Prevalence and correlates of anxiety symptoms among Bangladeshi women aged 15-45: a cross-sectional study using the DASS-21 scale

Abstract

This cross-sectional study examined the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety symptoms in Bangladeshi women aged 15–45, utilizing the Anxiety subscale of the DASS-21. A total of 1,019 participants from both urban and rural environments were evaluated, uncovering a significant anxiety prevalence of 74%, with almost one-third exhibiting extremely severe symptoms. Statistical analyses revealed notable correlations between anxiety and factors such as urban living, elevated socioeconomic status, levels of education, job status, engagement in high physical labor, use of dietary supplements, variations in appetite, and somatic symptoms including dizziness and blurred vision. Logistic regression analysis provided additional evidence that urban living (OR=2.08), high physical labor (OR=4.32), supplement use (OR=2.35), and dysregulated eating behaviors serve as independent predictors of anxiety. In contrast, factors such as age, BMI, marital status, overall physical activity, and particular dietary patterns did not emerge as significant predictors. The results highlight the essential requirement for mental health interventions that are culturally specific, the necessity for broader screening with DASS-21 in community environments, and the importance of integrative strategies that consider somatic symptoms. Future longitudinal and qualitative studies are necessary to clarify causal mechanisms and obstacles to care, thus guiding focused public health strategies in Bangladesh.