Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus complications in human

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is chronic metabolic disorder imposes social and economic burden, which has increased worldwide manifolds with high morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. Since it is a chronic disease, it can cause complications if remain uncontrolled. The aim of the study was to find out the socioeconomic status, diabetic complications and associated risk factors with their prevalence and anti-diabetic therapy. A Cross sectional study was carried out for a period of one year (October 2020 to October 2021) among the diagnosed T2DM patients in Southern Medical College Hospital (SMCH), Chattogram Diabetic General Hospital (CDGH) and author’s personal chamber. Total 158 patients were enrolled for this study and data were collected through a pre-structured questionnaire. Collected data were entered into the MS Excel-2010, sorted out and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version20.0. Descriptive statistics were performed followed by student t test and Chi-square test among different groups then correlation and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. Among total enrolled 158 patients, 46% were male and 54% were female where 62% patents lived in urban. Significant 50% patients didn’t do any job and 50% were HSC and above. 13.3% patients didn’t do any daily exercise with 27% lead sedentary life style and 61.4% had daily sunlight exposure varying from few hours to 6-8 hours. Female has a higher BMI (Body mass index) with 95% CI 25.76~27.06 (p=.001). Systolic blood pressure was higher in female than male according to duration (p=.026). 29.70% patients use insulin as anti-diabetic therapy. Microvascular complications of T2DM, Diabetic retinopathy symptoms (eye problems, 38.60%), diabetic neuropathy symptoms [Paraesthesia (Burning sensation, 36.07%), Periodontitis/Teeth and gum problem (36.70%), Gastrointestinal problems (24.05%), Sexual dysfunction (9.50%), Psychological problems (1.26%) and Diabetic nephropathy (Kidney problems, 8.22%)] were found in the study. Macrovascular complications of T2DM, Ischemic Heart Disease (20.88%) and Cerebrovascular disease (2.53%) were found in this study. T2DM closely associated risk factors like hypertension and Dyslipidemia was found in 54.44% and 44.30% patient respectively. Male-female correlation of T2DM complications and associated factors was negatively significant regarding Teeth/Gum problems (p= -.348**) for daily sunlight exposure. Chi-square test showed increase prevalence (p<0.05) for HTN and Dyslipidaemia regarding daily exercise; Hypertension, CVD, Diabetic neuropathy (Paraesthesia, periodontitis, Feet/Leg cramps, GIT problems) and Kidney problems regarding Insulin user and non-user (prevalence more in Insulin non-user) ; Gender, Periodontitis, Feet/Leg cramps, GIT problems regarding daily sunlight exposure (prevalence more in without daily sunlight exposure). Multiple linear regressions confirmed that, diabetic neuropathy related symptoms and complications are less in Insulin user than Insulin non-user (β= .178, 95% CI = .023~.316, p=.023) and sex (p=.000) plays an important role, where female had more diabetic neuropathy related symptoms and complications in than male (β=.341, 95% CI=.190~.477, p =0.000) due to lack of daily sunlight exposure