Browsing by Author "Rauf, Abdur"

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A Clinical Study and Future Prospects for Bioactive Compounds and Semi-Synthetic Molecules in the Therapies for Huntington’s Disease
(Springer, 2023-09-01) Islam, Md Rezaul; Jony, Maruf Hossain; Thufa, Gazi Kaifeara; Akash, Shopnil; Dhar, Puja Sutra; Rahman, Md Mominur; Afroz, Tahmina; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Hemeg, Hassan A.; Rauf, Abdur; Thiruvengadam, Muthu; Venkidasamy, Baskar
A neurodegenerative disorder (ND) refers to Huntington's disease (HD) which affects memory loss, weight loss, and movement dysfunctions such as chorea and dystonia. In the striatum and brain, HD most typically impacts medium-spiny neurons. Molecular genetics, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial, and metabolic dysfunction are a few of the theories advanced to explicit the pathophysiology of neuronal damage and cell death. Numerous in-depth studies of the literature have supported the therapeutic advantages of natural products in HD experimental models and other treatment approaches. This article briefly discusses the neuroprotective impacts of natural compounds against HD models. The ability of the discovered natural compounds to suppress HD was tested using either in vitro or in vivo models. Many bioactive compounds considerably lessened the memory loss and motor coordination brought on by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). Reduced lipid peroxidation, increased endogenous enzymatic antioxidants, reduced acetylcholinesterase activity, and enhanced mitochondrial energy generation have profoundly decreased the biochemical change. It is significant since histology showed that therapy with particular natural compounds lessened damage to the striatum caused by 3-NP. Moreover, natural products displayed varying degrees of neuroprotection in preclinical HD studies because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, maintenance of mitochondrial function, activation of autophagy, and inhibition of apoptosis. This study highlighted about the importance of bioactive compounds and their semi-synthetic molecules in the treatment and prevention of HD.
Alkaloids as drug leads in Alzheimer's treatment: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights
(Scopus, 2024) Islam, Md. Rezaul; Akash, Shopnil; Islam, Mohammed Murshedul; Sarkar, Nadia; Kumer, Ajoy; Chakraborty, Sandip; Dhama, Kuldeep; Al-Shaeri, Majed Ahmed; Anwar, Yasir; Wilairatana, Polrat; Rauf, Abdur; Halawani, Ibrahim F.; Alzahrani, Fuad M.; Khan, Haroon
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has few effective treatment options and continues to be a major global health concern. AD is a neurodegenerative disease that typically affects elderly people. Alkaloids have potential sources for novel drug discovery due to their diverse chemical structures and pharmacological activities. Alkaloids, natural products with heterocyclic nitrogen-containing structures, are considered potential treatments for AD. This review explores the neuroprotective properties of alkaloids in AD, focusing on their ability to regulate pathways such as amyloid-beta aggregation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation. The FDA has approved alkaloids such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors like galantamine and rivastigmine. This article explores AD's origins, current market medications, and clinical applications of alkaloids in AD therapy. This review explores the development of alkaloid-based drugs for AD, focusing on pharmacokinetics, blood–brain barrier penetration, and potential adverse effects. Future research should focus on the clinical evaluation of promising alkaloids, developing recently discovered alkaloids, and the ongoing search for novel alkaloids for medical treatment. A pharmaceutical option containing an alkaloid may potentially slow down the progression of AD while enhancing its symptoms. This review highlights the potential of alkaloids as valuable drug leads in treating AD, providing a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms of action and therapeutic implications.
