Browsing by Author "Rahman, Md. Naimur"

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A review of microplastic threat mitigation in Asian lentic environments
(Scopus, 2024-01-31) Sadia, Moriom Rahman; Hasan, Mehedi; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul; Jion, Most. Mastura Munia Farjana; Masud, Md Abdullah Al; Rahman, Md. Naimur
Microplastic (MP) pollution has evolved into a significant worldwide environmental concern due to its widespread sources, enduring presence, and adverse effects on lentic ecosystems and human well-being. The growing awareness of the hidden threat posed by MPs in lentic ecosystems has emphasized the need for more in-depth research. Unlike marine environments, there remain unanswered questions about MP hotspots, ecotoxic effects, transport mechanisms, and fragmentation in lentic ecosystems. The introduction of MPs represents a novel threat to long-term environmental health, posing unresolved challenges for sustainable management. While MP pollution in lentic ecosystems has garnered global attention due to its ecotoxicity, our understanding of MP hotspots in lakes from an Asian perspective remains limited. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of MP hotspots, morphological attributes, ecotoxic impacts, sustainable solutions, and future challenges across Asia. The review summarizes the methods employed in previous studies and the techniques for sampling and analyzing microplastics in lake water and sediment. Notably, most studies concerning lake microplastics tend to follow the order of China > India > Pakistan > Nepal > Turkey > Bangladesh. Additionally, this review critically addresses the analysis of microplastics in lake water and sediment, shedding light on the prevalent net-based sampling methods. Ultimately, this study emphasizes the existing research gaps and suggests new research directions, taking into account recent advancements in the study of microplastics in lentic environments. In conclusion, the review advocates for sustainable interventions to mitigate MP pollution in the future, highlighting the presence of MPs in Asian lakes, water, and sediment, and their potential ecotoxicological repercussions on both the environment and human health.
An Internship Experience In a Technical Departments at Jannat Fashion
(Department of Business and Technology Management(BTM), Islamic University of Technology(IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh, 2025-10-25) Rahman, Md. Naimur
Assessing and predicting the dynamics of land use/land cover in northern Bangladesh using cellular Automata-Markov chain model
(Scopus, 2024) Rahman, Md. Naimur; Saleheen, Md. Mushfiqus; Islam, Abu Reza Md Towfiqul; Sohel, Md Salman; Islam, Md. Sahidul
Rapid urbanization and land use changes significantly impact environmental sustainability and resource management, particularly in developing regions. Therefore, this study examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use and land cover (LULC) in Rangpur, Bangladesh, from 1991 to 2021 and projects future trends to 2041. Using supervised and unsupervised classification techniques, along with cellular automata and Markov-chain models, we assessed historical LULC changes and predicted future scenarios. Results show a 38.86% increase in built-up areas (BAs) and a 49.86% decrease invegetation land (VL) during the study period, with classification accuracy above 87%. Projections indicate a further loss of over 210 km² of VL and an increase of more than 123 km² in urban areas by 2041. Notably, urban expansion is linked to the development of road networks, with significant growth from 115.06 km2 in 2021 to 124.33 km2 by 2041 within a 15-kilometer radius around the city center. These findings offer crucial insights for urban planning, emphasizing the need for sustainable strategies to manage urban expansion and protect environmental and socio-economic resilience in Rangpur.
Bioavailability and Toxicity of Heavy Metals and Microplastics in Shellfish (Meretrix Lyrata) a Preliminary Study in the Bay of Bengal
(Elsevier, 2024-08-15) Hossain, Md. Yeamin; Uddin, Minhaz; Kormoker, Tapos; Rahman, Md. Ashekur; Haque, Md. Kamrul; Rahman, Md. Naimur; Tasmin, Rumana; Samad, Md. Abdus; Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar; Rahman, M. Safiur
Microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals (HMs) pollution pose significant environmental threats by accumulating in marine species, leading to potential health risks for marine life and humans consuming contaminated seafood. However, limited research has been conducted on the bioavailability and toxicity of MPs and HMs in the marine biota of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. In this study, the bioavailability of some HMs (i.e., Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) and MPs in a common marine shellfish (Meretrix lyrata) of the Bay of Bengal having nutritional and economic importance, and their human health risks due to the consumption of M. lyrata mussels has been evaluated. The mean concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr in the samples were determined spectrophotometrically and found as 5.54, 45.65, 0.51, and 33.51 mg/kg, respectively, which are higher than the maximum permissible limit set by different national and international entities. This study revealed that the hazard index values for all samples were greater than unity, which indicated that the cumulative effect of all selected heavy metals may pose substantial health hazards. The target cancer risk for Pb and Ni was also significant (i.e., TR > 1.0E-04). On the other hand, MPs (mainly polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene) of different colors (7-8) and shapes (6.53-330 μm) were detected in 50% of the total studied samples, which is alarming and will result in a potential health risk due to the consumption of the mussels. Therefore, the consumer should be careful to eat this selected mussel (M. lyrata) in their regular meal and the concerned authority should take proper steps to protect this natural species from heavy metal and MPs contamination.
