Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Nitrofuran Antibiotics in Sonali Chicken Via Oral & Intravenous Routes Emphasizing Public Health Significance

Abstract

This study examines the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of nitrofuran antibiotics in Sonali chickens, specifically oral and intravenous (IV) dosing. Two chickens were given 1 ml of nitrofuran at a dosage of 2 ng/ml and 25 ng/ml at IV and oral route respectively. Then, plasma concentrations were determined at the first and second hour after administration using direct ELISA technique for precise quantification. The oral route led to a fast decrease in plasma concentration, from 0.982 ng/ml in the first hour to 0.742 ng/ml at the second, with an elimination rate constant (k) of 1.525 h⁻¹. The IV route showed a slower fall, with plasma concentrations dropping from 1.25 ng/ml to 0.645 ng/ml, resulting in a k of 0.662 h⁻¹. These distinctive pharmacokinetic profiles indicates that the oral route may result in faster clearance and lower efficiency for persistent antibacterial activity, whereas the IV approach increases the chance of antibiotic residues remaining in edible tissues. This study emphasizes the importance of tight control of antibiotic usage in chicken, as well as monitoring of residual level and withdrawal periods. These strategies are critical for balancing successful disease control in poultry with the need to safeguard human health.