Alkaloids as Drug Leads in Alzheimer's Treatment: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Insights
(Elsevier, 2024-07-01) Islam, Md. Rezaul; Akash, Shopnil; Islam, Mohammed Murshedul; Sarkar, Nadia; Kumer, Ajoy; Chakraborty, Sandip; Dhama, Kuldeep; Al-Shaeri, Majed Ahmed; Anwar, Yasir; Wilairatana, Polrat; Rauf, Abdur; Halawani, Ibrahim F.; Alzahrani, Fuad M.; Khan, Haroon
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has few effective treatment options and continues to be a major global health concern. AD is a neurodegenerative disease that typically affects elderly people. Alkaloids have potential sources for novel drug discovery due to their diverse chemical structures and pharmacological activities. Alkaloids, natural products with heterocyclic nitrogen-containing structures, are considered potential treatments for AD. This review explores the neuroprotective properties of alkaloids in AD, focusing on their ability to regulate pathways such as amyloid-beta aggregation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation. The FDA has approved alkaloids such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors like galantamine and rivastigmine. This article explores AD's origins, current market medications, and clinical applications of alkaloids in AD therapy. This review explores the development of alkaloid-based drugs for AD, focusing on pharmacokinetics, blood–brain barrier penetration, and potential adverse effects. Future research should focus on the clinical evaluation of promising alkaloids, developing recently discovered alkaloids, and the ongoing search for novel alkaloids for medical treatment. A pharmaceutical option containing an alkaloid may potentially slow down the progression of AD while enhancing its symptoms. This review highlights the potential of alkaloids as valuable drug leads in treating AD, providing a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms of action and therapeutic implications.
An Insight into COVID-19 and Traditional Herbs: Bangladesh Perspective
(Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2022-10-03) Rahman, Md Mominur; Shohag, Sheikh; Islam, Md Rezaul; Akhter, Shomaya; Mim, Sadia Afsana; Sharma, Rohit; Rauf, Abdur
SARS-CoV-2 was first discovered in Wuhan in late 2019 and has since spread over the world, resulting in the present epidemic. Because targeted therapeutics are unavailable, scientists have the opportunity to discover new drugs or vaccines to counter COVID-19, and therefore a number of synthetic bioactive compounds are now being tested in clinical studies. Due to its broad therapeutic spectrum and low adverse effects, medicinal herbs have been used as traditional healing medication in those countries for ages. Due to a lack of synthetic bioactive antiviral medications, pharmaceutical and alternative therapies have been developed using a variety of herbal compositions. Due to the widespread availability of herbal and dietary products worldwide, people frequently use them. Notably, the majority of Bangladeshi people continue to use a variety of natural plants and herbs to treat various types of diseases. This review article discusses how previous research has shown that some herbs in Bangladesh have immunomodulatory and antiviral effects and how their active ingredients have been gathered. Even though FDA-approved medications and vaccines are available for the treatment of COVID-19, the purpose is to encourage the use of herbal medicine as immunomodulators and vaccine adjuvants for the treatment of COVID-19 prevention.
Analyzing the Public Sentiment on COVID-19 Vaccination in Social Media
(Daffodil International University, 22-05-16) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Akash, Shopnil; -Or-Rashid, Md. Harun; Ray, Tanmay Kumar; Rahaman, Md. Saidur; Islam, Mahfuzul; Anika, Fazilatunnesa; Hosain, Md. Kawser; Aovi, Farjana Islam; Hemeg, Hassan A.; Rauf, Abdur; Wilairatana, Polrat
Nanoscale engineering is one of the innovative approaches to heal multitudes of ailments, such as varieties of malignancies, neurological problems, and infectious illnesses. Therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) may be modified in aspect because of their ability to stimulate physiological response while limiting negative consequences by interfacing and activating possible targets. Nanomaterials have been extensively studied and employed for cancerous therapeutic strategies since nanomaterials potentially play a significant role in medical transportation. When compared to conventional drug delivery, nanocarriers drug delivery offers various benefits, such as excellent reliability, bioactivity, improved penetration and retention impact, as well as precise targeting and administering. Upregulation of drug efflux transporters, dysfunctional apoptotic mechanisms, and a hypoxic atmosphere are all elements that lead to cancer treatment sensitivity in humans. It has been possible to target these pathways using nanoparticles and increase the effectiveness of multidrug resistance treatments. As innovative strategies of tumor chemoresistance are uncovered, nanomaterials are being developed to target specific pathways of tumor resilience. Scientists have recently begun investigating the function of nanoparticles in immunotherapy, a field that is becoming increasingly useful in the care of malignancies. Nanoscale therapeutics have been explored in this scientific literature and represent the most current approaches to neurodegenerative illnesses and cancer therapy. In addition, current findings and various biomedical nanomaterials' future promise for tissue regeneration, prospective medication design, and the synthesis of novel delivery approaches have been emphasized.
