Browsing by Author "Singh, Varinder"

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Airport Smoking Zones: A Prospective Public Health Hazard
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2023-04-24) Singh, Ravinder; Singh, Manjinder; Singh, Varinder; Kumari, Pratima; Chopra, Hitesh; Priyanka, Choudhary; Om Prakash; Emran, Talha B.
As per the WHO, the infections might happen in crowded and inadequately ventilated spaces like airports through aerosolized or very small droplets. Doctors have expressed apprehensions that small, poorly ventilated designated smoking areas, as at airports, can accelerate the spread of infectious diseases, parti- cularly respiratory infections [1] . In fact, the particulate matter (PM) of air inside these designated smoking areas at airports is 15 times higher than that the recommended by WHO (10 μg/m 3 ) which further poses a higher risk of spread of infections among people smoking tobacco at these confined place [2] . Tobacco smoking can severely damage the respiratory organs and is one of the major contributing factors to respiratory infection [3] . Tobacco smoke contains more than 7000 com- pounds of which nicotine, a major component that is well known to develop tobacco addiction [4] , and other 200 (such as benz- pyrene, arsenic, and cadmium) compounds are identified as noxious and oncogenic as they may irritate the respiratory tract and reduce the erythrocyte’s oxygen transport capacity.
Metformin
(Scopus, 22-10-31) Goel, Sanjay; Singh, Ravinder; Singh, Varinder; Singh, Harmanjit; Kumari, Pratima; Chopra, Hitesh; Sharma, Rohit; Nepovimova, Eugenie; Valis, Martin; Kuca, Kamil; Emran, Talha Bin
Metformin is a plant-based drug belonging to the class of biguanides and is known to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The drug, combined with controlling blood glucose levels, improves the body’s response to insulin. In addition, trials have identified the cardioprotective potential of metformin in the diabetic population receiving the drug. Activation of 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the major pathway for these potential beneficial effects of metformin. Historically, much emphasis has been placed on the potential indications of metformin beyond its anti-diabetic use. This review aims to appraise other potential uses of metformin primarily mediated by the activation of AMPK. We also discuss various mechanisms, other than AMPK activation, by which metformin could produce beneficial effects for different conditions. Databases including PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase were searched for literature relevant to the review’s objective. Reports from both research and review articles were considered. We found that metformin has diverse effects on the human body systems. It has been shown to exert antiinflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective, metabolic, neuroprotective, anticancer, and antimicrobial effects and has now even been identified as effective against SARS-CoV-2. Above all, the AMPK pathway has been recognized as responsible for metformin’s efficiency and effectiveness. Owing to its extensive potential, it has the capability to become a part of treatment regimens for diseases apart from T2DM.
Novel Insights on the Role of Vcam-1 and Icam-1 Potential Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Diseases
(Scopus, 22-12-12) Kaur, Rupinder; Singh, Varinder; Kumari, Pratima; Chopra, Hitesh; Emran, Talha Bin
Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) including the intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) are from the immunoglobulin family which regulates leukocyte adherence to endothelial muscles in acute or chronic inflammatory states [1]. TNF-α, a proinflammatory cytokine, triggers cell adhesion molecules, inflammatory molecules, and other cytokines [2]. The appearance level of these CAMs on the membrane of endothelial cells is a key factor in determining the comparable impact of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 on the attraction of leukocytes in a particular disease state [1,2]. Leukocytes and endothelial cells are two cell types that express ICAM-1 an Ig-like cell adhesion molecule. Transcriptional regulation is primarily responsible for regulating ICAM-1 expression. The ICAM-1 is critically important in inflammation and the T-cell-mediated immune response. Antigen-presenting cells use it to stimulate T cells that recognize only MHC class II antigens, whereas other cells use it to stimulate cytotoxic T cells by associating with MHC class I. Leukocyte migration to the inflammatory site is done by ICAM-1 [3]. It has a significant role in inflammation-related processes and the defense system mediated by T-cells [1]. VCAM-1 is the other inflammatory cell adhesion molecule that may be therapeutically useful in immunological disorders and cancerous conditions. VCAM-1 controls the inflammatory vascular adhesion and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration [2].
Study on Dengue Severity in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Population of Tertiary Care Hospital by Assessing Inflammatory Indicators
(Scopus, 22-09-16) Singh, Ravinder; Goyal, Sanjay; Aggarwal, Namita; Mehta, Sanjana; Kumari, Pratima; Singh, Varinder; Chopra, Hitesh; Emran, Talha Bin
Background Dengue fever is a highly endemic tropical infectious disease that is quickly spreading over the world. Diabetes Mellitus has been linked to chronic inflammation. This present study was designed to compare the severity of dengue infection among diabetic and non-diabetic populations. Methods A prospective observational study was conducted on 40 patients (20 diabetic and 20 non-diabetic) who suffered from dengue infection. The study involved the collection of data of the dengue patients includes patient's demographic details, medical condition as well as biochemical investigations. Results Dengue-infected individuals with diabetes showed greater CRP, Endocan levels, IL-8 and Perfusion Index than those without diabetes (CRP; 35.308 ± 1.32 vs. 18.6365 ± 0.64) mg/dl (p≤ 0.001) (Endocan 42.316 ± 1.46vs. 32.839 ± 0.33), ng/dl (p≤ 0.001), (142.98 ± 1.05 vs 103.69 ± 0.64) (p ≤ 0.001) and (3.695 ± 0.18 vs. 1.98 ± 0.08) (p ≤ 0.001) respectively. Conclusion In conclusion the results indicate that prognosis of DHF grade II with diabetes mellitus tends to be more prone to bleeding disorder and can result into morbidity and mortality considering by triggering of the various inflammatory cascade resulting in hyperglycaemia and poor glycemic control.