Browsing by Author "Rahman, Md. Atiqur"

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A Novel Approach to Select an Optimal Text Compression Method Based on Application
(Scopus, 2024) Rahman, Md. Atiqur; Nirob, Md. Asraful Sharker; Akter, Mashreka; Ayan, Mariyam Bin; Payel, Israt Jahan
Substantial amounts of text data are now produced on many platforms, especially via social media and in various industries. These data are challenging to store on a local computer or to send over the internet. Compression is an effective way of reducing the size of the original data, saving storage space, and reducing transmission costs in cyberspace. Many text compressors have already been developed, some of which offer greater compression while others provide higher speeds. For data storage applications such as Google Drive, OneDrive, and Dropbox, the compression ratio is more significant over encoding and decoding time. However, in contrast, there are various applications, such as real-time messaging, where encoding time, decoding time, and compression ratio hold equal importance. The selection of a text compressor based on either the compression ratio or the compression or decompression speed is easy; however, the performance of a compressor depends on all of these parameters, and it is difficult to select a better compressor from a range of alternatives based on a combination of these parameters. In this work, we propose a technique for selecting the optimum text compressor by analyzing the data from each perspective. An analysis is also provided to confirm the authenticity of the proposed technique.
A Novel Approach to Select an Optimal Text Compression Method Based on Application
(Scopus, 2024) Rahman, Md. Atiqur; Nirob, Md. Asraful Sharker; Akter, Mashreka; Ayan, Mariyam Bin; Payel, Israt Jahan
Substantial amounts of text data are now produced on many platforms, especially via social media and in various industries. These data are challenging to store on a local computer or to send over the internet. Compression is an effective way of reducing the size of the original data, saving storage space, and reducing transmission costs in cyberspace. Many text compressors have already been developed, some of which offer greater compression while others provide higher speeds. For data storage applications such as Google Drive, OneDrive, and Dropbox, the compression ratio is more significant over encoding and decoding time. However, in contrast, there are various applications, such as real-time messaging, where encoding time, decoding time, and compression ratio hold equal importance. The selection of a text compressor based on either the compression ratio or the compression or decompression speed is easy; however, the performance of a compressor depends on all of these parameters, and it is difficult to select a better compressor from a range of alternatives based on a combination of these parameters. In this work, we propose a technique for selecting the optimum text compressor by analyzing the data from each perspective. An analysis is also provided to confirm the authenticity of the proposed technique.
An Automated Navigation System for Blind People
(Daffodil International University, 2022-02-01) Rahman, Md. Atiqur; Siddika, Sadia; Al-Baky, Md. Abdullah; Mia, Md. Jueal
Proper navigation and detailed perception in familiar or unfamiliar environments are the main roles for human life. Eyesight sense helps humans to abstain from all kinds of dangers and navigate to indoor and outdoor environments. These are challenging activities for blind people in all environments. Many assistive tools have been developed by the blessing of technology like braille compasses and white canes that help them to navigate around in the environment. A vision and cloud-based navigation system for the visually impaired or blind person was developed. Our aim was not only to navigate them but also to perceive the environment in as much detail as a normal person. The proposed system includes ultrasonic sensors detecting obstacles, stereo camera to capture videos to perceive the environment using deep learning algorithms. Face recognition approach identified known faces in front of him. Blind people interacted with the whole system through a speech recognition module and all the information was stored in the cloud. Web and android applications were developed to track blinds so that guardians were monitoring them while visiting and reached them in an emergency. The experimental results showed the proposed system could provide more plenty information and user-friendly interaction.
Analyzing security threats and mitigation techniques for fog computing in IoT-enabled smart cities
(Brac University, 2024-06) Emon, Sheikh Sadi; Malek, Marium; Turja, Md. Iftekhar Hossain; Sun, Khalid Redwan; Rahman, Md. Atiqur; Hossain, Muhammad Iqbal; Mukta, Jannatun Noor
In the midst of rising urbanization and advancements in technology, Smart Cities have developed as a crucial response to the complexities associated with urban liv ing. A significant contribution to the development of automated smart cities has come from the fusion between IoT fog-based technologies. This integration facili tates instantaneous data processing, optimization of resources, and improved citizen services. Nevertheless, as these systems get more complex and interconnected, they become subject to many security threats. This thesis examines the major security issues introduced by Fog Computing in Smart Cities. Fog Computing is an exten sion of cloud capabilities to the network infrastructure edge, resulting in enhanced data privacy, decreases latency, and brings new risks that will require additional investigation and mitigation. This study begins by providing a thorough expla nation of the fundamental principles underlying Smart Cities, the use of IoT and Fog Computing in building said smart cities, thereby facilitating a comprehensive comprehension of their interconnectedness. Subsequently, this paper investigates the security vulnerabilities that threatens the use of Fog Computing with IoT based Smart Cities, with a particular motif on the potential vulnerabilities pertaining to in fringements of data privacy, unauthorized access, network congestion, and associated apprehensions such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, the dissemi nation of malware, and physical manipulation. These strategies encompass resilient authentication mechanisms, encryption protocols, intrusion detection systems, and blockchain technology. Finally, this thesis analyzes Fog Computing security vul nerabilities in IoT-based Smart Cities and emphasizes the solutions for proactive approaches to protect these revolutionary urban ecosystems’ integrity, privacy, and resilience.
