Detection of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) And Carbapenemase Encoding Escherichia coli isolates from hospital effluent wastewater and hospital adjacent community tap water in Dhaka metropolitan city

Abstract

Escherichia coli is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae. E.coli is an organism of bacterium that can be identified living in a variety of conditions, such as warm blooded animals' and humans' gastrointestinal tracts, where it is a component of the gut microbiota and frequently released into the environment through wastewater effluent or diarrhea. The most common way to develop E.coli is by consuming contaminated food. In this project we collected hospital sewage water and tap water from the community which are located 300 meters from the hospital. The main purpose of our project was to identify the E.coli ESBL and carbapenems encoding strain from hospital sewage water and 300 meter range of nearby community tap water. From November 2022 to June 2023 a total 125 isolates of confirmed E.coli were found and among these 125 isolates 84 isolates were found in hospital sewage water and 41 isolates were found in community tap water which was collected from 300 meters range from the hospitals. Out of 125 isolates, 26 E.coli isolates were found to be ESBL, while the remaining 6 isolates were found to be carbapenemase encoded genes. We identified 60 out of 125 isolates from the Dhaka Shishu Hospital and nearby community. Accordingly, 52 isolates were found from the National Cancer Research Institution and Hospital. The remaining 13 isolates found out from DNCC COVID-19 Dedicated Hospital and their nearby area. After identify the 125 isolates by looking at their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test (AST) pattern, 64 isolates were selected based on their phenotypic characteristic For identification of ESBL encoded E.coli from the 26 E.coli 14 isolates were found positive for CTX-M (53.8%) and 12 isolates found positive (46.2%) for bla-TEM. Moreover, 18.8% isolates tested positive for NDM but no positive result for SHV and KPC for identification of carbapenemase resistance genes. After observing the ratio, the vast majority of E.coli isolates found ESBL resistant and most of the isolates identified from hospital sewage.