Browsing by Author "Asaduzzaman, Muhammad"

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A study on antibiotic resistance pattern among patients of a selected hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2024-11) Sultana, Adiba; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad
The recent emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens poses a significant threat to global public health. The major objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates collected at a selected hospital of Bangladesh. Out of 1890 samples, only 489 showed positive for pathogens. Among the isolates, Escherichia coli (51%) was the most prevalent, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (21%), Salmonella typhi (8.6%), Pseudomonas spp. (7.2%), Acinetobacter spp. (5.3%), Streptococcus spp. (4.9%), Klebsiella spp. (1.6%) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (0.2%). Male patients (n = 94, 19%) were found to be infected mostly with Salmonella typhi (27%) whereas female patients (n = 395, 81%) were more susceptible to E. coli (58%). Among the isolates, 83% were MDR with an MAR index of 0.03-0.45. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the current status of antibiotic resistance and helps develop strategies for effective management and containment of MDR infections.
A study on antibiotic resistance pattern among patients of a selected hospital in Narayanganj, Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2024-04) Khan, Shahin; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad
The emergence and spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens pose a significant threat to global public health, challenging the efficacy of antimicrobial treatments and leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. This study aimed was to investigate the prevalence of MDR pathogens and their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns in clinical from a selected hospital in Narayanganj, Bangladesh. This retrospective study was conducted using clinical records from Pro-Active Medical College & Hospital Limited Microbiology Laboratory between January, 2021 to September, 2023. Out of a total of 2340 samples, only 650 showed the presence of pathogens. These isolates were isolated from various specimens, like urine, stool, blood, and other biological body fluids. Then the data was analyzed according to including age, gender, and antibiotic susceptibility. Patients were divided into three groups based on their age: 0–20, 21–60, and 61–100+. The resistance pattern and distribution of these pathogens according to gender and age were prepared. The MAR Index and MDR percentages were determined. Among the 650 isolates, E. coli (64%) was found to be the most common, followed by S. typhi (18%), S. aureus (8%), Klebsiella spp. (7%), and others. The results reveal a concerning trend of rising MDR pathogen prevalence, particularly among Gramme-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Salmonella typhi. Additionally, the study highlights variations in antimicrobial resistance patterns according to gender and age based on local epidemiological data. The study revealed that 433 (66.6%) of the positive infections were recovered from females. According to the data, the age group of 1–10 years old had the highest percentage of infected patients (25.1%), followed by the age group of 21–30 years old (18.6%). Additionally, the data revealed that male patients had a higher susceptibility to S. typhi (28.6%), while female patients had a higher susceptibility to E. coli (73.4%). Furthermore, the analysis underscores the importance of antimicrobial stewardship vi programs and infection control measures in mitigating the spread of MDR pathogens. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the current landscape of antimicrobial resistance, which will help to form strategies for effective management and containment of MDR infections.
Bioinformatic analysis of differentially-expressed genes corregulated by NOTCH in breast cancer
(BRAC University, 2024-05) Asaduzzaman, Muhammad
Breast cancer development and progression require the involvement of an array of cell signaling pathways and biological processes, the NOTCH signaling pathway being of particular interest. The NOTCH pathway, although extensively regulated, is a highly resourceful pathway due to its apparent relativity with other cellular pathways. This expands the pathway’s ability to directly or indirectly influence and regulate other biological processes in order to repress proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, differentiation, of malignant cells while promoting their apoptosis in breast cancer. Recently, researchers have focused on NOTCH signaling and its relationship to anti-tumor immunity. Hence, this study intended to conduct a bioinformatic analysis of NOTCH pathway, its related components and genes in breast cancer to identify possible druggable targets (genes) for developing novel anti-cancer molecules in management and treatment of breast cancer. The potential targets include TEK, ENG, KDR, NOS3, IGF1, PPARG, ACVRL1, ADIPOQ, and TGFBR2. The current study collected primary data from KEGG Database, GSEA, UALCAN, cBioPortal, GEPIA 2, ShinyGO and SNPs3D to establish a list of genes that are plausible candidates to consider for rational drug development.