Assessment of groundwater and surface water interaction using mathematical model for Bogra district
(Department of Water Resources Engineering, 2018-09-29) Rahman, Md. Atiqur; Zobeyer, Dr. A. T. M. Hasan
Groundwater and surface water play an important role in meeting the water demands. Domestic & irrigation water needs are being met in many parts of the world using groundwater. Depending on the hydrological conditions, the river aquifer interaction plays a significant role in the availability of water resources in an area. In this study the interaction process of the aquifer with the three main rivers of Bogra district is investigated. The study to understand the features of river-aquifer flow exchange has been conducted using MIKE 11 and MIKE-SHE modelling software which incorporates main features of the entire hydrological process as well as the river-aquifer flow exchange. The study area has been selected considering extensive use of GW and perennial flow of the rivers, thus an area for river Jamuna (39.5km), Bangali (83km) and Karatoya (73km) has been selected. All required data, particularly information on land and water use, aquifer properties, river-aquifer conductance etc. have been collected from available secondary sources. The model has been simulated within the period from 2005 to 2016. For the two rivers under the prevailing hydrological and water use condition, the inflow (flow from river to aquifer) period is higher than outflow period except Bangali river where the outflow period is higher than inflow period. In case of Karatoya river the inflow period is very high compared to the outflow period due to low groundwater level. For the options; Option-1 (25% reduction of flow) and Option-2 (50% reduction of flow), the inflow period decreases and outflow period increases. The inflow rate is higher compared to the outflow rate for the two rivers except Bangali river for base condition. Under the options the inflow rate decreases for all rivers for reduction of upstream flow. Jamuna river inflow has decreased to 45% for Option-2 (50% reduction of flow) and for Karatoya river inflow has decreased to 53% for Option-2 compared to base condition. The outflow rate under all options also increases for all rivers except Jamuna. The increase rate is high of 80% for Option-2 compared to base condition in case of Karatoya river which will affect the aquifer.
Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy by Energy Quantization from Different Black Holes
(University of Rajshahi, 2016) Hossain, Md. Jakir; Rahman, Md. Atiqur; Hossain, Md. Ilias
We investigate the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy from different types of non-rotating black holes in de Sitter and Anti-de Sitter spaces by using the energy quantization mechanism in analogy with Bohr’s atomic model. We quantize the energy of the particle from the quantization of angular momentum. We also investigate the change of entropy between two nearby states as well as the thermal emission rate. In the limiting case all the results coincide with one another for the black holes in de Sitter and Anti- de Sitter spaces. The thesis is organized as follows: In chapter 1 we provide a brief discussion about our work of studying Bekenstein-Hawking entropy from black hole spacetime. In chapter 2 to 7 by using the quantization method we investigate the Lagrangian and canonical momenta of test particle, Radial motion and Effective Potential, Quantization of Circular Orbit, Energy quantization and Hawking Radiation for Schwarzschild, Schwarzschild-de Sitter (SdS), Schwarzschild Anti-de Sitter (SAdS), Reissner-Nordström (RN), Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter (RNdS), Reissner-Nordström Anti-de Sitter (RNAdS), black holes. Our new process is universally robust and the entropy framework given in this work indeed support the new perspective on quantum properties of gravity beyond classical physics, however, suggests a new idea to unify gravity with quantum theory and in the limiting case, the results are in line with that obtained by Sakalli et al. and He et al.’s method of the black hole.
