Design and Development of Drugs Targeting Molecular Structures of Genes and Proteins

Abstract

Genomics and proteomics are the two popular and successful approaches in the field of drug discovery and development. Some new genomic technologies have been developed for the identification of drug target and lead compound optimization over the last two decades. Genomics is the study of genome that stores the information in a cell to predict what can be occurred. This approach identifies new gene targets for drug discovery and also finds associations between specific genetic markers and drug response in a patient. And proteomics is the immature, complex, labor intensive and flourishing technology for drug target identification and drug efficacy and toxicity determination. This is the scientific discipline which studies proteins and searches for proteins that are associated with a disease by means of their altered levels of expression and/or post-translational modification between control and disease states. It describes the global analysis of protein expression and function. Proteomics involves some methodologies including the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, isotope-coded affinity tag and protein biochips.