A review on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Epidemiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Risk Factors & Treatment

Abstract

Several illnesses are gender specific. Gynecological problems affect the female reproductive system.While some of these female health issues can be resolved others are fatal or chronic. A few of these conditions affect fertility. Hormonal disorders are becoming more and more common as a result of the increase in chemical invasion and exposure which are largely endocrine disruptors. Amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, fibroids, infertility, ovarian cancer, miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, preterm delivery etc are a few of these frequently seen reproductive and hormonal disorders. PCOS is an endocrine condition that affects females who are of reproductive age. Infertility, hypertension, anxiety, (Witchel et al., 2020) depression, insomnia, eating disorder, insulin resistance, obesity, and cardiovascular disorders are just a few of the health concerns brought on by this syndrome. A polygenic, polyfactorial, inflammatory, dysregulated steroid state, auto immunological disease, PCOS primarily manifests as a result of poor lifestyle choice (Patel, 2018). From before conception and continuing into the post-menopausal years, PCOS has an impact on women's health throughout their whole lifecycle.(Witchel et al., 2020). Treatment for excess androgen symptoms includes the use of spirolactone and finasteride, metformin, oral contraceptive pill (OCP), progesterone, folic acid (Susan M Sirmans, 13 Dec 2022). Clomiphene, laparoscopic ovarian drilling, gonadotropins, and assisted reproductive technology are among the treatments for infertility. The prevalence, kinds, symptoms, causes, genetic variables, pathophysiology, etiology, risk factors, and various treatment modalities for PCOS are all summarized in this review. Keywords: Fertility, Amenorrhea, Endometriosis, Ovarian Cancer, Miscarriage, Ectopic pregnancy, Preeclampsia, Preterm Delivery, Depression, Anxiety.