Bioavailability and toxicity of heavy metals and microplastics in shellfish (Meretrix lyrata): A preliminary study in the Bay of Bengal
(Scopus, 2024-12) Hossain, Md. Yeamin; Uddin, Minhaz; Kormok, Tapos; Rahman, Md. Ashekur; Haque, Md. Kamrul; Rahman, Md. Naimur; Tasmin, Rumana; Samad, Md. Abdus; Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar; Rahman, M. Safiur
Microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals (HMs) pollution pose significant environmental threats by accumulating in marine species, leading to potential health risks for marine life and humans consuming contaminated seafood. However, limited research has been conducted on the bioavailability and toxicity of MPs and HMs in the marine biota of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. In this study, the bioavailability of some HMs (i.e., Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) and MPs in a common marine shellfish (Meretrix lyrata) of the Bay of Bengal having nutritional and economic importance, and their human health risks due to the consumption of M. lyrata mussels has been evaluated. The mean concentrations of Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr in the samples were determined spectrophotometrically and found as 5.54, 45.65, 0.51, and 33.51 mg/kg, respectively, which are higher than the maximum permissible limit set by different national and international entities. This study revealed that the hazard index values for all samples were greater than unity, which indicated that the cumulative effect of all selected heavy metals may pose substantial health hazards. The target cancer risk for Pb and Ni was also significant (i.e., TR > 1.0E-04). On the other hand, MPs (mainly polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene) of different colors (7−8) and shapes (6.53–330 μm) were detected in 50 % of the total studied samples, which is alarming and will result in a potential health risk due to the consumption of the mussels. Therefore, the consumer should be careful to eat this selected mussel (M. lyrata) in their regular meal and the concerned authority should take proper steps to protect this natural species from heavy metal and MPs contamination.
Deep reinforcement learning based climate aware irrigation ccheduling for boro rice cultivation in Mymensingh, Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2025-10) Rahman, Md. Naimur; Saiyara, Lamia; Labib, Nahian Quader; Aiman, Chowdhury Shadab; Azmain, Md. Aquib
An optimized irrigation system leads to better crop yield and reduction in water wastage, which in broader terms contributes to the growth of a country’s economic sector and im- proves food security. In flood prone countries like Bangladesh[10], farmers manually access irrigation strategies using finger tests and eye observation, leading to several prob- lems such as over-irrigation, under-irrigation, failure to adapt irrigation strategies with the weather, etc. Thus, there has been significant focus on developing efficient irrigation systems, integrating various technologies such as IoT, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), etc. Within the domain of ML, Reinforcement Learning (RL) has the potential to take irrigation systems to the next level through automating irrigation, however, integrating RL in this field remains under-researched. Moreover, in Bangladesh, neither traditional methods of irrigation nor smart irrigation systems are capable of adapting to the dynamic climatic and environ- mental conditions of Bangladesh. Thus, this paper proposes an RL-system that utilizes diverse crop data as well as real time climatic and environmental data to develop a robust irrigation system to optimize irrigation, maximize yield, reduce water wastage and adapt to the dynamic environment of Bangladesh.
