Disease assessment and antimicrobial prescription patterns by analyzing web-based data set in Sonali Chicken cases at Bogura, Bangladesh in 2020-2021

Abstract

Bangladesh's poultry sector is crucial for economic development and nutrition demand fulfillment. Among all poultry species, Sonali chicken production is becoming popular due to its similar appearance and flavor to the local indigenous chickens. However, prevalent diseases and recurring outbreaks of several prevalent diseases and recurring outbreaks of infectious diseases hampered average poultry growth. The persistence of diseases is related to different management and environmental factors. To reduce disease load, irrational and inappropriate use of antimicrobials is commonly prescribed, contributing to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The current study investigated to map diseases and associated drivers, as well as evaluate antibiotic prescription patterns against diseases in Sonali chickens in Bogura district, by analyzing data stored on the newly developed website (bdvets.com). A total of 1690 drug prescriptions for diseases and disease conditions in Sonali chickens in Bogura during 2020–2021 were extracted from the e-prescription database of 3769 poultry cases for the present study. Data extracts were entered into MS Excel and cleaned and sorted before exporting to STATA/SE-13 for epidemiological analysis. The present study identified more cases in the center sub-districts of Bogura (40.3 %, n=681) than in other sub-districts the year 2020 (69.2 %, 1170) than in 2021 and during the summer (45.3%, 530 in 2020 and 39.2%, 204 in 2021) and winter (24.8%, 290 in 2020 and 33.1%, 172 in 2021) than autumn and rainy seasons. The study explored 24 distinct poultry diseases and conditions in single or concurrent cases. The proportion of cases were dominated by mixed diseases of viral, bacterial, and other infectious cases (28 %, 474), followed by viral diseases (17.5 %, 296), bacterial diseases (4.5 %, 76), and protozoan diseases (4.0 %, 67). The predominant single cases were necrotic enteritis, salmonellosis, colibacillosis, Newcastle disease (ND), Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT), Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) and coccidiosis. The occurrence of ND increased significantly during the rainy season (Odds Ratio: 2.1) and in the year 2021 (Odds Ratio: 2.4). Antibiotics were widely prescribed regardless of case type (84.4–97% of cases). The highest proportion of antimicrobials was used in protozoan cases (97 %, 65), followed by viral alone (92%, 273), xi mixed (91.7%, 435), and bacterial alone (90.8%, 69). Single antibiotics (61.3%, 980) were prescribed widely, followed by combined (14%, 224) and double (2.4%, 39). Tylvalosin (42%, 669) was more commonly prescribed for almost all disease types. Different fluoroquinolones and florfenicol were prescribed predominantly for bacterial cases (16%, 11). Colistin combined (3.4%, 55) was also prescribed. Moreover, antiviral drugs were prescribed for 33.5% of viral cases. Immuno-stimulant was prescribed for 18% of viral and bacterial cases. The findings of the current investigation through a web-based data recording system provided baseline evidence about prescribers' perceptions of using antibiotics against different diseases. They offered insights into designing interventions in the DLS existing data recording system (BAHIS) and policies for using antimicrobials in Bangladesh.