to cure different types of skin diseases as well as diabetic diseases in Bangladesh. It was observed that around 400 to 1000 medicinal plants available in Bangladesh listed in different database. In the present study ten potential medicinal plants were selected based on their skin diseases curing ability and the anti-diabetic properties through ethnobotanical study. Around 176 peer reviewed publications connected to 24 major tribes’ lives in Bangladesh were studied during selection of plants. Ultimately fresh leaves of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Babla (Acacia nilotica), Pathorkuchi (Bryophyllum pinnatum), Sojna (Moringa oleifera) and Asham lota (Mikania cordata); fresh stems of Shornolota (Cuscuta reflexa); dried leaves of Papaya (Carica papaya) and Telakochu (Coccinia grandis); dried seeds of Ajawin (Carum copticum) and finally Kalo Jera (Nigella sativa) were enrolled in the present study. The pharmacological actions of these selected plants were assessed scientifically under a controlled laboratory setup. A comparatively noble and green extraction procedure named “Aqueous Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Method” was used for the preparation of crude extract which provided significantly high yield percentages. More than 30% yield was observed from the dried plant’s parts of N. sativa, C. grandis and C. papaya through this extraction procedure. Around 15% extraction was observed from fresh leaves of A. nilotica, A. indica and C. reflexa, however, still higher than the expected (10%) yield. Promising extraction also found from M. oleifera (17.42%), M. cordata (18%), C. copticum (19.14%) and B. pinnatum (21.59%). Most of the crude extracts were found acidic in nature except C. papaya and C. grandis. It was observed that M. cordata and C. copticum added more basic compounds during the extraction procedure observed by the pH changes of the solution before and after ultrasound treatment. Drastic pH changes were observed after ultrasound treatment on the plant material and indicated the nature of compound extracted from the plant parts. Crude extracts were dried by conventional water bath at 550C and preserved in a glass vial under freezing condition for further use. Crude extracts were undergone different phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Gram positive bacteria S. aureus, S. pyogenes and gram negative bacteria E. coli as well as fungi C. lunata, F. chlamydosporum and M. furfur were enrolled in the present study having distinct association on different types of skin diseases. Seven more pathogenic bacteria and 2 fungi were also included in the presents study for comparison of the antimicrobial activities. Antimicrobial activities were conducted by disc diffusion method and found promising antimicrobial activity of Azadirachta indica (against S. aureus), Acacia nilotica (against S. pyogenes and S. aureus), Bryophyllum pinnatum (against S. pyogenes, S. aureus and E. coli), Cuscuta reflexa (against S. aureus and S. pyogenes) and Moringa oleifera (against S. pyogenes). Comparatively poor sensitivity was observed against three enlisted fungi. These plants may be considered potential antimicrobial agents and may be suitable for curing different types of microorganism infected skin diseases. Three types of hypoglycemic studies were conducted to observe the anti-diabetic properties of the plants. Most of the enrolled plants were showed distinct properties on lowering blood glucose level of the dexamethasone induced diabetic mice. However extracts of A. indica, B. pinnatum, C. reflexa, C. papaya and C. grandis were showed very promising anti-diabetic effect almost similar to the standard anti-diabetic drug glibenclamide. From cytotoxic study all crude extracts were proved safer than the standard drug erythromycin and tetracycline. A purification stages were also performed by using a basic partition theory, and was observed that sufficient purifications were performed which may be considered for large scale purification including industrial setup. The whole study was conducted by minimum impact on the environment. From this study we justified the use of some ethnobotanicals for the treatment of different types of pathogenic skin diseases and diabetic disease.
Evaluation of Genetic Nature and Selection Index Study of Yield and Yield Components in Irradiated Lines of Lentil (Lens Culinaris Medic)
(University of Rajshahi, 2013) Azad, Md. Abul Kalam; Khaleque, M. A.
