Chemical and biological studies of leaves and twigs of anogeissus rivularis and some hypoglycemic herbal formulations

Abstract

Hexane and Ethyl acetate extracts of leaves and twigs of Anogeissusrivularis and their sub-fractions were tested for anticancer activities on the six common human cancer cell lines; P-388, KB, HT-29, MCF-7, A549and two normal human kidney cell lines ASK and Hek293. Sub-fractions, 1F-3, 1F-5, Et-1F-2, Et-1F-3, and Et-1F-4 were found to possess significant anticancer activities (ED50 <4, 3.40, 4.50, 4.60 and 6.37 µg/mL respectively) on P-388 cell lines. The same extracts and their sub-fractions were also tested for anti-HIV-1 RT. The two extracts showed moderate activity but the two sub-fractions, 1F-5& Et-1F-7 were found to be very active (growth inhibition 97% & 92%, respectively). From the active extracts four new compounds namely, 2-(3՜,4՜-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-5-propenyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran (20), Dimer of 4,6-Dihydroxy-2-(4՜-hydroxy-benzyl)-benzofuran-3-one (21), 2-[(3՜,4՜-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-hydroxy-methyl]-4,6-dihydroxy-benzofuran-3-one (22), 2,5-Bis-[(4՜-hydroxy-phenyl)(4՜՜-hydroxy-phenyl)]-3,4-dimethyl-tetrahydro-furan-3-ol (23), together with thirteen known compounds namely, betulinic acid (3β-Hydroxy-19β-hydrogen-lup-20-(29)-en-28-oic acid)(3), 3β-Hydroxy-20(29)-en-lupan-30-al (6),29-Nor-20-oxolupeol (7), 3β,6β-Dihydroxylup-20(29)-ene(8),3,3՜,4՜-Tri-O-methylellagic acid (9),3,3՜-Di-O-methylellagic acid(12), (S)-naringenin(4՜,5,7-Trihydroxyflavanone) (13),p-Cumaric acid ((E)-3-(4՜-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid)(14),2,3-dihydro-p-cumaric acid(3-(4՜-Hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid)(15), protocatechuic acid (3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid)(16), Stigmast-5-en-3-O-β-glucoside(17),loliolide (6-Hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-benzofuran-2-one) (18),vanillic acid (3-Methoxy 4-hydroxybenzoic acid) (19) were isolated by chromatographic techniques. The structure of this compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods using UV, FTIR, high resolution 1H &13C NMR and Mass spectrometry (HRMS-ESI-TOP) and Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction.