Phylogenetic Relationship of Cyprinidae (Order: Cypriniformes) inferred from Morphological Traits and Mitochondrial Gene Cytochrome b.

Abstract

Cyprinidae is the largest fish family with more than 2000 species grouped in approximately 340 genera. The family belongs to the order Cypriniformes, of whose genera and species the cyprinids make up two-thirds. The phylogenetic relationships of the selected taxa among the cyprinidae family were inferred from the morphological traits (30 taxa) and mitochondrial gene (26 taxa) cytochrome b sequences. The average nucleotide composition were T (U) 28.2%, C 28.1%, A 29.1% and G 14.6% and Transition/Transversion bias (R) is 2.22. Faster rate of transition and transversion showed in the third codon position. Highest genetic distance was observed 0.348 in between B. bendelisis with E. danricus and in Crossocheilus and Labeo (0.350) genera. The genetic distances was 0.087 in between L. calbasu and L. gonius species and Catla and Labeo (0.10) genera. B. bendelisis showed the highest divergence time 7.62 and lowest 2.91 in C. catla and L. rohita. The result from maximum likelyhood (ML) method using morphological traits in MESQUITE and mitochondrial gene cytochrome b in MEGA 6 strongly supported monophyletic lineage of leuciscinae subfamily. L. rohita, C. reba, L. bata, L. calbasu, C. mrigala, C. catla, L. gonius, L. dyocheilus, C. carpio were closely related in both tree. C. latius and G. gotyla from garrinae subfamily were very close in both tree but not monophyletic. S. gora formed polyphyletic clade with R. bola and B. barila in both tree. D. maculatus (schizothoracinae) formed sister group with B. bendelisis in amino acid tree and with B. gonionotus in nucleotide tree. In both trees, rasborinae appeared as polyphyletic group. Combined with analysis of both morphological and molecular data this hypothesis suggested that more study are required in each subfamily that were previously proposed to resolved the phylogenetic relationships among the cyprinid.