Bird Face Microstrip Printed Monopole Antenna Design for Ultra Wide Band Applications
(De Gruyter, 2016-08-11) Hossain, Mohammad Jakir; Faruque, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal; Islam, Md. Moinul; Islam, Mohammad Tariqul; Rahman, Md. Atiqur
In this paper, a novel bird face microstrip printed monopole ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is investigated. The proposed compact antenna consists of a ring-shaped with additional slot and slotted ground plane on FR4 material. The overall electrical dimension of the proposed antenna is 0.25 λ×0.36 λ×0.016 λ and is energized by microstrip feed line. The Computer Simulation Technology (CST) and the High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) is applied in this analysis. The impedance bandwidth of the monopole antenna cover 3.1–12.3 GHz (9.2 GHz, BW) frequency range. The messurement displayed that the designed antenna achieved excellent gain and stable omnidirectional radiation patterns within the UWB. The maximum gain of 6.8 dBi and omnidirectional radiation pattern makes the proposed antenna that is suitable for UWB systems. Full Text Link: https://doi.org/10.1515/freq-2016-0113
Centralized patient information system
(Daffodil International University, 2018-05-05) Rahman, Md. Atiqur
Hospital service has been provided so well with recent technology and equipment. We can imagine a modern world of treatment where all information of patients, doctors, pathologists should be kept, there should be a database for all of theme and keep their track record on that database specially for the patients. Many Hospitals currently use a manual system for the management and maintenance of clinical information. In this system they put all information in paper and sometimes they lost that documents and it creates many problems. “Centralized Patient Information System” Is a web-based application for keeping all the information into a web server. Main purpose of this software is to keep data like background and personal information, problems, taken medicines, and pathological test reports of a patients into a central database and those data will neither have deleted nor lost. Whenever any doctor will face any kind of problem regarding patients then this database will help the doctors in an effective way for background study of the patient. All of this information must be managed in an efficient and effective way so that an institution's resources may be effectively utilized, Centralized Patient Information system(CPIS) will automate the management of the hospital by making it more efficient and error free. It aims at standardizing and consolidating data by ensuring data integrity and reducing inconsistencies. In this project, I tried to create simple patient’s information system for the doctors and the pathologist.
Comparison of Different Machine Learning Algorithms for Detecting Bankruptcy
(2021 6th International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT), IEEE, 2021-01) Keya, Maria Sultana; Akter, Himu; Rahman, Md. Atiqur; Rahman, Md. Mahbobur; Emon, Minhaz Uddin; Zulfiker, Md. Sabab
There has been severe experiments from academics and merchandisers concerning models for Predicting bankruptcy. The paper propounds an extensive rethink of work done during 5 years in the petition of intellectual strategy to accomplish bankruptcy prediction problems. Several machine learning directions are being used in this research paper for Predicting bankruptcy. Some algorithms: AdaBoost, Decision tree, J48, Bagging, Random Forest are used in this paper. By traditional models, machine learning models offer enhancing bankruptcy prediction accuracy. Different types of models are tested using several evaluation metrics. The five years Bagging accuracy range is 95% within 97% among another model. Here include kfold cross-validation(k=10) to measure our accuracy. Bagging accuracy is high in this paper. Confusion matrix is used to recount the perfection of a classification model that gives true values for knowing.
Comparison of Different Machine Learning Algorithms for Detecting Bankruptcy
(2021 6th International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT), IEEE, 2021-02-26) Keya, Maria Sultana; Akter, Himu; Rahman, Md. Atiqur; Rahman, Md. Mahbobur; Emon, Minhaz Uddin
There has been severe experiments from academics and merchandisers concerning models for Predicting bankruptcy. The paper propounds an extensive rethink of work done during 5 years in the petition of intellectual strategy to accomplish bankruptcy prediction problems. Several machine learning directions are being used in this research paper for Predicting bankruptcy. Some algorithms: AdaBoost, Decision tree, J48, Bagging, Random Forest are used in this paper. By traditional models, machine learning models offer enhancing bankruptcy prediction accuracy. Different types of models are tested using several evaluation metrics. The five years Bagging accuracy range is 95% within 97% among another model. Here include kfold cross-validation (k=10) to measure our accuracy. Bagging accuracy is high in this paper. Confusion matrix is used to recount the perfection of a classification model that gives true values for knowing.
Extraction, Radical Scavenging and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils of Root of Dryopteris Marginalis
(Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2019) Islam, Md. Zahidul; Foisal, Jannat Al; Rahman, Mahbubur; Mimi, Mst. Afsana; Islam, Faridul; Habib, Rasel; Khan, Nowshin Farzana; Rahman, Md. Atiqur; Parvin, Tanzima; Cui, Daxiang
The aim of the study was to characterize the chemical constituents and determine antibacterial and antioxidant activities of essential oils and three different extracts of Dryopteris marginalis. The root had essential oil yield of 0.36 % (w/w) in which 12 organic compounds representing 97.22% of the root oils were identified. Tyranton was found as the most abundant component with 77.571 % of the total concentration in the essential oil. The zones of inhibition of different organic extracts against the tested bacteria were found in the range of 6.5-15 mm. Pseudomonas was the most vulnerable with MICs of 15.62 μg/mL by both ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extract producing 3.8 mm zone of inhibition. The essential oils extracted from roots of Dryopteris marginalis showed maximum 85.29 % inhibition of radical scavenging at 2 mg/mL concentration. Among all root extracts, methanol extract exhibited 41.11 % inhibition at 2 mg/mL concentration.