Applied Artificial Intelligence: Acceptance-Intention-Purchase and Satisfaction on Smartwatch Usage in a Ghanaian Context
(Elsevier, 2023-07-26) Uzir, Md Uzir Hossain; Bukari, Zakari; Halbusi, Hussam Al; Lim, Rodney; Wahab, Siti Norida; Rasul, Tareq; Thurasamy, Ramayah; Jerin, Ishraq; Chowdhury, M Rezaul Karim; Tarofder, Arun Kumar; Yaakop, Azizul Yadi; Hamid, Abu Bakar Abdul; Haque, Ahasanul; Rauf, Abdur; Eneizan, Bilal
Technology and its continuous advancement facilitate human beings to get rid of their criticality and limitation. Applied artificial intelligence (AAI) is one of the latest forms that delimited the limitation of human beings. Smartwatch acts as an applied artificial intelligence to assist various patients to check medical care without going to hospital and physicians. This (three) multiple-study research focused on the intention to use, purchase, and their satisfaction and spread positive word of mouth among others in the Ghanaian. To investigate these issues two renowned theories were underpinned- TAM theory and the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S–O-R). Total 550, 320, and 170 respondents were interviewed with Google forms due to COVID-19 using social media. AI-enabled smartwatch considering Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Credibility (PC), Perceived Self-Efficacy (PSE), and Perceived Financial Cost (PFC) were significant on intention to adoption and adoption intention on actual purchase. The final study showed device quality, its service level, their usage experience, perceived value, and the extent to which the satisfied customers made positive word of mouth to their friends and family, colleagues and followers. This research is significant in understanding the usage of AI-enabled smartwatches as a device doctor or electronic doctor (e-doctor).
Berberine as a Potential Anticancer Agent
(Molecules, 2021) Rauf, Abdur; Abu-Izneid, Tareq; Khalil, Anees Ahmed; Imran, Muhammad; Ali Shah, Zafar; Emran, Talha Bin; Mitra, Saikat; Khan, Zidan; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A; S M Aljohani, Abdullah; Khan, Ishaq; Rahman, Md Mominur; Jeandet, Philippe; Gondal, Tanweer Aslam
Berberine (BBR), a potential bioactive agent, has remarkable health benefits. A substantial amount of research has been conducted to date to establish the anticancer potential of BBR. The present review consolidates salient information concerning the promising anticancer activity of this compound. The therapeutic efficacy of BBR has been reported in several studies regarding colon, breast, pancreatic, liver, oral, bone, cutaneous, prostate, intestine, and thyroid cancers. BBR prevents cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and controlling the cell cycle as well as autophagy. BBR also hinders tumor cell invasion and metastasis by down-regulating metastasis-related proteins. Moreover, BBR is also beneficial in the early stages of cancer development by lowering epithelial-mesenchymal transition protein expression. Despite its significance as a potentially promising drug candidate, there are currently no pure berberine preparations approved to treat specific ailments. Hence, this review highlights our current comprehensive knowledge of sources, extraction methods, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles of berberine, as well as the proposed mechanisms of action associated with its anticancer potential. The information presented here will help provide a baseline for researchers, scientists, and drug developers regarding the use of berberine as a promising candidate in treating different types of cancers.
