DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF THE OBSTRUCTIVE UROLITHIASIS IN RUMINANTS

Abstract

Obstructive urolithiasis is one of the most serious urinary tract disease of ruminants mainly occurs in male. This research was conducted in SAQ Teaching Veterinary Hospital, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram during the period from January, 2019 to December, 2019 and was carried out on 22 clinical cases (17 goats and 5 calves). The aim of the research was to know the changes of clinical parameters of urolithiasis by hematobiochemical, radiographical and ultrasonographical approaches. All animals affected with obstructive urolithiasis were males where, intact 19 (86.4%) and castrated 3 (13.6%). Most noticeable changes were found in heart and respiration rates which were found higher than the normal ranges in all cases. Hematological values, viz. TEC, TLC, Hb, PCV in clinical cases of obstructive urolithiasis were within the normal range except DLC, where neutrophils were significantly high with lymphocytopenia. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatinine kinase, inorganic phosphorus values were significantly higher than the normal ranges, while chlorine was lower than the normal range on biochemical examination. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, creatinine kinase values were significantly higher in cases of ruptured urinary bladder; however, hyperglycemia was found in cases of intact urinary bladder found on comparative study. Urinalysis found the evidence of urinary cast and triple phosphate crystal under microscopic examination. Plain radiographic examination was not successful for the detection of uroliths in any cases. Contrast radiographic examination in one goat was found urethral rupture near to the urethral diverticulum. Additionally, positive contrast normograde cystourethrography was used to detect urethral filling defect from urolithiasis in another goat. Hydronephrosis and perirenal fluid accumulation were diagnosed by ultrasonographic examination. Huge amount of stones were swirling inside the urinary bladder in all intact cases that were easily confirmed by ultrasonography. This study established that clinical parameters, laboratory findings, radiographical and ultrasonographical examinations are sufficient to diagnose effectively the obstructive urolithiasis in ruminants