Impact of Garments Industry in Bangladesh Economy
(East West University, 8/20/2015) Rahman, Md. Atiqur
Ready made Garments (RMG) is a great prospect for the Bangladesh Economy especially in Exporting. Almost 80% of total export covers from this Sector. RMG impact a lot in the economy of Bangladesh such as contribution a large portion in the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) , Contribution to the GNP (Gross national Product), Economic Empowerment especially for Women because 80% of The Garments Worker are Women. The Readymade Garment (RMG) industry of Bangladesh tells an impressive story of country successful transition o\ cards a major export t- oriented economy. Starting its journey in the late 1970s with relatively small investment, the industry, the industry flourished in 1980 and 1990 and has become the largest industry in Bangladesh. The contributory factors of the RMG industry in Bangladesh are global trading agreement, cheap labor cost, government policy support and dynamic private entrepreneurship. All these things have helped Bangladesh to gain a handsome share in the global garment business. From early 1990 inwards the RMG industry has become the largest ·foreign exchange earning sector in the economy. In 2013-14, Bangladesh earned nearly $ 20 billion by exporting garment products and RMG cover 75 percent of the total export of the country, having the lion 's share of the country's exchange. Contribution of RMG is very positive Bangladesh economy, sharing 18percent of the total national GDP. Moreover the industry has become a vehicle for further industrialization of the country then accelerated to its journey with the commitment to the society to build prosperous Industrial backbone for socioeconomic development of the country. board gets some feasible idea of future strategic moves of the organization. Because, fairly a well established human resource management can built a constructive organization likewise some constructive organizations can build a modern country. However, nowadays HR Department is onsiderate as the Mutual Bridge of making evenly understandable decisions between all the departments among an organization. How and why is that? The answer is - "Since each department is Human Oriented and HRM deals with every individual human being or employee working in an organization, this statement is true as well as valid one. So HRM decrease the distances and conflicts between the employees of all the departments as well as enhance the work efficiency of the workforce which eventually results a certain amount of profit maximization for the companionship. Finally a profitable Industry must contribute to the economy of the country's development.
Impacts of Agriculture Practices on Sustainable Biodiversity in Rajshahi District
(University of Rajshahi, 2016) Rahman, Md. Atiqur; Rahman, Md. Redwanur
Bangladesh is one of the biodiversity rich countries in the world. However, the biodiversity is declining day by day due to anthropogenic activity like human population growth, habitat destruction, pollutions, agriculture, global warming, forest fragmentation etc. Agricultural activities such as tillage, drainage, intercropping, rotation, grazing and extensive usage of pesticides and fertilizers have significant implications for wild species of flora and fauna. Some management techniques, changes in agricultural practices, monocropping, hybridization and land degradation, create such fundamental habit changes that there are significant shift in species composition. The study was conducted to determine the impacts of agriculture practices on sustainable biodiversity in Puthia Upazilla, Rajshahi district. There are number of undesirable environmental impacts associated with natural vegetation and trees, indigenous plant diversity, exotic plant, organic matter, fish diversity, shortage of water, wild life and indigenous bird species diversity, hybrid crops, use of chemical fertilizer, pesticides herbicide, insecticide found in the study area. It was found that, some agricultural practices with the use of modern technologies causes a depletion of biodiversity. There are about 15052 hectre of cultivable land present in Puthia. In 1990s, about 60.2% of people used traditional method of cultivation. On the other hand, now a days about 75% of peoples are using modern methods of cultivation. In 1990, cultivable land area were 36157 acre of which only 12.5% were irrigated but in 2014, cultivale land were 36481 and 100% were under irrigation. About 5-10% tubewell water are available In March-May and 25-30% of tubewell water are available in may-June.Static level of ground water rised and dependency on submersible pump increased. In 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 annual rain fall were recorded as 729, 1134, 1475 and 1626 mm respectively in the study area. About 28 wetlands or beels with 1821 hectore of total land in puthia. Among them, only 890 hectore area were used for cultivation in 1990 and 1739 hectore are using for cultivation in 2014. Now a trend has been started to digging pond in the beel area. In 1990, cultivation mostly depend on organic manure but in 2014 use of chemical fertilizer has tremendously increased. In 1990 most of the people used only 5-7 items of pesticides on their cultivable land on the other hand the use of pesticide practices increasing in the study area up to 15-22 items in 2014. There were about 31 species of fruit plants, 29 species of timber plants and 43 species of medicinal plants were commonly found in 1990, but in 2014 it is only 22 species of fruit, 18 species of timber plants and 25 species of medicinal plants are commonly found respectively. A total of 184 plant species were identified in the six study villages during last one year 2014. Among the 184 plant species, 45% weed species, 15% vegetable, 12% fruits species, 10% timber species, 4% spices and 14% medicinal plants species. In case of wild animal, in 1990 about 21 species were seen in the study area but depletion of wild animals are occurring in the study area, Only about 14 species rarely found in 2014. About total 34 species of birds recorded and were common in 1990. But only 25 species are common in 2014. About 39 species of fish were common in 1990. But only 21 species are common in 2014. A total of 75 animals species were identified in the six study Villages during last one year 2014. Among the 75 animals species, 3% livestock, 4% poultry, 3% pet animals, 19% wild animals, 33% birds and 38% fishes species. Findings of this study that cultivation/land used pattern (50%), Use of chemical fertilizer (9.2%), Use of pesticide etc. (16%), Irrigration (4.4%), Hybrid, HYV and Exotic plant (4.5%), Use of modern agriculture technology (5.2%), Habitat distruction (3.4%), Road constration and urbanization (4.7%) and others (2.6%) were the causes of loss of biodiversity mentioned by the respondents. But there occur depletion among the species in time to time and up to 2014 which is mostly done by anthropogenic activities. During data collection from questionnaires, it was found that most of the farmers did not taken the training of proper use of insecticides, pesticides, weedicides and chemical fertilizers. But the have the realization to the necessity of sustainable Biodiversity conservation. Additionally impacts of agriculture practices on sustainable biodiversity afford an opportunity for researchers to make further researches, particularly about the conditions in which native and diverse species will flourish.