Bioactive Molecules From Terrestrial and Seafood Resources in Hypertension Treatment
(Springer Nature Limited, 2023-10-30) Islam, Md. Rezaul; Dhar, Puja Sutro; Akash, Shopnil; Syed, Sabeena Hussain; Gupta, Jeetendra Kumar; Gandla, Kumaraswamy; Akter, Muniya; Rauf, Abdur; Hemeg, Hassan A.; Anwar, Yasir; Aljohny, Bassam Oudh; Wilairatana, Polrat
Hypertension (HTN), a complex cardiovascular disease (CVD), significantly impacts global health, prompting a growing interest in complementary and alternative therapeutic approaches. This review article seeks to provide an up-to-date and thorough summary of modern therapeutic techniques for treating HTN, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action found in substances found in plants, herbs, and seafood. Bioactive molecules have been a significant source of novel therapeutics and are crucial in developing and testing new HTN remedies. Recent advances in science have made it possible to understand the complex molecular mechanisms underlying blood pressure (BP)-regulating effects of these natural substances better. Polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and peptides are examples of bioactive compounds that have demonstrated promise in influencing several pathways involved in regulating vascular tone, reducing oxidative stress (OS), reducing inflammation, and improving endothelial function. The article explains the vasodilatory, diuretic, and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) modifying properties of vital plants such as garlic and olive leaf. Phytochemicals from plants are the primary in traditional drug development as models for novel antihypertensive drugs, providing diverse strategies to combat HTN due to their biological actions. The review also discusses the functions of calcium channel blockers originating from natural sources, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and nitric oxide (NO) donors. Including seafood components in this study demonstrates the increased interest in using bioactive chemicals originating from marine sources to treat HTN. Omega-3 fatty acids, peptides, and minerals obtained from seafood sources have anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and antioxidant properties that improve vascular health and control BP. Overall, we discussed the multiple functions of bioactive molecules and seafood components in the treatment of HTN.
Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Rhazya stricta Extracts and Evaluation of Its Biological Activities
(Daffodil International University, 2022-07-21) Bawazeer, Sami; Rauf, Abdur; Emran, Talha Bin; Aljohani, Abdullah S. M.; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Khan, Zidan; Ahmad, Laiba; Hemeg, Hassan A.; Muhammad, Naveed; Sharma, Rohit; Maalik, Aneela; Khan, Ibrahim
Rhazya stricta is a well-known medicinal plant and source of numerous potential secondary metabolites including steroids, alkaloids, and tannins. R. stricta possesses multimedical applications and used for curing of various diseases such as inflammation, diabetes, sore throat, infectious, helminthiasis, arthritis, and cancer. The current investigation deals with synthesizing AgNPs using aqueous and ethanol extracts of R. stricta. The synthesized R. stricta-AgNPs were characterized through UV-visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods. The UV-visible analysis exhibited a characteristic absorption at 475 nm in R. stricta ethanol AgNPs while this peak was absent in R. stricta aqueous crude extract. The thermal stability of R. stricta-AgNPs demonstrated that by increasing the reduction time and temperature, the absorption of AgNPs also increased, leading to more stable NPs formation. The FTIR spectra showed a broad peak at 450-550 cm-1 that confirmed the occurrence of AgNPs of R. stricta. The AFM study of the synthesized AgNPs revealed the spherical shape and size ranging from 30 nm to 90 nm. In antioxidant and antibacterial study, the R. stricta-AgNPs exhibited good antioxidant activity (87.94% and 88.37%) than the ethanol crude extract (50.00% and 56.81%) at 100 μg/mL using DPPH assay. Maximum antibacterial activity was recorded against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), which was 15 and 0 mm, while against Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonia) was found to be 16 and 14 mm, respectively, whereas against Bacillus subtills, a poor activity was recorded as 14 for extract and 0 mm for AgNPs, respectively. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the percent effect of extract (100 mg/kg) and AgNPs (15 mg/kg) was 79.98 and 83.23, respectively. The maximum muscle coordination effect of extracts in the inclined plan and traction test was 44% and 38% at higher doses. A mild sedative effect was also recorded against extract and AgNPs. The significant () effect of extract was noted at 100 mg/kg while AgNPs was more significant () at the tested dose of 15 mg/kg. These findings have concluded that R. stricta-AgNPs is an effective bioreductant of AgNPs synthesis and exhibit several applications in distinctive biomedical and pharmaceutical industries.