The whole work of the present investigation was carried out under two separate parts, such as triple test cross and correlation, path-coefficient and selection index. Under two parts the eight yield and yield contributing characters of ientil (Lens culinaris Medic.) studied, were plant height at first flowering (PJ;IFF), number of branches per plant at maximum flowering (NBPiv1F), plant area per plant (PAPP), plant weight per plant (PWPP), number of pods per plant (NPdPP), pod weight per plant (PdWPP), number of seeds per plant (NSPP) and seed weight per plant (SWPP). In part-I, triple test cross were studied in ten crosses. In the analysis of variance the total epistasis and partitioning of the total epistasis into i (additive x additive), j (additive x dominance) and I type (dominance x dominance) epistasis were found to be non significant in almost all of the crosses for all the characters except PHFF ( cross 3 and cross 9). So, in the absence of epistasis L1, L2 and L3 testers are adequate and the estimation of additive (D) and dominance (H) components were calculated. Both the additive and dominance components were found to be highly significant in all the crosses for all the characters. So, both additive and dominance gene action were observed to be equally important for all the characters in the present work. Regarding the degree of dominance all the three types viz., over, complete and partial dominance were found to be present. The negative and significant correlation between sums and differences was observed in cross 4 (-0.744*) for PHPP, in cross 6 (-0.8015**) for NPdPP, in cross 3 (- 0.6556*) for PdWPP and in cross 3 (-0.7229*) for SWPP. All other crosses with their respective characters showed non-significant correlation. Both broad sense and narrow sense heritability estimates were found to be low to high in all the crosses for all the characters. The cross 7(Bml-20kr x Lll- 30kr) for seed yield and yield components followed by cross 8 (Bm4-30kr x Bm3) and cross 5(Bml-25kr x Ll 1-30kr) for some of the yield components may be selected for further breeding research, as they showed moderate to high heritability, additive-dominance inheritance and non-significant epistasis. In part H, correlation, path-coefficient and selection index of thirteen parental lines were investigated. The lines were genetically well differentiated as indicated by the analysis of variance. The character PAPP, 2 NSPP and NP.dPP showed the highest values for
Face Detection Door Lock with Home Automation
(Daffodil International University, 2019-05-01) Azad, Md. Abul Kalam
Nowadays we face a big problem to securing our residence, expensive goods by simple lock. Day by day the thief becomes so expert. They can break any simple lock. To secure our own house and expensive goods, I made an IoT base security system that helps us with very effectively called “FACE DETECTION DOOR LOCK WITH HOME AUTOMATION”. The lock will be controlled with the help of microcontroller-based system having face detection door unlock, password match unlock, Bluetooth connected door unlock and AC load control by android phone, IR remote controlled door unlock and AC load control. We can unlock our door lock by authorized person face, IR remote and Bluetooth connected android phone. We also can control our home’s AC loads by IR remote & Android phone. Main goal of this project is securing our home from unauthorized person.
Ground Water Arsenic Contamination and Its Accumulation into Different Varieties of Rice
(University of Rajshahi, 2016) Mondal, A.H.M. Firoz Kabir; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam; Hossain, Ismail; Moniruzzaman, Md.
HYV rice BR-11 and BRRI dhan-50 were grown in an open-field Gangetic soil conditions with arsenic amended irrigation water and normal tap-water in experimental plot at Institute of Environmental Science of University of Rajshahi during August to December 2011 and February to June 2012, respectively. Whereas HYV rice BRRI dhan-36, local Boro variety Somsi and local Aman varieties (Mowka and Shorna) were also cultivated in an actual paddy field conditions with arsenic contaminated STW irrigation water in experimental plots at Mandal para village of Shahbajpur union under Shibganj upazila of Chapai Nawabganj district of Bangladesh during February to June 2012 and July to November 2012, respectively. The main objectives of this study were to observe the effect of arsenic (As) on rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants and the effect of arsenic contaminated pump distance and paddy field elevation on arsenic accumulation into HYV Boro and Aman rice. The tillers number, panicle length and grain yield of BR-11 rice were found to decrease significantly (p≤0.05) with increase of arsenic (As) concentration in irrigation water. Arsenic in irrigation water showed a strong positive correlations with arsenic accumulation into soil, straw and grain, and the trend of accumulation was found as water > soil > straw > grain. Chlorophyll contents of BRRI dhan-50 rice leaves were significantly decreased with increasing of soil residual arsenic. Grain and straw yield were not significantly affected by soil residual arsenic. A significant (p ≤ 0.01) increasing trend of arsenic accumulation into straw and grain was observed with increasing of soil residual arsenic. Arsenic accumulation in drainage sediments, paddy field soil, rice straw and grain were decreased significantly (p<0.01) with increasing of arsenic contaminated pump distance during dry season for Boro cultivation period. Arsenic accumulation in paddy soil, rice straw and grain had significant (p<0.01) negative correlation with paddy field elevation from mean sea level during Aman period (rainy season). Dry season hybrid rice varieties (BRRI dhan 50, BRRI dhan 36) accumulated more arsenic than rainy season local non-hybrid rice varieties. Highest arsenic accumulation in rice grain was 0.97±0.01 mg/kg, but not exceeded the WHO recommended permissible limit 1 mg/kg. Local non-hybrid rice varieties should be selected for arsenic contaminated area. Rice cultivation in upland and irrigation from distanced pump is suggested for less arsenic contamination.
Immunotherapy in the treatment of renal cancer
(BRAC University, 2022-01) Shimu, Sumaya; Azad, Md. Abul Kalam
Renal cancer is fourteenth most common cancer worldwide which is currently increasing in alarming rate. Many people are dying of renal cancer every day. In this situation, finding out an efficient treatment option has become a challenge to the scientists. Immunotherapy has brought a significant impact in terms of treating the renal sarcoma patients by leveraging the immune system and causing tumor regression. Due to having poor prognosis and respond in radiotherapy and chemotherapy, this method of immunotherapy has expanded the opportunity of treatment. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is considered to be the most immunogenic tumors in human body. Because of being diffused by the cells of immune system, these cells perform very actively in the field of immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has brought a great success and widened up several opportunities for the patients. There has been developed several ways of immunotherapy treatment along with analyzing the challenges and future aspects for this treatment.