Literature Review of the Role of Reactive Astrocytes in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease.

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is a type of dementia that affects memory,thinking and behavior that means it is a developing neurodegenerative disorder that slowly weaken memory and in time effect the quality of life. There are many hypothesis concerning the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's diseases. This review work aims to understand the role of reactive astrocytes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and its therapeutic mediate.It involves the causes and diagnosis parts of AD as well. As per the hypothesis of AD accumulation of Amyloid beta (Aβ), the main component of the plaques, is the causative agent of Alzheimer's pathology and cell loss, vascular damage, and dementia take place as a result of this deposition. Roles of reactive astrocytes in AD has been explained in this review work that are characterized by the abnormal increase in the number of astrocytes due to infection, ischemia, strokes and neurodegenerative disease. Finally altered glutamate homeostasis, cytokine and growth factor sign, interleukin-6 and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3, cyclooxygenase-2, TGF- β1 and SMAD3 signaling have been explored here as therapeutic intervention. This work reviews the scholarly articles that shows plausible relation between astrocytes role in triggering CNS inflammation with remarkable inference for diverse CNS disorders particularly Alzheimer’s disease.