Browsing by Author "Shahjahan, Md."

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Antibiotic Use in Tertiary Care Hospitals in Bangladesh Revealing the Extent Through a Point Prevalence Survey
(Elsevier, 2024-09-15) Sumon, Shariful Amin; Sarker, Supta; Chowdhury, A.B.M. Alauddin; Hassan, Syed Abul; Abdullah, Md.; Shahjahan, Md.; Sharmin, Sabrina; Harun, Md. Golam Dostogir
"Background Prevalent use of antibiotics in hospitals results in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), rising mortality, and substantial financial burden. This study assessed the current pattern of antibiotic use among inpatients in tertiary hospitals in Bangladesh. Methods Between August and November 2022, we conducted a point prevalence survey in 4 tertiary hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The World Health Organization-directed point prevalence survey methodology and tools were followed for the data collection. Descriptive and multivariate statistics were performed using Stata version 15. Results Of 1,063 hospitalized patients, antibiotics were prescribed to 73.5% (781/1063, 95% confidence interval: 70.8-76.1) of patients. A total of 1,164 antibiotics were prescribed, and 49.1% of patients consumed multiple antibiotics. Only 31.4% of patients were prescribed antibiotics based on microbiology results. The reasons for antibiotic prescribing were mentioned only in 19.3% of patients. Infants (adjusted odds ratio: 8.52, P-value: <.001) and neonates (adjusted odds ratio: 4.32, P-value: <.001) were more likely to consume antibiotics compared to adults. Cephalosporins accounted for the majority (54.0%) of antibiotics used in hospitals. None of the hospitals had any antibiotic use guidelines. Conclusions Consumption of Watch group antibiotics empirically among all age groups demonstrates irrational antibiotic usage in Bangladeshi hospitals. Implementation of a tailored stewardship program, antibiotic use guidelines, and prescriber-patient awareness could improve the rational use of antibiotics."
Assessing the cyclone early warning services of women, children and person with disability: a case study in Nijhumdwip
(BRAC Univeristy, 2018) Shahjahan, Md.; Ferdaus, Muhammad
This study was done as a part of the Masters of Disaster Management under BRAC University. Research was conducted in Nijhumdwip assess the cyclone early warning service for the vulnerable groups. The success of cyclone early warnings depends on appropriate hazard detection, information dissemination, and responses by affected people. In addition to a variety of socioeconomic factors, psychological and cultural factors may also determine the human response to warning. Women and children are the most vulnerable group in Bangladesh particularly in the hazard-prone coastal areas. Their vulnerability to cyclone hazard has already been widely reported. In Bangladesh, women tend to have more limited access to assets- physical, financial, human, social and natural capital such as land, credit, decision making bodies, agricultural inputs, technology, extension and training services which would all enhance their capacity to adopt. In the coastal areas, the situation remains worst. Nijhumdwip, located at very remote geographic location at the Meghna river estuary and the Bay of Bengal under Hatiaya Upazila of Noakhali District, is highly vulnerable to cyclone and a large part of the population is continually suffering for frequent hit of storm and cyclone, specially women and children who cover about 70 percent of the inhabitants. This study assessed the cyclone early warning services of women, children, aged and person with disability at Nijhumdwip. Both primary and secondary data have been used to fulfill the objectives of the present study. Primary data have been collected through PRA techniques from field by triangulating different data collection methods of household survey, focus group discussion (FGD) and key informant interviews (KII). 100 household surveys, 10 FGDs and 10 KIIs were conducted. In general, radio broadcasting, word-of-mouth from neighbours and CPP (Cyclone Preparedness Programme) volunteers were the most common sources of information dissemination about cyclone early warning. However, women (79%) find neighbors as most effective medium to know about cyclonic condition. Besides, volunteers from CPP also play important role in this regard. Those who have radio rely mainly on it. After receiving cyclone warning, the next stage is to understand such a warning in order to take proactive action. Study found that nearly 70 percent of women very poorly interpreted disseminated signals during cyclone. Illiteracy has strong correlation with it where 86 percent of women are illiterate. In the case of children, the scenario is same. This study reveals that a majority of the respondents is unable to follow & respond to the cyclone warning. As children lack proper knowledge about cyclone and preparedness, they have to depend on their mother to act. About 34 percent of respondents (women) often find it very difficult to manage children, aged persons and commodities to reach shelter in adverse weather. As outlined above, religious belief, disbelief in cyclone warning, scarcity of safe infrastructure, distance & condition of shelter, socio-economic vulnerability and locational insecurity are the integral causes of inaccessibility of women, children as well as PWD who are striving to survive in the fragile environment. Thus, without having a reliable and responsive warning system, even the existing availability of options remains under-utilized. As early warning is not simply a linear process of information dissemination, the success of a warning depends on the proactive responses of individuals and the community as a whole. Therefore, more effective and timely early warning forecast, dissemination as well as increased interpretation by locals are needed to be ensured. Moreover, awareness building through proper education and also more effective & interactive comprehensive programs in larger scale by CPP integrating more people of Nijhumdwip are absolutely essential.