Estimation of Drought Trends and Comparison Between SPI and SPEI with Prediction Using Machine Learning Models in Rangpur, Bangladesh
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2023-09-09) Akter, Mst. Labony; Rahman, Md. Naimur; Azim, Syed Anowerul; Rony, Md. Rakib Hasan; Sohel, Md. Salman; Abdo, Hazem Ghassan
This study investigates drought trends, SPI-SPEI comparisons, and predictions in Rangpur, Bangladesh, from 1979 to 2020. We employed Modified Mann-Kendall for trend analysis, SPI and SPEI for drought assessment, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Simple Linear Regression for evaluating SPI and SPEI relationships. Additionally, we utilized ANN, SVM, and RF for prediction. The study revealed notable negative trends in seasonal and annual drought, with the highest z statistics observed for SPI 06 (-2.75), SPI 09 (-4.50), SPI 12 (5.60), SPI 24 (-8.40), SPEI 06 (-5.13), SPEI 09 (-6.82), SPEI 12 (-8.04), and SPEI 24 (-11.20). Strong correlations were identified across all SPI and SPEI indices, with coefficients peaking at 97%, 98%, 98%, and 97% for 06, 09, 12, and 24-month periods, respectively. The comparative assessment favored SPEI over SPI, highlighting its superiority and accuracy. The ANN prediction model showed significant results for short-term and seasonal drought forecasts, projecting SPEI 03 and SPEI 06 increases of 0.02 and 0.24, respectively. However, long-term drought estimation exhibited insignificant performance across all predictive models. This emphasizes the need for developing essential predictive tools for future drought variability.
Microplastic as an Invisible Threat to the Coral Reefs: Sources, Toxicity Mechanisms, Policy Intervention, and the Way Forward
(IEEE, 2023-07-15) Rahman, Md. Naimur; Shozib, Sajjad Hossain; Akter, Mst. Yeasmin; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul; Islam, Md. Saiful; Sohel, Md. Salman; Kamaraj, Chinnaperumal; Rakib, Md. Refat Jahan; Idris, Abubakr M.; Sarker, Aniruddha; Malafaia, Guilherme
Microplastic (MP) pollution waste is a global macro problem, and research on MP contamination has been done in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. Preventing MP pollution from hurting them is essential to maintaining coral reefs' ecological and economic benefits. However, the public and scientific communities must pay more attention to MP research on the coral reef regions' distribution, effects, mechanisms, and policy evaluations. Therefore, this review summarizes the global MP distribution and source within the coral reefs. Current knowledge extends the impacts of MP on coral reefs, existing policy, and further recommendations to mitigate MPs contamination on corals are critically analyzed. Furthermore, mechanisms of MP on coral and human health are also highlighted to pinpoint research gaps and potential future studies. Given the escalating plastic usage and the prevalence of coral bleaching globally, there is a pressing need to prioritize research efforts on marine MPs that concentrate on critical coral reef areas. Such investigations should encompass an extensive and crucial understanding of the distribution, destiny, and effects of the MPs on human and coral health and the potential hazards of those MPs from an ecological viewpoint.
Personal Protective Equipment-Derived Pollution During COVID-19 Era: A Critical Review of Ecotoxicology Impacts, Intervention Strategies, and Future Challenges
(Elsevier, 2023-05-13) Hasan, Mehedi; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul; Jion, Most. Mastura Munia Farjana; Rahman, Md. Naimur; Peu, Susmita Datta; Das, Arnob; Bari, A.B.M. Mainul; Islam, Md. Saiful; Pal, Subodh Chandra; Islam, Aznarul; Choudhury, Tasrina Rabia; Rakib, Md. Refat Jahan; Idris, Abubakr M.; Malafaia, Guilherme
During the COVID-19 pandemic, people used personal protective equipment (PPE) to lessen the spread of the virus. The release of microplastics (MPs) from discarded PPE is a new threat to the long-term health of the environment and poses challenges that are not yet clear. PPE-derived MPs have been found in multi-environmental compartments, e.g., water, sediments, air, and soil across the Bay of Bengal (BoB). As COVID-19 spreads, healthcare facilities use more plastic PPE, polluting aquatic ecosystems. Excessive PPE use releases MPs into the ecosystem, which aquatic organisms ingest, distressing the food chain and possibly causing ongoing health problems in humans. Thus, post-COVID-19 sustainability depends on proper intervention strategies for PPE waste, which have received scholarly interest. Although many studies have investigated PPE-induced MPs pollution in the BoB countries (e.g., India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar), the ecotoxicity impacts, intervention strategies, and future challenges of PPE-derived waste have largely gone unnoticed. Our study presents a critical literature review covering the ecotoxicity impacts, intervention strategies, and future challenges across the BoB countries (e.g., India (162,034.45 tons), Bangladesh (67,996 tons), Sri Lanka (35,707.95 tons), and Myanmar (22,593.5 tons). The ecotoxicity impacts of PPE-derived MPs on human health and other environmental compartments are critically addressed. The review's findings infer a gap in the 5R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Redesign, and Restructure) Strategy's implementation in the BoB coastal regions, hindering the achievement of UN SDG-12. Despite widespread research advancements in the BoB, many questions about PPE-derived MPs pollution from the perspective of the COVID-19 era still need to be answered. In response to the post-COVID-19 environmental remediation concerns, this study highlights the present research gaps and suggests new research directions considering the current MPs' research advancements on COVID-related PPE waste. Finally, the review suggests a framework for proper intervention strategies for reducing and monitoring PPE-derived MPs pollution in the BoB countries.
