The role of the gut microbiome in modulating anti-cancer drug response: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and therapeutic strategies

Abstract

This thesis shows and gives us an idea about how the gut microbiome influences the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of anti-cancer treatments. Our intestine holds a large community of bacteria, fungi, viruses that modulate breakdown, metabolism, immunity, and our health. Modern research shows that these microorganisms can directly influence how carcinogenic drugs act in the body with both of their advantages and their side effects, toxic effects and adverse effects. Microbial enzymes can activate or metabolize anti-cancer drugs. Thus, providing stronger treatment, weaker, or more harmful one. Any hindrance in the gut microbiome (dysbiosis) can induce inflammation, weaken the gut wall, and decrease treatment response. This study has talked about some microbial metabolites, like short-chain fatty acids. This one can either support anti-cancer immunity or, in other cases, induce tumor growth that depends on context. Evidence from clinical trials shows that patients with more microbial ecosystems and specific good species led to responses better in both immunotherapy and chemotherapy. But some other patients suffer increased drug toxicity when their gut microbiome is hampered. Finally, the thesis talks about the major challenges in this area. It also drafts future paths. To conclude, the gut microbiome is an important but underused weapon in carcinogenic medicines. It has a strong potential to improve treatment strategies and outcomes.