Bioinorganic Nanoparticles for the Remediation of Environmental Pollution
(Hindawi Publications, 2023-04-10) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Ahmed, Limon; Anika, Fazilatunnesa; Riya, Anha Akter; Kali, Sumaiya Khatun; Rauf, Abdur; Sharma, Rohit
Nowadays, environmental pollution has become a critical issue for both developed and developing countries. Because of excessive industrialization, burning of fossil fuels, mining and exploration, extensive agricultural activities, and plastics, the environment is being contaminated rapidly through soil, air, and water. There are a variety of approaches for treating environmental toxins, but each has its own set of restrictions. As a result, various therapies are accessible, and approaches that are effective, long-lasting, less harmful, and have a superior outcome are extensively demanded. Modern research advances focus more on polymer-based nanoparticles, which are frequently used in drug design, drug delivery systems, environmental remediation, power storage, transformations, and other fields. Bioinorganic nanomaterials could be a better candidate to control contaminants in the environment. In this article, we focused on their synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic process, and contributions to environmental remediation against numerous ecological hazards. In this review article, we also tried to explore their recent advancements and futuristic contributions to control and prevent various pollutants in the environment.
Colon Cancer: and Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Treatment by Potential Natural Products
(Elsevier, 22-12-01) Islam, Md Rezaul; Akash, Shopnil; Akash, Shopnil; Rahman, Md Mominur; Nowrin, Feana Tasmim; Akter, Tamanna; Shohag, Sheikh; Rauf, Abdur; S M Aljohani, Abdullah; Simal-Gandara, Jesus
Colon cancer affects both men and women and is the world's second most significant cause of cancer-related mortality. Colon cancer death rates have risen worldwide due to the current food habit and lifestyle, which include a lot of meat, alcohol, and not enough physical exercise. As a result, novel, less harmful pharmacological treatments for colon cancer are needed now more than ever before. Colorectal cancer (CRC) affects a significant portion of the world's population. Chemotherapy's limits, as demonstrated by side effects and resistance in CRC patients, are now being sought after despite recent breakthroughs that have improved patient care and survival. Numerous chemical compounds present in medicinal herbs have shown anti-tumor and anti-apoptotic properties against various cancers, including CRC, in animal experiments. These chemicals, which come from several phytochemical families, activate several signaling pathways. This article discusses research on the anti-CRC benefits of many plants conducted in vitro, as well as the phytochemical components of plants that may play a role in the study. Researchers are also looking into the impact of these compounds on various pathways involved in cancer signaling. According to this review, anti-CRC compounds may be generated from medicinal plants. That's why we're looking at how natural items can help treat cancer while lowering the risk of developing it.
Corrigendum to “exploring the Nutritional and Health Benefits of Pulses from the Indian Himalayan Region: A Glimpse into the Region's Rich Agricultural Heritage” [Food Chem. 422 (2023) 136259] (Food Chemistry (2023) 422, (S0308814623008774), (10.1016/J.Foodchem.2023.136259))
(Elsevier, 2024-03-01) Semwal, Prabhakar; Painuli, Sakshi; Begum, J.P. Shabaaz; Jamloki, Abhishek; Rauf, Abdur; Olatunde, Ahmed; Rahman, Md. Mominur; Mukerjee, Nobendu; Khalil, Anees Ahmed; Aljohani, Abdullah S.M.; Abdulmonem, Waleed Al; Simal-Gand, Jesus
The authors regret the errors that appeared in their paper, “Exploring the nutritional and health benefits of pulses from the Indian Himalayan region: A glimpse into the region’s rich agricultural heritage.” The misrepresentation of data in our review was attributed to cross-reference papers, leading to poor citation due to errors already present in those sources (Venkidasamya et al. 2019; and Liu & Xu, 2016). Additionally, a few typographical errors occurred during the manuscript's revision process, which unfortunately went unnoticed during proofreading. This corrigendum is submitted seeking to address and rectify these issues appropriately.
