Isolation, identification and characterization of plastic degrading Gut bacteria from Zophobas atratus larvae

Abstract

Plastic pollution has become a major environmental concern globally, and novel and eco-friendly approaches like bioremediation are essential to mitigate the impact. This study investigated the biodegradation of three common plastic types, LDPE, LLDPE, and EPS, by Zophobas atratus larvae. Over 36 days, the average larval consumption was found to be 24.04% LDPE, 20.01% EPS and 15.12% LLDPE. FTIR analysis confirmed plastic oxidation in the gut. Gut bacteria were selectively isolated and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. These bacteria showed the ability to degrade specific plastic types confirmed by SEM. Whole genome sequencing revealed many enzymes, along with virulence factors, antibiotic-resistance genes, and rhamnolipid biosurfactant biosynthesis genes in both isolates. Rhamnolipid analysis and AST were performed. This study indicated Zophobas atratus larvae as potential LDPE, LLDPE, and EPS biodegradation agents. Additionally, the isolated strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa provide a more direct and eco-friendly solution for plastic degradation.