Biochemical and Molecular Evaluation of miR-29a Expression and Vitamin D status in relation to obesity - Associated metabolic risk Factors Among Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Recent studies suggest that microRNA may play an important role in metabolic regulation and could serve as potential biomarkers for diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of microRNA -29a(miR-29a) and its association with biochemical parameters with Vitamin D status among obese and nonobese individuals with T2DM. A total of 60 participants were included in this study, comprising 40 T2DM patients and 20 Healthy controls socio-demographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics were recorded. Biochemical parameters including fasting blood glucose (FBG). HbA1c, lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP), Vitamin D, renal function test, and insulin resistance indices (HOMA-IR and HOMA-ß) were analyzed. miR-29a expression was measured using RT-qPCR and relative expression levels were calculated using the 2^ΔΔ-ct method. The results showed that FBG, HbA1c, TG, HOMA-IR, urea, BUN levels were significantly higher in T2DM compared to controls (p<0.05) where HOMA-ß lower in T2DM patients. Obese T2DM individuals demonstrate higher metabolic disturbances and increased miR-29a expression compared to non-obese participants. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between miR-29a expression and TG levels (r= -0.60, p= 0.01), while a significant negative correlation was observed between miR-29a and Vitamin D levels. However, Vitamin D do not show statistically significant difference between T2DM and controls. In conclusion, miR-29a expression is elevated in T2DM particularly in obese individuals, and may be associated with metabolic alterations, including lipid metabolism and Vitamin D status. Therefore, miR-29a may serve as a potential biomarker in obesity-associated T2DM. However, further studies with large sample sizes are required to validate its clinical significance.