Browsing by Author "Rahman, Taiabur"

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Impact of factories on school-going children: a case study on Hatiaba village in Gazipur district
(BRAC University, 2022-06) Patwary, Md. Monirul Islam; Rahman, Taiabur
Different dimensions of factories create employment opportunities for middle to lower-income class people. Over the years, it has created a huge impact on society. Within a decade, Hatiaba village under Gazipur district has been surrounded by some factories. In this study, what are the industrial impacts and its influence on school-going children, as well as how it ties down with school dropouts and child labor in Hatiaba village has been discussed, collecting data based on primary survey by interviewing village people, questionnaires, Focused Group Discussion (FGD) along with other secondary sources. This is an ingenious attempt to thoroughly examine the said issue. Both qualitative and quantitative research methodology have been used to assess the reality of the study area. Respondents of the study admitted that industry has had influences on schoolgoing students directly and indirectly, the cases being – dropout from schools, child labor and socio-economic conditions of inhabitants. According to theoretical framework in this research discussed all these things to find out the current situation and problems of school-going students in Hatiaba village. Socio-economic condition is playing vital role in society. To setup some factories in Hatiaba village, it creates some social impacts simultaneously economic changes. The outcome of the study and major findings is that, factories impact on school dropout and child labor is less significant than poverty rather changes their socio-economic conditions little bit.
Study on agricultural cropping pattern change in a water stress area of North-west region of Bangladesh a case study in Sapahar Upazilla under Naogaon district
(BRAC University, 2022-06) Miah, Md. Ruhul Amin; Rahman, Taiabur
This study examines the effect of drought on cropping pattern of sample farms in the North-west Regions of Bangladesh. A strong drought can cause greater than 40% damage to broadcast aus rice. During the kharif season, it causes significant destruction to the transplant aman rice crop in approximately 2.32 million ha every year. Past droughts have naturally affected about 53% of the population and 47% of the country. Cropping systems in a region are determined by soil and climatic conditions. Changes in cropping patterns are likely to impact on the availability of water resources due to differences in crop water requirements. The objective of this study was to identify impact of drought on cropping pattern under water stress condition in North-west region of Bangladesh. Farmers from a total of 100 selected farms were interviewed for farm level data in September to December 2016 time periods. Change of cropping system over the study period (2006-2015) in Shapahar upazila . Meanwhile, it is evident that the cropping pattern was dominated by grain crops (rice and wheat, between the 2006 and 2015, with rice constituting the largest area, followed by wheat. Although a major grain crop, rice occupied maximum areas in wet season, whereas wheat and mango orchard can be cultivated in dry areas. Although the area of grain crops showed a downward trend over the study period, the share of grain crops was still more than 0ꞏ50 of total crop area sown. Around 51% farmers responded that due to the cropping pattern change and technological advancement, the production is increasing. On the other side, 39% farmers said that production is increasing due to the improved irrigation facility but climatic variation creating significant obstacles in this process and hampering the production in a big extent. Changing the cropping pattern has significant effects on regional crop productivity: in this way, this new crop has increased the total crop production without increasing significantly the regional water consumption. The results of this case study indicate that regional agricultural water can be used effectively by properly planning crop areas and patterns under irrigation water limitations. Crop production is influenced by inadequate rainfall, high temperature, severe drought, river erosion, and tropical storms. All of which are likely to increase as a result of climate change. Most fields remain fallow during winter and Kharif-I season after harvest of Transplant Aman rice due to moisture stress. The area under cash crops (mango orchard, wheat, water melon and vegetable) increased phenomenally over the study period. It was found that mango orchard performed better, with an average gross margin of marginal, small, medium and large farmers at Sapahar upazila under Naogaon district. Despite this higher production performance, the costs increase was < 5% for other crops. In addition, the benefit-cost ratios of all other crops were higher for better production than rice. It must also be noted that both less water required crops and mango orchard cultivation was profitable compared to rice cultivation. The highest gross return and gross margin were found from mango orchard in all the (marginal, small, medium and large) farmers group and the lowest gross return and gross margin were found from rice cultivation at sapahar upazilla in Naogoan district. This demonstrates that cash crops are turning into a prevailing crop type and mirrors an inclination toward expansion of pay by farmers, who are subbing them for water-intensive crops like rice and sub-par (low financial return) ones like wheat and mango orchard. To cope with the adverse effects of droughts, the farmers have been adapting strategies like increase irrigation facilitates, and cultivating drought tolerant crops, less water required crops like wheat, jujebe and mango orchard. In any case, there is a need to cultivate a feasible sustainable cropping pattern that is multifunctional, which can guarantee food security, improve normal asset utilize and give steady and exceptional return to farmers.