Insight - VFX Short Film
(Daffodil International University, 2018-11) Rahman, Md. Aliur; Rahman, Atikur; Rahman, Atiqur; Ahammed, Hasan; Mirza, Md. Aklakuzzaman; Rahman, Md. Atiqur
Our full team of INSIGHT has one aim only to make a project which will be remembered. To achieve this we find out the natural story and we select it for our project. Our project name INSIGHT which will give us a social message and we it will increase awareness in our society.SO if we want to reach there we have made our project perfectly. This project is based on VFX. That's why we need to work hard to create a composition and all other things which need for this project. First of all we have to organize our team and our team work. Then we have to develop our story and story concept with our imagination and must keep the awareness massage. We want to keep massage on our story that if we are going wrong way and if we all time disappointment with every things then something will automatically come to our life then this things control us and lead us to wrong way. That’s something’s we can called it negative power which destroy our mentality and Finley it destroy our life. This fact may be know everyone but nobody are aware about this fact. That’s why want to show this massage on our project with some special effect and seen For VFX work we are going to use Adobe after effect and Bijou and for 3d modeling, we are going to use Auto desk Maya and Auto desk max and for final editing and Adobe premiere pro and some of relative software.
Medicinal plants used by the folk medicinal practitioners of Bangladesh: a randomized survey in a village of Narayanganj district
(The American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information (AENSI), 2011) Karim, Md. Sajjadul; Rahman, Md. Mahfuzur; Shahid, Sadia Binta; Malek, Ishita; Rahman, Md. Atiqur; Jahan, Sharmin; Jahan, Farhana Israt; Rahmatullah, Mohammed
Folk medicinal practitioners play an important role in the primary health-care system of Bangladesh. They are known as Kavirajes and practice in villages, towns and cities of the country. The mainstay of their formulation is medicinal plants, which is either administered orally or topically in the form of decoctions, pastes, pills, juice or direct administration of whole plant or plant parts. The objective of the present study was to conduct a survey in a randomly chosen village, which lies between the two urban areas of Dhaka and Narayanganj in Narayanganj district of Bangladesh. Kasipur, the village where the survey was carried out had one Kaviraj who administered to the population’s need in various diseases. It was observed that the Kaviraj used 64 medicinal plants in his formulations. The plants were distributed into 41 families. The Asteraceae family contributed to the highest number of plants (6) followed by the Fabaceae family with 5 plants. The Apocynaceae, Lamiaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae and Zingiberaceae families contributed 3 plants per family. Leaves constituted the major plant part used, forming 47.1% of total uses. Leaves were followed by roots at 16.3% and fruits at 13.5%. Gastrointestinal disorders and skin diseases were the main ailments treated. Other than diabetes, the Kaviraj did not treat any complicated diseases. This was probably because since the village surveyed was between two urban areas, the village population had quite easy access to allopathic doctors and modern clinics in the urban areas. Despite the easy access to modern doctors, the village people relied on the Kaviraj for treatment of common ailments, suggesting that folk medicinal practitioners can still play a considerable role in the day to day care of health and treatment of common diseases, thus saving a patient from incurring substantial costs related to modern allopathic doctors and clinics. Full Text Link: http://www.aensiweb.net/AENSIWEB/aejsa/aejsa/2011/405-414.pdf
Navigation System for Blind People Using Machine Learning
(Daffodil International University, 2021-06-02) Rahman, Md. Atiqur; Siddika, Sadia; Al-Baky, Md. Abdullah
Proper navigation and detailed perception in familiar or unfamiliar environments are the main roles for human life. Eyesight sense helps humans to abstain from all kinds of dangers and navigate to indoor and outdoor environments. These are challenging activities for blind people in all environments. Usually, they are navigated to their natural sense but sometimes this is not adequate because human senses can be affected by external noise. Many assistive tools have been developed by the blessing of technology like white canes, braille compasses that help blind people to move around the world. In this project, we have developed a cloud and vision-based navigation system for visually impaired people or the blind. Our aim is not only to navigate them but also to perceive the environment in as much detail as a normal person. The proposed system includes ultrasonic sensors detecting obstacles, stereo camera to capture videos to perceive the environment using deep learning algorithms. The proposed system also includes a face recognition system that identifies known faces in front of him. Blind people interact with the whole system through a speech recognition module and all the information is stored in the cloud. Web application and Android application are used to track blinds, visited areas, etc. For that, the guardian is able to monitor them all the time. Blind is also contact their guide in an emergency situation. The experimental results show the proposed system can provide more abundant surrounding information and interaction with the newly proposed system.
