Quantum Network Security :

Abstract

Quantum repeater networks are essential for long-distance quantum communication,

utilizing entanglement to ensure ultra-secure information exchange. Unlike

classical methods, quantum networks rely on qubits and entanglement-based protocols

for enhanced security. However, they face challenges, particularly from passive

eavesdroppers (”spinach observers”) who extract information without direct

interference. This paper examines vulnerabilities in entanglement distribution, assessing

risks in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), quantum teleportation, and

entanglement swapping. We present a mathematical framework to evaluate information

leakage and countermeasures like quantum error correction and syndrome

measurements. Our findings show that photon-to-atom entanglement mapping

offers the highest security, while itinerant-photon controlled gates pose moderate

risks due to phase noise exploitation. Integrating quantum repeaters with real-time

syndrome measurement tracking is a promising approach to mitigate these risks.

This study advances quantum network security by identifying vulnerabilities and proposing strategies to enhance robustness. Future research should explore hybrid

entanglement techniques, advanced error correction, and scalable quantum

repeaters for a resilient quantum internet