The impact of Mobile Court Act, 2009 on restraining the propensity of child marriage in Bangladesh: Empirical evidences from Ishwarganj Upazilla, Mymensingh
(BRAC University, 2021-06-30) Ahasan, Mohammed Anamul; Rahman, Taiabur
This dissertation contains the study conducted by the researcher as a part of his master’s thesis. The study examines the status and effectiveness of the Mobile Court Act, 2009 to restrain the propensity of child marriage in Bangladesh based on the experience of one Upazilla, named Ishwarganj, Mymensingh. Child marriage is a social curse. It is detrimental to a girl’s physiological and mental development. It is also harmful for the society as well as for the country. Child marriage is prevalent in Bangladesh in general and rural areas in particular. To reduce the extent of child marriage, Bangladesh government tries in various ways such as motivation, awareness building and enacting law. Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929 was enacted and put into practice to stop child marriage. Under the Child Marriage Restraint Act (1929), the legal age of marriage in Bangladesh is 18 years for a female and 21 years for a male. Penalties for child marriage according to the Act are imprisonment for one month or a fine of up to 1,000 taka ($ 11.76) or both. Any adult or guardian arranging and permitting child marriage can be convicted under the law. Girls cannot be sentenced to imprisonment under the provision of law. This act has failed to create an effective impact to reduce child marriage in Bangladesh. The government understood the failure. To overcome this problem, government included this law under the schedule of Mobile Court act 2009. Mobile Court brings a new dimension and a significant paradigm shift in the enforcement of laws in Bangladesh to restrain the propensity of child marriage. Later in 2017, Government has passed Child Marriage Restraint Act, 2017. The current law in Bangladesh is the Child Marriage Restraint Act, 2017 (CMRA) repealing the earlier British law of 1929. The Act sets the minimum age of marriage for a male as 21 years and for a female as 18 years. CMRA criminalizes contracting, allowing, or solemnizing of a child marriage. In 2018 the Child Marriage Restraint Rules had been also formulated providing details of the formation and responsibilities of the Child Marriage Prevention Committees, along with other functional details. Again, Government included Child Marriage Restraint Act, 2017 under the schedule of Mobile Court act 2009. After the enactment of Mobile Court Act, 2009 executive magistrates conduct mobile court to stop child marriage in their local jurisdiction. At the Upazilla level Upazilla Nirbahi Officer vi (UNO) and Assistant Commissioner (Land) enjoy and enforce executive magistracy power. Their relentless effort makes many Upazilla child marriages free. Likewise, the researcher conducted a survey on the people of Ishwarganj Upazilla having diverse socio-economic profile. A part of the survey was also conducted on the children who were saved from the curse of child marriage. Now Ishwarganj Upazilla is a child Marriage free Upazilla. By closely observing the activities of executive magistrates in conducting mobile court, the researcher received the fundamental ideas of how this change achieved. The researcher formulated a theoretical framework to analyze the collected information. Analysis of primary data revealed that most of the children who were saved from the marriage were satisfied with the active, effective and timely initiative of executive magistrate’s mobile courts. The respondents opined that without the intervention of mobile court none could save them from child marriage. Mobile Court Act, 2009 gives the executive magistrates power to stop child marriage and punish those who are involved with child marriage. Upazilla Nirbahi Officer (UNO) and Assistant Commissioner (Land) also apply their administrative power, image and capability against child marriage. Even they are able to create a movement against child marriage. In the study area, it is found that now people are more aware of the harmful effect of child marriage. Meeting, seminar, motivational campaign, active participation of student council, information network and over all exemplary punishment given by mobile court make the people conscious and aware about detrimental effect of child marriage. Family violence and maternal death rate has reduced in this locality. From both service providers and service seekers perspective it is proved that “Mobile Court Act-2009” is an important and effective means against child marriage. Most of the respondents of all cluster termed “Mobile Court Act-2009” as a people friendly act rather a coercive one.