Immunotherapeutic approaches to treat cancer: Prospects and challenges

Abstract

This review examines and summarizes major novel immunotherapeutic modalities used in cancer immunotherapy that are currently approved or in clinical trials, as well as their therapeutic potential, side effects, challenges, and future directions The aim of this study was to show different immunotherapeutic modalities used to treat cancer. The mechanism of action of the immune system to combat cancer e.g. Adoptive T cell transfer therapy (TIL, TCR, CAR T Cells), Immune checkpoint inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies cancer vaccines, cytokines and enzyme therapeutic. Second, the study aims to create awareness and provide hope to cancer patients as well as to academics interested in learning more about immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has shown great potential and promise in the treatment of a variety of cancers like solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Finally, it discusses immunotherapy treatment prospects in the future, including combination therapy.