Assessing The Effect of Hoof Disorders on Physiology and Welfare of Dairy Cows

Abstract

Sickness that impacts the health and function of a hoof of animals is referred to as a hoof disorder. The general health and production of the cattle are severely affected by hoof disorders, which can result in pain, discomfort, and lameness to animal. This study investigated the prevalence of hoof and joint disorders in dairy cows on 40 farms in Chattogram, Bangladesh, with a focus on the impact of farm management practices, floor types, and environmental factors. Observations were made on 902 cows, majority of these cow belonged to Holstein Friesian cows. The study identified that 26.61% of the cows examined exhibited hoof disorders, with the predominant conditions being curled toes (12.75%), horizontal fissures (5%), and vertical fissures (3.99%). Less frequent disorders included interdigital dermatitis (2.33%) and corkscrew hoof (1.1%). Knee joint disorders were observed in 14.90% of the population, characterized by swelling (2.44%), hair loss (2%), and abrasions (2%), while hock joint disorders affected 18.18%, with notable symptoms of swelling (4.5%), hair loss (2.55%), and abrasions (2.44%). Lameness, ranging from mild to severe, was present in 13.97% of the cohort, with 86.03% demonstrating normal locomotion. The findings underscored that the type of flooring, particularly smooth and durable surfaces such as cement finishing, had a significant impact on the prevalence of hoof and joint disorders, with these surfaces being more effective in mitigating such conditions. The implementation of floor mats was shown to reduce the progression of lameness and enhance locomotion. Conditions such as curled toes, corkscrew hoof, and fissures were associated with mild to moderate lameness, while more severe lameness was linked to conditions like sole ulcers and interdigital dermatitis. Moreover, it highlighted that factors such as floor hygiene, dietary management, and hoof trimming practices were related with the occurrence of lameness. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of comprehensive farm management practices, including the selection of appropriate flooring materials, regular maintenance, utilization of floor mats, and consistent hoof care, in minimizing the risk of hoof and joint disorders in dairy cattle. This can lead to improved hoof welfare, reduced lameness, and enhanced dairy farm productivity. By addressing these factors, farms can ensure healthier cows with healthy hoof, better production outcomes, and improved animal welfare.