Diosgenin: An Updated Pharmacological Review and Therapeutic Perspectives
(Daffodil International University, 2022-05-29) Semwal, Prabhakar; Painuli, Sakshi; Abu-Izneid, Tareq; Rauf, Abdur; Sharma, Anshu; Daştan, Sevgi Durna; Kumar, Manoj; Alshehri, Mohammed M.; Taheri, Yasaman; Das, Rajib; Mitra, Saikat; Emran, Talha Bin; Sharifi-, Javad; Rad, Javad Sharifi-; Calina, Daniela; Cho, William C.
Plants including Rhizoma polgonati, Smilax china, and Trigonella foenum-graecum contain a lot of diosgenin, a steroidal sapogenin. This bioactive phytochemical has shown high potential and interest in the treatment of various disorders such as cancer, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and cardiovascular disease, in addition to being an important starting material for the preparation of several steroidal drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. This review aims to provide an overview of the in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reporting the diosgenin’s pharmacological effects and to discuss the safety issues. Preclinical studies have shown promising effects on cancer, neuroprotection, atherosclerosis, asthma, bone health, and other pathologies. Clinical investigations have demonstrated diosgenin’s nontoxic nature and promising benefits on cognitive function and menopause. However, further well-designed clinical trials are needed to address the other effects seen in preclinical studies, as well as a better knowledge of the diosgenin’s safety profile.
Exploring the Nutritional and Health Benefits of Pulses From the Indian Himalayan Region
(Elsevier, 2023-04-18) Semwal, Prabhakar; Painuli, Sakshi; Begum, Shabaaz; Jamloki, Abhishek; Rauf, Abdur; Olatunde, Ahmed; Md. Mominur Rahman; Mukerjee, Nobendu; Khalil, Anees Ahmed; Aljohani, Abdullah S.M.; Abdulmonem, Waleed Al; Simal-Gandara, Jesus
Pulses have been consumed worldwide for over 10 centuries and are currently among the most widely used foods. They are not economically important, but also nutritionally beneficial as they constitute a good source of protein, fibre, vitamins and minerals such as iron, zinc, folate and magnesium. Pulses, but particularly species such as Macrotyloma uniflorum, Phaseolus vulgaris L., Glycine max L. and Vigna umbellate, are essential ingredients of the local diet in the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR). Consuming pulses can have a favourable effect on cardiovascular health as they improve serum lipid profiles, reduce blood pressure, decrease platelet activity, regulate blood glucose and insulin levels, and reduce inflammation. Although pulses also contain anti-nutritional compounds such as phytates, lectins or enzyme inhibitors, their deleterious effects can be lessened by using effective processing and cooking methods. Despite their great potential, however, the use of some pulses is confined to IHR regions. This comprehensive review discusses the state of the art in available knowledge about various types of pulses grown in IHR in terms of chemical and nutritional properties, health effects, accessibility, and agricultural productivity.
Exploring the Plant-Derived Bioactive Substances As Antidiabetic Agent
(Daffodil International University, 2022-06-01) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Dhar, Puja Sutro; Sumaia; Anika, Fazilatunnesa; Ahmed, Limon; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Sultana, Nazneen Ahmeda; Cavalu, Simona; Pop, Ovidiu; Rauf, Abdur
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome. Diabetes has become more common in recent years. Chemically generated drugs are used to lessen the effects of DM and its following repercussions due to unpleasant side effects such as weight gain, gastrointestinal issues, and heart failure. On the other hand, medicinal plants could be a good source of anti-diabetic medications. This article aims to determine any plant matrix’s positive potential. Food restriction, physical activity, and the use of antidiabetic plant-derived chemicals are all being promoted as effective ways to manage diabetes because they are less expensive and have fewer or no side effects. This review focuses on antidiabetic plants, along with their bioactive constituent, chemically characterization, and plantbased diets for diabetes management. There is minimal scientific data about the mechanism of action of the plant-based product has been found. The purpose of this article is to highlight anti-diabetic plants and plantderived bioactive compounds that have anti-diabetic properties. It also provides researchers with data that may be used to build future strategies, such as identifying promising bioactive molecules to make diabetes management easier.
