Current & emerging drug therapies for Alzheimer’s disease; immunotherarpy about monoclonal antibodies

Abstract

60–70% of dementia cases are caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD). The urgent need to develop effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease has arisen due to the disease's seriousness and steady rise in the number of patients. Currently, the medications used to treat AD, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, can only temporarily halt or reverse the progression of the disease. Numerous clinical trials on amyloid clearing therapy have been attempted by numerous global pharmaceutical companies might not be entirely accurate. In 2019, there was a decrease in the number of anti-amyloid trials, which could signal a turning point. For the development of novel pharmacotherapies, an in-depth and comprehensive understanding of the role that amyloid ß and other AD factors play are necessary. The treatment that is currently approved consists of cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA-receptor antagonists, and their combination therapy only provides brief relief from symptoms. Researchers around the world have made sincere efforts to find new targets, discover novel therapeutic agents, and develop them for the treatment of AD. In addition to a variety of other targets, the upcoming treatments will target one or more targets, such as amyloid ß, neuroinflammation, and amyloids. The purpose of this brief review article is to discuss the most recent developments in drug development as well as upcoming therapeutic agents for AD that target various targets.