Clinical manifestation of neonatal sepsis and prevalence of ESBL-producing bacteria in South Asia

Abstract

"A fatal infection called neonatal sepsis can strike infants as early as 28 days after birth. It contributes remarkably to newborn morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Neonatal sepsis has a complicated pathophysiology that is influenced by several variables, including the immune system of the host, the pathogenic organism, and any underlying medical problems. The most common causative agents of neonatal sepsis are bacteria, such as Group B Streptococcus (GBS), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Neonatal sepsis, though, can also be brought on by viruses and fungi. Depending on the newborn's age, the etiologic agent, and the intensity of the infection, the clinical signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis can change. There are two types of sepsis: early-onset (EOS), which strikes during the first 72 hours of life, and late-onset (LOS), which strikes after that time. The accurate diagnosis of neonatal sepsis depends on the newborn's clinical appearance and the outcomes of laboratory investigations, like blood cultures. The causative organism and the seriousness of the infection determine the newborn sepsis treatment. Antibiotics are usually required. The entire neonatal sepsis treatment process is difficult, particularly in developing nations. Antibiotic resistance, a lack of resources, a lack of awareness, etc. are a few of the difficulties. Despite the difficulties, there is a growing amount of research on successful newborn sepsis prevention methods and treatment approaches. We can contribute to a reduction in the number of infants who acquire and succumb to this dangerous infection by putting these precautions and tactics into practice"