Bioinformatics analyses of key regulators of NF-κB pathway in relation with small cell lung carcinoma
(BRAC University, 2024-07) Zangmo, Thinley; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad
Small cell lung cancer is the most aggressive form of cancer and its progression is very fast and quick. The NF-kB pathway and small cell lung cancer are connected to each other. Despite all the findings and the advanced technologies, due to its challenges associated with its aggressive progressions of small cell lung cancer, only few clinical trials are currently available for SCLC. It has limited treatment options and lacks the targetable biomarkers (Patel & Das, 2023). The NF-kB pathway extensively regulates the pathogenesis of SCLC by promoting tumor development and progression. Additionally, the irregular activation of NF-κB can lead inflammation, development of the autoimmune diseases and malignant disorders, namely atherosclerosis and malignant neoplasm (Park & Hong, 2016). Therefore, it's important to understand and to identify how NF-κB pathway influences the progression of the cancer in the SCLC through the application of the various bioinformatics tools. This study highlights how NF-κB pathway influences the progression of the cancer. The present study also helps in the identification of the key genes that are responsible for SCLC in the NF-κB pathway using the spearman’s correlation limit, finding the numbers of correlated genes and filtering the genes by using different bioinformatics techniques and approaches. NFKB2, ITGB2, PRKCD, RELB, BCL3, STAT6 and RIPK1 play critical role in the cellular growth and progression, cell survival, apoptosis, immune response and survival of the cancer patients. Finally, understanding the survival rate of the patient and pinpointing the critical pathways that can be targeted.
Bioinformatics based exploration on STAT3 driven molecular pathways and therapeutic targets in lung adenocarcinoma
(BRAC University, 2024-09) Islam, Ferdousi; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad
The research identified and analyzed genes related to the STAT3 pathway, which plays a crucial role in lung adenocarcinoma progression and treatment resistance. Thus, using BioPortal, Harmonizome, and KEGG PATHWAY several genes including HRAS, SMAD2, IQGAP1, and NFKB1 were considered as significantly co-expressed with STAT3. These genes were also reported to affect different cancer pathways, which are Ras, TGF-beta and NF-kappa B signaling all of which are core to cancer cell proliferation and survival. The pathway analysis of STAT3 target genes demonstrated that the TGF-beta signaling and MAPK signaling pathways are most relevant to lung cancer cases proving their key role in STAT3 mediated tumorigenesis. These findings also point to possible new therapeutic targets to improve the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma, because the pathways detected could represent avenues for molecular therapies that the current standard treatment of chemotherapy and radiation does not fully address, and are likely to provide better survival outcomes.
Enterotoxin-specific immunoglobulin E responses in humans after infection or vaccination with diarrhea-causing enteropathogens
(2000) Qadri, Firdausi; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad; Wennerås, Christine; Mohi, Golam; Albert, M. John; Salam, Mohammad Abdus; Sack, R. Bradley; Jertborn, Marianne; McGhee, Jerry R.; Sack, David A.; Holmgren, Jan
Human antibody response to longus type IV pilus and study of its prevalence among enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Bangladesh by using monoclonal antibodies
(2000) Qadri, Firdausi; Girón, Jorge A.; Helander, Anna; Begum, Yasmin A.; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad; Xicohténcatl-Cortes, Juan; Negrete, Erasma; Albert, M. John
Investigation on antimicrobial resistance pattern of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from patients of Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2025-09) Islam, Sadatul; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Acinetobacter spp. is becoming prevalent and poses a significant danger to worldwide public health. A total of 4247 culture sensitivity data were analysed from BIRDEM General Hospital Microbiology Laboratory, Dhaka, along with patient demographics for the last three years (2022 – 2024) from diverse biological specimens, including urine, pus, blood and other biological fluids. The most prevalent pathogen was Escherichia coli (n=1482), followed by Klebsiella spp. (n=1084), Pseudomonas spp. (n=550), Acinetobacter spp. (n=306) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=215). Highest level of antibiotic resistance was exhibited against ciprofloxacin (88.0%), amoxicillin (75.7%), cefixime (75.3%), and cefuroxime (74.2%). A subset of 18 Acinetobacter spp. clinical isolates was cultured for confirmatory testing by PCR. Among 18 Acinetobacter spp. clinical isolates, 16 were PCR-positive. There was 80% total MDR and 20% was non-MDR. Among the clinical isolates 88.9% (n=16) were MDR. Interestingly, there were a single PDR (n=1) isolate. Complete (100%) resistance was exhibited against ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, followed by amoxicillin (98%), meropenem (95%), and cefixime (94%). Overall findings highlight a deteriorating public health issue that necessitates urgent intervention to halt AMR.