NON-VIOLENT MILITARY ETHICS OF MUHAMMAD (S.) : A CRITICAL STUDY
(©University of Dhaka, 2025-02-05) Rahman, Md. Atiqur
Muhammad (S.) is the last Prophet of Almighty Allah in the chain of Prophethood. There will be no prophet after him. He is the seal of Prophethood as the holy Qur’an declared in the Verse: “Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Messenger of Allah, and the Seal of the Prophets: and Allah has full knowledge of all things.” (Al-Quran, 33:40) Adam (A.S.) was the first Prophet in the series. Almighty Allah took Covenant from all Prophets that they all would believe and render help to a Messenger who would come after them. It was said about Muhammad (S.): “Behold! Allah took the Covenant of the Prophets, saying: ‘I give you a Book and Wisdom; then comes to a Messenger, confirming what is with you; do ye believe in him and render him help.’ Allah said: ‘Do you agree, and take this my Covenant as binding on you?’ They said: ‘We agree.’ He said: ‘Then bear witness and I am with you among the witness.’” (Al-Quran, 3:81) Similar Verses are in: 33:7-8. Thus, Muhammad’s (S.) Prophethood was known by all previous honourable Prophets (A.S.) and with the Allah’s Covenant they all were sworn in ‘confirming’ their ‘help’ in Messengership of Muhammad (S.). So Muhammad (S.) is the Messenger of all Messengers whose position, rank, state of quality and respect is easily conceivable by all. All Prophets were sent by Allah with the Truth to preach and their religion was also same. All were called Muslims and their followers were also called Muslims. Allah says in the Quran: “The same religion has He established for you as that which He enjoined on Noah – the which We have sent by inspiration to thee – and that which We enjoined on Abraham, Moses, and Jesus: Namely, that ye should remain steadfast in religion, and make no divisions therein: to those who iv worship other things than Allah, hard is the (way) to which thou callest them. Allah chooses to Himself those whom He pleases, and guides to Himself those who turn (to Him). (Al-Quran, 42:13) No Muslim differentiates the Prophets and can never afford to divide among them. Allah also guides: “Say: ‘We believe in Allah, and in what has been revealed to us and what was revealed to Abraham, Ismail, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes, and in (the Books) given to Moses, Jesus, and the prophets, from their Lord: we make no distinction between one and another among them, and to Allah do we bow our will (in Islam).’” (Al-Quran, 3:84) All Prophets’ first priority was Islamic Monotheism i.e. The Oneness of Allah (‘Tawhid’). Allah, thus, warns: “One day shall We gather them all together: We shall say to those who ascribed partners (to Us): ‘Where are the partners whom ye (invented and) talked about!’ There will then be (left) no subterfuge for them but to say: ‘By Allah our Lord, we were not those who joined gods with Allah.’” (Al-Quran, 6:22-23) and also says: “No partner hath He: This am I commanded, and I am the first of those who bow to His Will.” (Al-Quran, 6:163) Similar and more precisely says about same in the Verses: 2:163; 2:255; 3:18; 3:2 etc. To Almighty Allah true religion is only One i.e. Islam: “The Religion before Allah is Islam (Submission to His Will): Nor did the People of the Book dissent therefrom except through envy of each other, after knowledge had come to them. But if any deny the Signs of Allah, Allah is swift in calling to account.” (Al-Quran, 3:19) But all prophets were mocked (Al-Quran, 6:10; 13:32; 15:11; 21:41), they had enemies (Al-Quran, 6:112; 25:31), persecuted and threatened (Al-Quran, 14:13) and even slain (Al-Quran, 3:138). The Quran is the proof: “Say: ‘There came to you messengers before me, with clear Signs and even with what ye ask for: why then did ye slay them, if ye speak the truth?’” (Al-Quran, 3:183) No Prophet said anything else other than what Allah directed, preached the Truth and warned the people for their own benefit. The prophets neither gained anything worldly benefit nor v did they possess any envy for people’s worldly benefits. They only performed their duties set by Allah to guide people to live in peace and to save them from eternal Hellfire. In return the people rebuked all prophets with ascribing falsehood on them, created unrest and made disunity that led to the conflict. Even after these those people have created unrest and conflicted more once they were advised not to propagate the falsehood. On the contrary, being in wrong side they used to accuse the prophets and their followers by saying: “When it is said to them: ‘Make not mischief on earth,’ they say: ‘Why, we only want to make peace!’ Of a surety, they are the ones who make mischief, but they realise (it) not.” (Al-Quran, 2:11-12) In the similar way, Muhammad (S.), physically, mentally and psychologically, was mocked, persecuted, assembled at night around his house to kill and finally ousted from his own city. Not only that, they, after migration, did not set him free but continued and pursued him to kill and to vanish the Truth that he had been preaching. But none can extinguish Allah’s Light by their power. Allah says: “Fain would they extinguish Allah’s light with their mouths, but Allah will not allow but that His light should be perfected, even though the Unbelievers may detest (it).” (Al-Quran, 9:32) Under such circumstances, Allah permitted Muhammad (S.) to stand for self-defence to protect him, his followers and to save the Truth i.e. the One Religion Islam from disappearing from the earth. “To those against whom war is made, permission is given (to fight), because they are wronged; – and verily, Allah is most powerful for their aid; – (they are) those who have been expelled from their homes in defiance of right, – (for no cause) except that they say, ‘our Lord is Allah’. Did not Allah check one set of people by means of another, there would surely have been pulled down monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques, in which the name of Allah is commemorated in abundant measures. Allah will certainly aid those who aid his (cause); – for vi verily Allah is full of Strength, Exalted in Might, (able to enforce His Will).” (Al-Quran, 22:39-40) Muhammad (S.) had to fight back the war that was imposed by the Pagans led by the Quraish. He had to conduct a warfare for long 10 years in his Madinite period that was based on fully self-defence and he followed a set of ethical code that was revealed from Allah. Allah revealed: “Fight in the cause of Allah those who fight you, but do not transgress limits; for Allah loveth not transgressors. And slay them wherever ye catch them, and turn them out from where they have turned you out; for tumult and oppression are worse than slaughter; but fight them not at the Sacred Mosque, unless they (first) fight you there; but if they fight you, slay them. Such is the reward of those who suppress faith. And if they cease, Allah is Oft-forgiving, most Merciful. And fight them on until there is no more Tumult or oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in Allah; but if they cease, let there be no hostility except to those who practice oppression. The prohibited month for the prohibited month, – and so far all things prohibited, – there is the law of equality. If then any one transgresses the prohibition against you, transgress ye likewise against him. But fear Allah, and know that Allah is with those who restrain themselves.” (Al-Quran, 2:190-194) The Quran is the ethical Book that was followed by Muhammad (S.) in his whole life for everything and the warfare was not also excluded that. His life was based on only the Quran and he did not talk of his own rather said in accordance of the divine instructions. Allah certifies: “Your Companion is neither astray nor being misled. Nor does he say (aught) of (his own) Desire. It is no less than inspiration sent down to him.” (Al-Quran, 53:2-4) His character was an exalted standard of character: “Thou are not, by the Grace of thy Lord, mad or possessed. Nay, verily for thee is a Reward unfailing: And thou (standest) on an exalted standard of character.” (Al-Quran, vii 68:2-4) As such a life that was led and passed fully on enlightened Book i.e. the Qur’an could never be capricious, arbitrary, despotic, unreliable and unethical. He stayed with his society in Makkah for long 40 years without any dispute rather he was nicknamed ‘Al-Amin’ (Truthful) and ‘As-Sadiq’ (Trustworthy) and never was confronted for any reason whatsoever. But the moment he was commissioned as Prophethood then the rivalry against him erupted and his own tribe treated him enemy. The enmity reached its peak once Muhammad (S.) advised them to leave all kind of polytheism and invited to only ‘One True God’ through One True Universal Religion i.e. Islam. It was not for his own benefit but for the benefit of the people. But the Pagans considered him their arch-rival, started pursuing, conspiring and attempted to kill him. Muhammad (S.) replied their enmity through his patience, piety, and highest standard of conduct and behaviour. None of his enemy could claim that he lied, and attacked someone first. He received his prizes of honesty and good conduct duly after 23 years of his Prophethood. He was re-established with more respect and highest stature of honour by Almighty Allah in his own city at Makkah where he was ousted from. He conquered Makkah on 630 C.E. against his mighty enemy after a long 10 years of warfare but without bloodshed. Not only that, he and his followers who suffered whatnot did not take any kind of revenge after they conquered it. Muhammad (S.) pardoned every ring leaders of Makkah and all his enemies. None was made captives and no property of enemy was grabbed at the wake of a huge victory by the Muslims. Thus, the hypothesis titled as “Non-violent Military Ethics of Muhammad (S.) : A Critical Study” was found truly non-violent in reality during the research by this researcher. Muhammad (S.) came with the ‘Truth’ as all previous Prophets (A.S.) had come. The ‘Truth’ can never be violent and nothing else other than the ‘Truth’ could be more ethical. By viii opposing the ‘Truth’ none could exist in the earth forever or even for a long time. Likewise, Muhammad (S.) became victorious with the ‘Truth’ by Almighty Allah’s Help. Allah says: “And say: ‘Truth has (now) arrived, and Falsehood perished: for Falsehood is (by its nature) bound to perish’.” (Al-Qur’an, 17:81)
