Infertility of women in focus: risk factors and predictive outcome among women diagnosed with PCOS of Bangladesh

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women, and it is the main cause of infertility in women of reproductive age due to anovulation. It affects women during their reproductive years and one might not have regular periods or perhaps experience lengthy menstrual cycles. Also, women suffering from PCOS have a hormone called androgen present in excess, many small sacs of fluid develop along the ovary's outer edge, cysts exist, and eggs that grow inside the little cysts that are fluid-filled (called follicles). Infertility is a worldwide health concern that affects millions of people of reproductive age. Despite widespread awareness, infertility issues like PCOS is still regarded as a health issue in many impoverished countries, including Bangladesh. To add, this study aims to determine the risk factors that affect infertility in both male and females and also finds out the effective treatments among the current ones. This investigation was conducted at two tertiary Hospitals. A total of 70 patients were enrolled in the research. Out of the 70 participants, 63 women tested positive for PCOS. Most of the patients were of age 20-25 by 57.1%, followed by age 26-30 and 31-35 by 31.7% and 7.9% respectively, and it was found that only 3.2% were the ages of 36-40. Most women who were PCOS patients and infertile were in their early 20s. Among the PCOS patients, 57.1% had irregular cycles, followed by 20.6 who had infrequent cycles, 15.9% were Oligomenorrhoea and only 6.3% had regular cycles. In case of hormone, 85.7% patients had normal levels of S. Testosterone whereas 14.3% had high S. Testosterone. To add, 54% had normal S. Prolactin whereas 46% had high S. Prolactin levels, 71.4% were normal, 25.4% suffered from Hypothyroidism and 3.2% from Hyperthyroidism. This study also looks into the various symptoms and issues that people with PCOS face. In developing countries such as ours, most cases of this disease are treated with only an ovarian cyst examination and a blood test. Even though PCOS is a common hormonal condition, it must be addressed because it can lead to serious complications such as type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure.