A Review on Diagnosis and Treatment of Scleroderma

Abstract

Clinical signs of scleroderma, also known as progressive systemic sclerosis, include skin thickening, Raynaud's phenomenon, and visceral organ participation. Serological tests reveal different autoantibody subclasses. These separate the illness into "limited" and "diffuse" types. Additionally, 'regionalized' scleroderma, a unique type of scleroderma, is distinguished by skin thickening without visceral implication. The purpose of this review to learn about Scleroderma treatment & diagnosis methods that have been approved. Methods for assembling and evaluating data were gathered from a variety of linked reviews published between 1995 and 2022 utilizing search engines like PubMed, Research Gate, Google Scholar, and Medline, among others. Scleroderma was formerly mostly treated symptomatically and with immunosuppression medications that targeted the offending organ system and the aberrant immune system. Drug therapeutics that target the pathogenetic pathways of fibrosis, vasculopathy, and autoimmunity are now being developed as a result of improved discoveries into the pathogenesis of disease. Endothelin receptor blockers, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, Endothelin-1 receptor antagonist, Prostanoids, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, Riociguat, Cyclophosphamide, Fluoxetine, Prostacyclin analogues, Methotrexate and autologous stem cell transplant are a few of the more recent treatments, while others are currently in development. They might be the key to improving this disease's prognosis in the future, which was long believed to be completely incurable.