Burn Prevention and First Aid Knowledge among high School Students in Bangladesh
(Daffodil International University, 2016) Arifuzzaman, Mohd; Muhammad, Faisal; Farahnaz, Sara; Chowdury, ARMM; Shahjahan, Md.; Chowdhury, ABM Alauddin
Abstract: Burn injuries are one of the serious global public health problems. The high rate of burn death and disability in developing countries is all the more tragic because it is so preventable. Children are the most vulnerable group for burn injury as they have less perception about dangerous situations and a limited ability to react promptly and properly. The aim of this study was to determine high school student’s burn prevention and first-aid treatment knowledge. The study was conducted at Allardargah High School at Doulatpur Upzila of, Kushtia district under Khulna division of Bangladesh. A total of 150 purposively sample respondents were interviewed through semi-structured questionnaires for collecting information. The descriptive analysis including some statistical test was done for this study. The study revealed that majority of the respondents had the previous knowledge of burn prevention and first aid, which they gained from their school. Moreover, a statistical significant associations (p<0.05) between previously received information and current knowledge on burn first aid was found. This study also revealed that majority of respondents has exposure to television and getitng knowledge on the issue and was intended to learning more on burn prevention and first aid from their school. Burn prevention program should be designed and implemented to determine the ability of a public education program to increase awareness about burn hazards and reduce the incidence and severity of burn injuries. Media messages should be transmitted to the school students and community interventions should be implemented in communities.
Development of a state estimator for BPDB (Bangladesh Power Development Board) grid system
(Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, BUET, 1989-11) Shahjahan, Md.; Ahmed, Dr. S. Shahnawaz
For abstracts please see full text
Factors Influencing the Adolescent Marriage in a Selected Area of Bangladesh
(Daffodil International University, 2018-07-30) Khanam, Afroza; Shahjahan, Md.; Hasanat, Abul; Alam, Sk Md. Zahirul; Muhammad, Faisal
In Bangladesh, adolescent marriage has a long established custom, especially in the rural areas where it is a common phenomenon for the girls. The study was aimed to explore the factors associated with Adolescent Marriage in a selected area of Bangladesh. A total of 220 adolescent women aged 13 to 20 years were included in this study and the data were collected from August to December 2016 among the adolescence mothers who delivered at selected hospital by face to face interview technique using semi structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20. The mean age of the respondents was 18.9±3.2 years. About 97.7% of the respondents were housewives and the majority (58.6%) had primary level of education, 46.3% of the respondents got married at the age of 14-16 years and 40.9% of them got married at the age of ≤13 years. The mean family monthly income was 8412.4±6567.6 taka and most of the respondents (81.8%) experienced their first pregnancy at the age of ≤16 years. More than half (52.3%) of the respondents mentioned that fear of dowry was the reason behind the adolescence marriage. Father’s and mother’s educational level, family monthly income and consent taken during marriage was found to be significantly associated with age of the marriage of the adolescent girls. The findings reveal that the parent’s knowledge about legal age at first marriage was very much insufficient in some part of Bangladesh. It was reported that most of the marriage decision was made by the parents without the consent of the child. Social development such as parental education and urbanization may be the important solution in the prevention of early age marriages
Knowledge and Attitude Towards COVID-19 Among Adult People in Bangladesh: Evidence From an Online Survey
(Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama (IPMU), 2023-06-15) Shahjahan, Md.; Islam, M. Mazharul; Hossain, Md Kamrul; Amin, Md. Ruhul; Kamal, Mostafa; Islam, Mohammad Saiful
The objective of this study was to examine the levels and determinants of knowledge and attitudes toward COVID-19 among adult people in Bangladesh, using data from an online survey, conducted in May 2021. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were performed to extract findings from data. The survey covered 993 respondents. A high level (78.4%) of effective knowledge and positive attitude (78.6%) were observed among the Bangladeshi people. More than eighty percent of the respondents could correctly mention at least one important symptom, mode of transmission, and preventive measures of COVID-19. Good knowledge and positive attitudes were found to be significantly higher among males, living in Dhaka city, having a higher level of education, health professionals, and the wealthiest people. Knowledge about COVID-19 has significant association with positive attitude of people towards COVID-19. Despite the high level of knowledge and positive attitudes, there still prevails some misconceptions among a group of people, as one-third of the respondents opined that COVID-19 is a divine punishment and 13% were in favor of keeping it secrete if COVID-19 infection happen to them. The findings underscore the need for more educational program and behavior change communication (BCC) for the subgroups of the population that has been identified with poor knowledge and negative attitudes towards COVID-19.
Operations Research on ESP Delivery and Community Clinics in Bangladesh
(1999) Islam, Ziaul; Sarker, Sukumar; Routh, Subrata; Khuda, Barkat-e-; Mesbahuddin, Md.; Shahjahan, Md.
Operations research on ESP delivery and community clinics in Bangladesh : site selection for community clinics : a field experience
(Dhaka: ICDDR,B, 1999, 1999) Islam, Ziaul; Sarker, Sukumar; Routh, Subrata; Barkat-e-Khuda; Mesbahuddin, Md.; Shahjahan, Md.
Upgradation of Jute Retting by Pectinolytic Bacteria at Farmers' Level for the Improvement of Fibre Quality
(University of Rajshahi, 1996) Zaman, Md. Zulficquer; Rahman, M. Anisur; Alam, Md. Shah; Shahjahan, Md.
Fourteen bacterial colonies have been isolated from jute retting bacterial collections from farmers' retting tanks in the districts of Rajshahi and Pabna. Out of these fourteen bacterial colonies only three are found to be pectinolytic and non-cellulolytic. They grow moderate in Nutrient agar medium and well in Echandi medium containing Apple pectin as a source of carbon. These three bacterial strains are named by Z1, Z4 and Z3o and are identified as Micro-coccus Lyle,M. lute us and Macro-bacterium laevaniformans, respectively. In field trials pretreatment with single or mixed culture of Z1, Z4 and Z30 on basal portions of green jute resulted in removing cuttings from jute. In Tossa jute removal of cuttings are made from 1.72 inches to 0.4 - 0.33 inches and in Deshi jute from 5.8 inches to 2.0 inches. Tensile strength, fineness and color of jute fiber are also improved. These result in up gradation of jute by one to two grades over the control.