Exploring the Potential Function of Trace Elements in Human Health
(Springer Nature Limited, 2023-01-13) Islam, Md. Rezaul; Akash, Shopnil; Jony, Maruf Hossain; Alam, Md Noor; Nowrin, Feana Tasmim; Rahman, Md. Mominur; Rauf, Abdur; Thiruvengadam, Muthu
A trace element, known as a minor element, is a chemical element whose concentration is very low. They are divided into essential and non-essential classes. Numerous physiological and metabolic processes in both plants and animals require essential trace elements. These essential trace elements are so directly related to the metabolic and physiologic processes of the organism that either their excess or deficiency can result in severe bodily malfunction or, in the worst situations, death. Elements can be found in nature in various forms and are essential for the body to carry out its varied functions. Trace elements are crucial for biological, chemical, and molecular cell activity. Nutritional deficits can lead to weakened immunity, increased susceptibility to oral and systemic infections, delayed physical and mental development, and lower productivity. Trace element enzymes are involved in many biological and chemical processes. These compounds act as co-factors for a number of enzymes and serve as centers for stabilizing the structures of proteins and enzymes, allowing them to mediate crucial biological processes. Some trace elements control vital biological processes by attaching to molecules on the cell membrane's receptor site or altering the structure of the membrane to prevent specific molecules from entering the cell. Some trace elements are engaged in redox reactions. Trace elements have two purposes. They are required for the regular stability of cellular structures, but when lacking, they might activate alternate routes and induce disorders. Therefore, thoroughly understanding these trace elements is essential for maintaining optimal health and preventing disease.
Exploring the Promise of Targeting Ubiquitin-proteasome System to Combat Alzheimer’s Disease
(Neurotoxicity Research, Springer, 2020-03-19) Al Mamun, Abdullah; Uddin, Md. Sahab; Kabir, Md. Tanvir; Khanum, Sayema; Sarwar, Md. Shahid; Mathew, Bijo; Rauf, Abdur; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Md Ashraf, Ghulam
The ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) is considered as a central protein degradation system in all eukaryotes. The UPS comprises of several factors such as Ub and Ub-like molecules, Ub hydrolases, E3 Ub ligases, and the proteasome itself. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the dysfunction of UPS plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Furthermore, current evidence has suggested that the UPS components can be connected with the initial stage of AD that is characterized by synaptic dysfunction, and to the late phases of AD, marked by neurodegeneration. In AD patients, the accumulations of insoluble protein in the brain can be caused by overload or dysfunction of the UPS, or by conformational alterations in the protein substrates that prevent their degradation and recognition by the UPS. Synaptic dysfunction is also caused by defective proteolysis that has found in the initial stage in AD as the UPS is widely recognized to play a pivotal role in the regular activities of synapses. Conversely, its precise cause and pathogenesis are unclear. Presently accepted medicines for AD give symptomatic relief, though they are unable to stop the progression of the disease. Besides, the components of the cellular quality control system demonstrate a significant emphasis on the advancement of targeted and effective treatments for AD. In this review, we focus on the role of UPS in the pathogenesis of AD and highlight how the UPS-linked treatments influence in the management of AD.
