Histopathological Insights, Surgical Comparisons, and Post-Operative Healing in Ovariohysterectomy Approaches for Pyometra in Cats

Abstract

This study compares and contrasts the midline and lateral flank methods for ovariohysterectomy (OHE) in cats with pyometra, concentrating on surgical efficacy, recovery, wound healing, and histological findings. Pyometra, a serious uterine infection, demands surgical removal of the reproductive organs to avoid systemic consequences. Histopathological examination indicated severe uterine abnormalities, such as endometrial shrinkage, epithelial shedding, and localized inflammation. Ovarian tissues showed cystic follicles and structural abnormalities, indicating that the disease produced systemic hormonal imbalances. Both surgical methods were applied to two Persian cats. Post-operative recovery, wound healing, and surgical visibility were monitored over 15 days. The lateral flank approach resulted in quicker recovery and less post-operative discomfort, whereas the midline approach provided enhanced access to reproductive structures. Despite similar wound healing outcomes between the approaches, histopathological findings emphasized the importance of timely surgical intervention to mitigate pyometra’s systemic effects. The choice of surgical method should align with the patient's clinical needs, with the midline approach preferred for complex cases and the flank approach for faster recovery in routine scenarios.