Peripheral Blood Smear Image-Based Blood Cancer Detection Using Transfer Learning
(Springer Nature, 2024-03-30) Shaha, Sonjoy Prosad; Datta, Sajeeb; Mahmud, Md. Nadim; Ahmad, Md. Hassan; Johora, Fatema Tuj; Rahman, Md. Atiqur
The lymphatic, bone marrow, and blood systems are all affected by hematological malignancy, also known as blood cancer. Early detection is essential for improved blood medical care and better patient outcomes. In the recent past, deep learning algorithms have developed as useful tools for the analysis and diagnosis of medical images. Deep learning algorithms are used in this study to introduce a cutting-edge technique for identifying blood cancer. Our method involves training a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a large dataset of blood cell data to identify the presence of cancerous cells. We compare our CNN-based approach’s effectiveness with some other CNN-based approaches and demonstrate that it is more effective at detecting blood cancer. We used a variety of preprocessing techniques to provide highly trainable data for our algorithms in order to do this. Five CNN-based algorithms—VGG-19, VGG-16, MobileNet, InceptionV3, and ResNet50—as well as healthy and fragmented data are used in this study. With an accuracy of 95%, ResNet50 achieved the highest accuracy. Our study’s results suggest that deep learning algorithms could be helpful in detecting blood cancer early, leading to a more precise diagnosis and course of treatment for this fatal condition.
Peripheral Blood Smear Image-Based Blood Cancer Detection Using Transfer Learning
(2024-03-30) Shaha, Sonjoy Prosad; Datta, Sajeeb; Mahmud, Md. Nadim; Ahmad, Md. Hassan; Tuj Johora, Fatema; Rahman, Md. Atiqur
The lymphatic, bone marrow, and blood systems are all affected by hematological malignancy, also known as blood cancer. Early detection is essential for improved blood medical care and better patient outcomes. In the recent past, deep learning algorithms have developed as useful tools for the analysis and diagnosis of medical images. Deep learning algorithms are used in this study to introduce a cutting-edge technique for identifying blood cancer. Our method involves training a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a large dataset of blood cell data to identify the presence of cancerous cells. We compare our CNN-based approach’s effectiveness with some other CNN-based approaches and demonstrate that it is more effective at detecting blood cancer. We used a variety of preprocessing techniques to provide highly trainable data for our algorithms in order to do this. Five CNN-based algorithms—VGG-19, VGG-16, MobileNet, InceptionV3, and ResNet50—as well as healthy and fragmented data are used in this study. With an accuracy of 95%, ResNet50 achieved the highest accuracy. Our study’s results suggest that deep learning algorithms could be helpful in detecting blood cancer early, leading to a more precise diagnosis and course of treatment for this fatal condition.
Quality Control Assurance & Production of Dairy Products At Dhaka Dairy Plant (Milk-vita)
(Daffodil International University, 2019-12-18) Rahman, Md. Atiqur
Milk is the perfect nourishment for a wide range of well-evolved creatures. Milk originates from the mammary organs of warm-blooded creatures. Normally crude milk of dairy animals and goat in the neighborhood advertise, however, prepared milk are found in the showcase as bundled milk. These days various milk maker organizations are accessible in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Milk Producers Co-employable Union Limited (BMPCUL) or Milk-vita is one of them. Their motivation is to serve great items to clients. [2] Milk-vita gathers milk from neighborhood town or market by co-employable association. Before the gathering, they test the nature of milk by their specialists. At that point they transport gathered milk to their everything milk prepared plant however before sending them, they cooled their gathered milk for guaranteeing the nature of milk. Bangladesh Milk Producers Co-employable Union Limited (BMPCUL) or milk vita serve unadulterated items. Their motivation is buyer fulfillment.