Exploring the experience of human papillomavirus vaccine uptake among adolescent girls in an urban slum of Dhaka

Abstract

Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among women in low- and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh, where it is the second most common cancer among women. Human papillomavirus vaccination represents a transformative solution, yet uptake remains hindered in marginalized settings such as urban slums. The current study investigates in detail the experience of adolescent girls in reaching vaccination within the Korail slum in Dhaka, facilitated and barred factors that have influenced such a journey. Method: A qualitative study design was used, involving semi-structured in-depth interviews with eight adolescent girls who received the HPV vaccine aged 10–14 years. The Behavioral and Social Drivers framework guided exploration of emotional, social, and logistical experiences. Thematic analysis was conducted, incorporating both deductive and inductive approaches in order to identify meaningful insights from the data. Findings: Teachers and mothers emerged as strong influencers, helping reduce fears and misconceptions engendering trust. Reassurance legitimized vaccination as a normal and thus empowering experience by peers. The appreciation for free access to vaccines underscored values that the country places on health. Nevertheless, misinformation across social media, logistical difficulties in regard to mandatory online registration, and last-minute notifications on vaccination schedules thwarted processes. Despite these barriers, participants also reflected a very strong sense of agency and optimism with respect to taking the vaccine against cervical cancer. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of trust, community engagement, and culturally sensitive communication in improving vaccination uptake. By addressing logistical barriers and misinformation, and leveraging trusted peer networks, we can create a supportive environment for vaccination. These insights can enhance HPV vaccination campaigns and reduce cervical cancer rates among underserved populations, ensuring no girl is left behind in the fight against preventable diseases.