Browsing by Author "Rather, Mohd Ashraf"

Filter results by typing the first few letters
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    In Silico Designing of Multiepitope-Based-Peptide (MBP) Vaccine Against MAPK Protein Express for Alzheimer’s Disease in Zebrafish
    (IEEE, 2023-11-12) Arfat, Yasir; Zafar, Imran; Sehgal, Sheikh Arslan; Ayaz, Mazhar; Sajid, Muhammad; Khan, Jamal Muhammad; Ahsan, Muhammad; Rather, Mohd Ashraf; Khan, Azmat Ali; Alshehri, Jamilah M.; Akash, Shopnil; Nepovimova, Eugenie; Kuca, Kamil; Sharma, Rohit
    Understanding the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signalling pathway is essential in advancing treatments for neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's. In this study, we investigate in-silico techniques involving computer-based methods to extract the MAPK1 sequence. Our applied methods enable us to analyze the protein's structure, evaluate its properties, establish its evolutionary relationships, and assess its prevalence in populations. We also predict epitopes, assess their ability to trigger immune responses, and check for allergenicity using advanced computational tools to understand their immunological properties comprehensively. We apply virtual screening, docking, and structure modelling to identify promising drug candidates, analyze their interactions, and enhance drug design processes. We identified a total of 30 cell-targeting molecules against the MAPK1 protein, where we selected top 10 CTL epitopes (PAGGGPNPG, GGGPNPGSG, SAPAGGGPN, AVSAPAGGG, AGGGPNPGS, ATAAVSAPA, TAAVSAPAG, ENIIGINDI, INDIIRTPT, and NDIIRTPTI) for further evaluation to determine their potential efficacy, safety, and suitability for vaccine design based on strong binding potential. The potential to cover a large portion of the world's population with these vaccines is substantial—88.5 % for one type and 99.99 % for another. In exploring the molecular docking analyses, we examined a library of compounds from the ZINC database. Among them, we identified twelve compounds with the lowest binding energy. Critical residues in the MAPK1 protein, such as VAL48, LYS63, CYS175, ASP176, LYS160, ALA61, LEU165, TYR45, SER162, ARG33, PRO365, PHE363, ILE40, ASN163, and GLU42, are pivotal for interactions with these compounds. Our result suggests that these compounds could influence the protein's behaviour. Moreover, our docking analyses revealed that the predicted peptides have a strong affinity for the MAPK1 protein. These peptides form stable complexes, indicating their potential as potent inhibitors. This study contributes to the identification of new drug compounds and the screening of their desired properties. These compounds could potentially help reduce the excessive activity of MAPK1, which is linked to Alzheimer's disease.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Toxic Effects of Nanomaterials on Aquatic Animals and Their Future Prospective
    (Daffodil International University, 2023-05-23) Zafar, Imran; Safder, Arfa; Ain, Qurat ul; Hanane, Mouada; Yousaf, Waqas; Arshad, Ihtesham; Rather, Mohd Ashraf; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad
    Industries have been producing nanomaterials (NMs) for years and using them in various commercial applications. The toxicological effects of nanoparticles (NPs) provide an uncontrolled introduction to the environment and inspire concerns regarding their affecting the aquatic animals. We reviewed the literature on the toxicity of NMs and NPs to aquatic animals from the perspective of relevance and reliability in a regulatory framework. In this chapter, we summarise the data on the effect of NMs on aquatic animals and provide a holistic overview of the effects of penetration and accumulation of NPs in the body of aquatic animals and their toxic effect, biotransformation, and migration along food webs are considered. Understanding the unique properties of nanoscale materials has proven to be an essential aspect of their toxicity. We critically examine the progress of applying wide-ranging organisms to understand the holistic pathways involved in the mechanisms that may be affected by exposure to NMs. It is demonstrated that the behaviour of nanomaterials in the environment and their effect on living organisms have been studied insufficiently and require close attention because their release into the environment will increase very soon.