Browsing by Author "Tumpa, Mst Afroza Alam"

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    Emerging Promise of Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Mitochondria in Neurodegenerative Disorders
    (Emerald Publishing Limited, 2023-04-12) Rahman, Md Mominur; Tumpa, Mst Afroza Alam; Rahaman, Md Saidur; Islam, Fahadul; Islam, Fahadul; Sutradhar, Popy Rani; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Alghamdi, Badrah S.; Hafeez, Abdul; Alexiou, Athanasios; Perveen, Asma; Ashraf, Ghulam Md
    Mitochondria are critical for homeostasis and metabolism in all cellular eukaryotes. Brain mitochondria are the primary source of fuel that supports many brain functions, including intracellular energy supply, cellular calcium regulation, regulation of limited cellular oxidative capacity, and control of cell death. Much evidence suggests that mitochondria play a central role in neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ongoing studies of NDDs have revealed that mitochondrial pathology is mainly found in inherited or irregular NDDs and is thought to be associated with the pathophysiological cycle of these disorders. Typical mitochondrial disturbances in NDDs include increased free radical production, decreased ATP synthesis, alterations in mitochondrial permeability, and mitochondrial DNA damage. The main objective of this review is to highlight the basic mitochondrial problems that occur in NDDs and discuss the use mitochondrial drugs, especially mitochondrial antioxidants, mitochondrial permeability transition blockade, and mitochondrial gene therapy, for the treatment and control of NDDs.
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    Insights Into the Promising Prospect of Medicinal Chemistry Studies Against Neurodegenerative Disorders
    (Elsevier, 2023-03-01) Rahman, Md Mominur; Islam, Md Rezaul; Tumpa, Mst Afroza Alam; Shohag, Sheikh; Shuvo, Shakil Khan; Ferdous, Jannatul; Kajol, Saima Akter; Aljohani, Abdullah S.M.; Abdulmonem, Waleed Al; Rauf, Abdur; Thiruvengadam, Muthu
    Medicinal chemistry is an interdisciplinary field that incorporates organic chemistry, biochemistry, physical chemistry, pharmacology, informatics, molecular biology, structural biology, cell biology, and other disciplines. Additionally, it considers molecular factors such as the mode of action of the drugs, their chemical structure-activity relationship (SAR), and pharmacokinetic aspects like absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicity. Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), which are defined by the breakdown of neurons over time, are affecting an increasing number of people. Oxidative stress, particularly the increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), plays a crucial role in the growth of various disorders, as indicated by the identification of protein, lipid, and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) oxidation products in vivo. Because of their inherent nature, most biological molecules are vulnerable to ROS, even if they play a role in metabolic parameters and cell signaling. Due to their high polyunsaturated fatty acid content, low antioxidant barrier, and high oxygen uptake, neurons are particularly vulnerable to oxidation by nature. As a result, excessive ROS generation in neurons looks especially harmful, and the mechanisms associated with biomolecule oxidative destruction are several and complex. This review focuses on the formation and management of ROS, as well as their chemical characteristics (both thermodynamic and kinetic), interactions, and implications in NDs.