Recruitment and Selection process: A Study on Grameen Bank, Corporate Branch, Mirpur 02
(Daffodil International University, 2016-12-31) Rahman, Md. Naimur
As part of my BBA internship Program, I have been assigned to make a report on‘ Recruitment& Selection Process’ A Study on Grameen Bank, Corporate Branch, Mirpur 02” By my supervisor, Associate Professor & Head Gouranga Chandra Debnath. I have worked in Mirpur Circle 02, Head Office of Grameen Bank and worked for the last three months. The internship provides me an opportunity to grasp practical knowledge of specialized banking and the procedure is as followsof Recruitment & Selection process by a prominent specialized bank, to know the effectiveness of this process and advances and how they manage it. In Grameen Bank all arrangements will be made through notice in three dailies both English and Bangla. Grameen Bank initiates numerous representatives in consistently. Grameen Bank utilizes both inner and outer hotspots for enlistment. Grameen Bank has persistent enrollment and choice procedure. To get opportune individuals at ideal time for right position, they have efficient enlistment process. After the enrollment partition, select up-and-comers following fitting determination procedure like CV, Shorting and IT test, Initial Interview, Final Interview, Job offer and arrangement. Subsequent to selecting the new representatives, Grameen Bank gives brief direction program. New workers are designated with the probation time of a half year. Subsequent to finishing the probation time frame, Grameen Bank affirms the new representative's administrations if their exhibition is in a good level or satisfy the prerequisites of the bank.
Seasonal and annual trends in reference evapotranspiration and prediction using machine learning models across seven climatic zones of Bangladesh
(Scopus, 2024-11-10) Rahman, Md. Naimur
The primary aim of this investigation is to examine the historical (1989–2020) and future trends and magnitude of Reference Evapotranspiration (ET0) in terms of spatiotemporal measures, considering its significance as a hydro-meteorological parameter influenced by changing climate. The FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method is employed to analyze ET0, while the Modified Mann Kendall test is utilized to assess trends and Sen’s Slope Estimator is used for magnitude analysis. The future prediction is conducted using Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Random Forest (RF) models. Results show an increasing ET0 trend annually in the southeastern and northeastern zones, while decreased values are observed in other regions, particularly in the northwest (0.83 mm). Sen’s slope estimator reveals distinct fluctuations in ET0, with notable disparities in the Southeastern, Northeastern, Southwestern, and South-Central zones. Notably, Chattogram and Sitakunda experience an ET0 magnitude of 0.02 mm/Year, while other zones show a magnitude of 0.01 mm/Year. SVM outperformed other models, predicting rising ET0 in various seasons. These findings offer insights for optimizing irrigation systems and sustainable water management under changing climatic conditions.
Seasonal and Annual Trends in Reference Evapotranspiration and Prediction Using Machine Learning Models Across Seven Climatic Zones of Bangladesh
(Taylor & Francis, 2024-11-13) Rahman, Md. Naimur
The primary aim of this investigation is to examine the historical (1989–2020) and future trends and magnitude of Reference Evapotranspiration (ET0) in terms of spatiotemporal measures, considering its significance as a hydro-meteorological parameter influenced by changing climate. The FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method is employed to analyze ET0, while the Modified Mann Kendall test is utilized to assess trends and Sen’s Slope Estimator is used for magnitude analysis. The future prediction is conducted using Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Random Forest (RF) models. Results show an increasing ET0 trend annually in the southeastern and northeastern zones, while decreased values are observed in other regions, particularly in the northwest (0.83 mm). Sen’s slope estimator reveals distinct fluctuations in ET0, with notable disparities in the Southeastern, Northeastern, Southwestern, and South-Central zones. Notably, Chattogram and Sitakunda experience an ET0 magnitude of 0.02 mm/Year, while other zones show a magnitude of 0.01 mm/Year. SVM outperformed other models, predicting rising ET0 in various seasons. These findings offer insights for optimizing irrigation systems and sustainable water management under changing climatic conditions.