Investigation on antimicrobial resistance pattern of Escherichia coli isolated from patients of Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2025-09) Tasnim, Jarin; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad
In Bangladesh, the rise of antibacterial resistance in Escherichia coli is concerning and has become a growing public health threat. We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical records of culture sensitivity data from Khulna for the last three years (2023–2025). Among 600 infection-positive samples, E. coli identified as the most prevalent organism, accounting for 34.5% of female and 27.5% of male cases. A subset of 35 E. coli isolates was cultured for identification by PCR. By Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, AST was estimated and explained with CLSI criteria. Among 35 E. coli isolates, 30 (85.7%) were PCR-positive. Multiple drug resistance was detected in 93% and only 7% classified as Non-MDR, showing high resistance levels to all antibiotic classes which is a major concern. Highest resistance level was exhibited against metronidazole (100%) followed by cephalexin (93.4%), amoxiclav (92.2%) and azithromycin (90.4%). The speed with which resistance can spread in the country confirms the worrying rise of public health problems and necessitates immediate attention to overcome AMR.
Investigation on antimicrobial resistance pattern of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from patients of Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2025-08) Jinia, Nusrat Jahan; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Pseudomonas spp. represents a critical public health challenge in Southeast Asian countries including Bangladesh. This study employed analysis of three years of retrospective hospital records from Feni (n=540) and prospective laboratory detection and antimicrobial sensitivity study of isolates (n=28). Retrospective findings showed Pseudomonas spp. as a common wound and pus pathogen, with 57% of cases in male patients and widespread multidrug resistance (MDR), though carbapenems retained relative effectiveness. In contrast, prospective testing confirmed the prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=22) by 16S rRNA PCR, revealing a higher resistance burden, with 67.9% MDR, 57.1% extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and several isolates exhibiting a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 1.00. These results demonstrate that while rural areas act as reservoirs of resistant strains due to unregulated antibiotic use, urban hospitals face stronger selective pressures, driving higher MDR and XDR prevalence. Our findings highlight the need for robust surveillance and antibiotic stewardship across healthcare settings.
Investigation on antimicrobial resistance patterns of Klebsiella spp. isolated from patients of Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2025-09) Ambreen, Yeelma; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad
In Bangladesh, the burden of AMR is rising due to widespread antibiotic misuse and poor infection control measures, yet data on local resistance patterns are limited. Klebsiella spp., particularly Klebsiella pneumoniae, a WHO Priority group 1 pathogen for new antibiotic development, poses serious public health threats worldwide due to its high emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and hypervirulent strains. In this study, clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. were collected from diverse specimens from Brahmanbaria, Khulna, Feni, and Dhaka, Bangladesh, and were detected by PCR and gel electrophoresis followed by Antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The results showed a high prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae with significant resistance to beta-lactams and third-generation cephalosporins. In particular, the isolates showed higher resistance against amoxicillin-clavulanate (87.5%), cefipime (83.3%), nitrofurantoin (83.3%), azithromycin (75%), and ceftazidime (71.4%). Interestingly, 97% cases from the retrospective study showed MDR, whereas, 48% and 16% of the prospective clinical isolates showed MDR and XDR traits, respectively. This highlights the increasing threat of Klebsiella pneumoniae to warrant optimized antimicrobial stewardship in clinical settings of Bangladesh.
Root causes of indiscipline in industrial credit management in commercial banks of Bangladesh
(© University of Dhaka, 2025-02-16) Asaduzzaman, Muhammad
Safety and immunogenicity of an oral, inactivated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli plus cholera toxin B subunit vaccine in Bangladeshi adults and children
(2000) Qadri, Firdausi; Wennerâs, Christine; Ahmed, Firoz; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad; Saha, Debashish; Albert, M.J.; Sack, R.B.; Svennerholm, Ann-Mari
The major subunit of the toxin-coregulated pilus TcpA induces mucosal and systemic immunoglobulin A immune responses in patients with cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139
(2004-08) Asaduzzaman, Muhammad; Ryan, Edward T.; Jhon, Manohar; Hang, Long; Khan, Ashraful I.; Faruque, A.S.G.; Taylor, Ronald K.; Calderwood, Stephen B.; Firdausi, Qadri
Use of in vivo-induced antigen technology (IVIAT) to identify genes uniquely expressed during human infection with Vibrio cholerae
(2003) Hang, Long; John, Manohar; Asaduzzaman, Muhammad; Bridges, Emily Anna; Vanderspurt, Cecily; Kirn, Thomas J.; Taylor, Ronald K.; Hillman, Jeffrey D.; Progulske-Fox, Ann; Handfield, Martin; Ryan, Edward T.; Calderwood, Stephen B.