Exploring the Recent Trends in Perturbing the Cellular Signaling Pathways in Cancer by Natural Products
(Daffodil International University, 22-09-08) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Sarker, Md. Taslim; Tumpa, Mst. Afroza Alam; Yamin, Md.; Islam, Tamanna; Park, Moon Nyeo; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Rauf, Abdur; Sharma, Rohit; Cavalu, Simona; Kim, Bonglee
Cancer is commonly thought to be the product of irregular cell division. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the major cause of death globally. Nature offers an abundant supply of bioactive compounds with high therapeutic efficacy. Anticancer effects have been studied in a variety of phytochemicals found in nature. When Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anticancer drugs are combined with natural compounds, the effectiveness improves. Several agents have already progressed to clinical trials based on these promising results of natural compounds against various cancer forms. Natural compounds prevent cancer cell proliferation, development, and metastasis by inducing cell cycle arrest, activating intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and down-regulating activated signaling pathways. These natural chemicals are known to affect numerous important cellular signaling pathways, such as NF-B, MAPK, Wnt, Notch, Akt, p53, AR, ER, and many others, to cause cell death signals and induce apoptosis in pre-cancerous or cancer cells without harming normal cells. As a result, non-toxic "natural drugs" taken from nature's bounty could be effective for the prevention of tumor progression and/or therapy of human malignancies, either alone or in combination with conventional treatments. Natural compounds have also been shown in preclinical studies to improve the sensitivity of resistant cancers to currently available chemotherapy agents. To summarize, preclinical and clinical findings against cancer indicate that natural-sourced compounds have promising anticancer efficacy. The vital purpose of these studies is to target cellular signaling pathways in cancer by natural compounds.
Food Color Additives in Hazardous Consequences of Human Health: An Overview
(Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2023-02-07) Sultana, Sharifa; Rahman, Md. Mominur; Aovi, Farjana Islam; Jahan, Farhana Israt; Hossain, Md Sakhawat; Brishti, Shadia Afrin; Yamin, Md.; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Rauf, Abdur; Sharma, Rohit
Food color additives are used to make food more appetizing. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) permitted nine artificial colorings in foods, drugs, and cosmetics, whereas the European Union (EU) approved five artificial colors (E-104, 122, 124, 131, and 142) for food. However, these synthetic coloring materials raise various health hazards. The present review aimed to summarize the toxic effects of these coloring food additives on the brain, liver, kidney, lungs, urinary bladder, and thyroid gland. In this respect, we aimed to highlight the scientific evidence and the crucial need to assess potential health hazards of all colors used in food on human and nonhuman biota for better scrutiny. Blue 1 causes kidney tumor in mice, and there is evidence of death due to ingestion through a feeding tube. Blue 2 and Citrus Red 2 cause brain and urinary bladder tumors, respectively, whereas other coloring additives may cause different types of cancers and numerous adverse health effects. In light of this, this review focuses on the different possible adverse health effects caused by these food coloring additives, and possible ways to mitigate or avoid the damage they may cause. We hope that the data collected from in vitro or in vivo studies and from clinical investigations related to the possible health hazards of food color additives will be helpful to both researchers and the food industry in the future.
Green Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Using Opuntia Dillenii Aqueous Extracts
(Daffodil International University, 2022-03-26) Ahmed, Anees; Rauf, Abdur; Hemeg, Hassan A.; Qureshi, Muhammad Nasimullah; Sharma, Rohit; Aljohani, Abdullah S. M.; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Khan, Ibrahim; Alam, Amir; Rahman, Md. Mominur
In the present study, gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized from aqueous extracts of Opuntia dillenii, characterized by various advanced techniques and investigated for antibacterial and antifungal potential. Phytochemical screening of O. dillenii showed the presence of alkaloids, betacyanin, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and phlobatannins. The characterizations of the synthesized metal NPs were performed such as UV-visible spectrophotometer, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrophotometer, SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray). Through the application of such advance techniques, the UV-visible spectrophotometer showed the bands of absorbance for AgNPs and AuNPs at 420 nm and 525 nm range, respectively. The FTIR spectra for both and AgNPs also appeared in the range of 4000-400 cm-1. SEM was performed for the textural and morphological characteristics of the NPs such as shape, size distribution, and surface structure. Elemental analysis was recorded for the synthesis of Au and AgNPs, which confirmed its purity. The O. dillenii extract and their synthesized Au and AgNPs showed a clear zone of inhibition against the E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumonia, and P. aeruginosa bacteria and T. viride, C. albicans, C. krusei, and A. niger fungal species.