TQM Practices and Utilization of Technology in the Ready Made Garments (RMG) Sector of Bangladesh
(Scopus, 2020) Debnath, Gouranga Chandra; Hossain, Mohammad Ikbal; Rahman, Md. Naimur
Total Quality Management (TQM) practices and utilization of modern technology in the Ready Made Garments (RMG) sector of Bangladesh are considered to be very important, as RMG is becoming a thrust sector to the economy of the country. Without modern and sophisticated technology today’s RMG sector is in vain. An expanding number of garment industries in creating nations are honing TQM with a specific end goal to produce enhancements in execution and stay aggressive. A sample of 50 garment industries from Dhaka, Narayanganj, Gajipur and Savar EPZ of Bangladesh was selected to conduct the study. A field overview with an organized poll and meetings was led to accumulating vital data from the organizations. These organizations were chosen purposefully to guarantee the best conceivable situation of TQM practices in Bangladesh. The central purpose of this paper is to inspect the performance of TQM in the RMG sector of Bangladesh. The exploration discoveries demonstrate that organizations, which grasp TQM as a working theory inside their associations can make a change in product quality. In this way, it is essential to make right mindfulness for all commercial enterprises to understand these upgrades.
Transforming landscapes: Decoding the impact of universities on urbanization using advanced modeling and perception analysis
(Scopus, 2024-10-16) Rahman, Md. Naimur; Saleheen, ,Md. Mushfiqus; Ahmad, Babor; Fadili, Hamza El; Sharifuzzaman, Sagar A. S. M.
Universities play a crucial role in urban economic and structural development. The government of Bangladesh has undertaken the initiative to establish a public university in each of the 64 districts. These newly founded universities have the potential to impact urban growth significantly. We aimed to project university-induced urban expansion to address this knowledge gap and identify the mechanisms driving urban growth. The classification of supervised and unsupervised methods was employed to analyze urban development for the years 2000, 2010, 2016, and 2022. We used the Cellular Automata and Markov Chain approach to forecast future urban growth and land transition capacity. Additionally, the driving factors and selection of the study area were derived from Focus Group Discussions (FGD), Key Informant Interviews (KII), Probit Model, and Perception Index (PI). The findings of this study reveal a 1.6% urban growth rate within ten years of the establishment of the university, while urban expansion accelerated to 29.78% after ten years. The predictions also indicate a sustained urban growth rate of 4.7% by 2042. Furthermore, the PI index demonstrates that the establishment of the university has resulted in high demand for rental housing, serving as one of the primary drivers of urban expansion. Moreover, the Probit model highlights strong economic capability, proximity to the town, railway station, hospital, and easy access to credit as vital facilitators behind the drivers of urban expansion. Policymakers, the scientific community, and urban planners can benefit from this study in pursuing sustainable city development through university establishment.
Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing at BugsBD Limited
(Daffodil International University, 22-11-08) Rahman, Md. Naimur
I interned as a Penetration tester at BugsBD Ltd, Internships as part of my Undergraduate degree of Bachelor of Science in Software Engineering at Daffodil International University (DIU). I am interested in Vulnerability Testing, and my internship in Penetration testing gave me the opportunity to work at BugsBD Ltd, on which this report is based. 1.2 Rational: Internship helps to build up confidence, etiquette, and habits which contribute to success. Internships can offer a variety of benefits. Internships provide students with much learning experiences and possibilities as they begin their careers. I want to emphasize the value of my theoretical knowledge as well as my practical experience and indeed it helped me to earn more practical experience. A penetration test, sometimes referred to as a pen test or ethical hacking, is an authorized simulated cyberattack that is conducted to evaluate the security of a computer system. To grasp the distinction, compare this to a vulnerability analysis. Bug avoidance, decreased development costs, and improved performance are just a few benefits of testing. Make a plan for handling testing. Pen testing involves breaking into multiple application systems to look for security flaws like unsensitized inputs that are susceptible to code injection attacks. The information gained from the penetration test may be used to strengthen our WAF security protocols and address vulnerabilities that were discovered. It consists of following stages: . Planning and reconnaissance . Scanning . Gaining Access . Maintaining access . Analysis 1.4 Testing methods: . External testing . Internal testing . Blind testing . Double-blind testing . Targeted testing