Browsing by Author "Rahman, Md. Mahfuzar"

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A Study on Infant and Under five Mortality in Bangladesh
(University of Rajshahi, 2009) Rahman, Md. Mahfuzar; Islam, Md. Rafiqul
Infant and under-five mortality are the sensitive indices of development and often reflect a country's quality of life. But there is little understanding of whether Bangladesh will be capable of achieving all of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) especially the MDG 4 relating to infant (0-11 months) and under-five (0-59 months) mortality. In this view, an attempt has been made to estimate childhood mortality and to identify the covariates of infant and under-five mortality measuring the contribution of each of the covariates to overall variation, with a view to reducing infant and under-five morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh so that the country may be able to reach the MDG 4 target by the year 2015. For this, data are taken from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS), 2004, for the ten-year period preceding the survey (with a total sample size 7427, of whom 5004 from rural and 2423 from urban areas), having an eligible woman (ever-married and aged 10-49) with at least one or more child(ren) and the study is executed separately for the overall country level, rural level and urban level of Bangladesh. For analyzing the data, indirect techniques (Brass, Sullivan and Trussell methods), abridged life table technique and well-known statistical tools such as Pearson chi-square (X2 ) test, logistic regression model and discriminant analysis have been performed. From the results, it is revealed that the probabilities of dying (nqx) calculated, using Brass, Sullivan and Trussell methods are increasing with the increase of age of mothers. Again in case of data classified by duration of marriage of mothers, it is observed that the nqx is increasing with the increase of marital duration. But for the urban male, these probabilities are decreasing from the marital duration of 0-4 years to 10-14 years and then again increasing up to the last marital duration group. The results of z2 test indicate that among all the selected variables e.g. mothers' education, age of mother at birth, is child twin?, toilet facility, T.T. injections, breastfeeding, antenatal visits, after birth checked health, parity and preceding birth interval are statistically and significantly associated with the infant and under-five mortality. The results of logistic regression analysis using these ten significant variables (the two variables such as child's sex and sources of drinking water are excluded because of their insignificant association showed through x2 test) revealed that is child twin?, breastfeeding, antenatal visits and after birth-checked health have highly significant (p
ASSESSMENT OF ANIMAL WELFARE IN SELECTED CATTLE MARKET AT RANGPUR CITY DURING EID-UL-AZHA
(2018-09) Rahman, Md. Mahfuzar
A total number of 60 cattle and 30 goats were studied randomly at Lalbag Hat, Hajir Hat and Burir Hat cattle market of Rangpur city during Eid-ul-Azha. Along with this, all animal were examined by physical examination. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of different basic needs providing to comfort the animal during handling, transport and staying in market and present condition of animal welfare in Rangpur district of Bangladesh. The frequency of transport by vehicle, water supply after transport, roofing for protecting from sun light, injured during and after transport, consulting with doctor was 63.45%, 33.43%, 40.84%, 21.98%, 25% for cattle and 75.21%, 28.73%. 17.44%, 9.38%, 32% for goats, respectively. From the result we can see that the overall basic needs were lower. In conclusion, the cattle and goat affected a number of serious injuries and illness during handling and transportation. This is clearly indicating the poor condition of animal welfare in selected cattle market of Bangladesh. For this reason greater attention need to pay during handling and transportation of livestock
ASSESSMENT OF ANIMAL WELFARE IN SELECTED CATTLE MARKET AT RANGPUR CITY DURING EID-UL-AZHA
(2018-09) Rahman, Md. Mahfuzar
A total number of 60 cattle and 30 goats were studied randomly at Lalbag Hat, Hajir Hat and Burir Hat cattle market of Rangpur city during Eid-ul-Azha. Along with this, all animal were examined by physical examination. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of different basic needs providing to comfort the animal during handling, transport and staying in market and present condition of animal welfare in Rangpur district of Bangladesh. The frequency of transport by vehicle, water supply after transport, roofing for protecting from sun light, injured during and after transport, consulting with doctor was 63.45%, 33.43%, 40.84%, 21.98%, 25% for cattle and 75.21%, 28.73%. 17.44%, 9.38%, 32% for goats, respectively. From the result we can see that the overall basic needs were lower. In conclusion, the cattle and goat affected a number of serious injuries and illness during handling and transportation. This is clearly indicating the poor condition of animal welfare in selected cattle market of Bangladesh. For this reason greater attention need to pay during handling and transportation of livestock
Compliance of PPR 2008 : a study on LGED based on KPIs
(BRAC University, 2013-03-31) Rahman, Md. Mahfuzar; Islam, Dr. Md. Zohurul
Transparency, efficiency, accountability, competitiveness, equitable treatment and free & fair competition are essential to be ensured in the procurement using public funds. In Bangladesh, these could not be ensured earlier due to a lack of proper rules and regulation. To streamline the public procurement activities, the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh has enacted Public Procurement Act (PPA) 2006 and thereafter issued Public Procurement Rules (PPR) 2008. Since then government agencies are bound to abide by the Act and Rules very strictly in their procurement activities. The Central Procurement Technical Unit (CPTU) of the Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division (IMED) is continually monitoring the compliance of PPA 2006 and PPR 2008 by the target agencies in the light of 45 predetermined Key Performance Indicators (KPI). Among the four target agencies, LGED is the largest in terms of budget allocation against the projects in the Annual Development Programme (ADP). It is generally said that a total of 80% of ADP allocation are spent for procurement of goods, works and services which are administered by PPR 2008. Thus, it seems to be a good consideration to have a look at the compliance issues of PPR 2008 in LGED’s procurement activities. The research has been designed under the questions if LGED is following PPR 2008 completely or not; and if not, then the causes behind that. The main objectives of the present study are to find out the extent of compliance of PPR 2008 by LEGD and to find out the gap of compliance and scope of improvement for implementation. The related literatures and reports, particularly from LGED and SRGB, have been thoroughly reviewed before conducting the main research work. The key findings of these reports have been compared and analyzed which helped to draw important conclusion of the study. A questionnaire survey was carried out to collect primary data from different stakeholders related to procurement activities of LGED. For in-depth study on the compliance issues of PPR 2008, eight different projects were studied carefully to collect the qualitative data too. In addition to survey, key informant interviews have been conducted to get the perceptions of few senior officers of LGED and IMED. The study result shows a clear adherence to the rules of PPR 2008 in LGED in carrying out most of the compliance related KPIs. The individual consultant’s reports as well as SRGB’s report also show a clear indication of compliance of PPR 2008 by LGED. Among the 11 different compliance issues, it has been revealed that respondents replied in an overall positive manner as satisfactory against 7 issues. For other 4 issues namely submission of report by the TEC, imposition of liquidated damage, days taken to release payment, and interest for delayed payment are not satisfactory and a clear improvement is required in these areas. Also, the perceptions of the respondents regarding the issue of releasing payment need to investigate more cautiously as there are ambiguity among the findings of present study, individual consultant’s reports and SRGB’s report. However, the scenario is more or less similar in other target agencies For improvement of these situations, four specific recommendations have been drawn. These are (i) to induce a mechanism for ensuring that TER is directly submitted to the contract approving authority as per Rule 36(3) of PPR 2008, (ii) to ensure the timely payment to the contractors, tender should be floated only after availability of sufficient fund, (iii) a liquidated damage clause and (iv) payment of interest in case of delayed payment should be considered carefully to protect the interests of both the parties.