Browsing by Author "Rahman, Atiya"

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A good mix against ultra-poverty? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) in Bangladesh
(Wiley Online Library, 2021-07-13) Rahman, Atiya; Bhattacharjee, Anindita; Das, Narayan
Published in the Review of Developmental Economics, the existing evidence from the article shows that programs that provide grants to productive assets along with training to very poor women increase labor supply, earnings, and consumption. In contrast, evidence on the effect of microcredit on these outcomes is mixed. In this paper, we examine the effect of a hybrid of the two approaches—credit and grant—on the livelihoods of the ultra-poor in Bangladesh. A randomized evaluation of the hybrid intervention shows that it increases labor supply of working-age women, household income, productive assets, savings, and consumption expenditures. The benefit-cost ratio of the intervention is estimated to be 8.47.
A good mix against ultra-poverty? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) in Bangladesh
(Wiley, 2021-07-13) Rahman, Atiya; Bhattacharjee, Anindita; Das, Narayan
Existing evidence shows that programs that provide grants to productive assets along with training to very poor women increase labor supply, earnings, and consumption. In contrast, evidence on the effect of microcredit on these outcomes is mixed. In this paper, we examine the effect of a hybrid of the two approaches—credit and grant—on the livelihoods of the ultra-poor in Bangladesh. A randomized evaluation of the hybrid intervention shows that it increases labor supply of working-age women, household income, productive assets, savings, and consumption expenditures. The benefit–cost ratio of the intervention is estimated to be 8.47.
A re-examination of the relationship between plot size and productivity: the case of Bangladesh
(The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2025-01) Das, Narayan; Nisat, Rafia; Rahman, Atiya
Recent evidence shows that the inverse relationship between plot size and productivity is driven by an edge effect or by the over-reporting of production by farmers on smaller plots. This paper re-examines the relationship between plot size and productivity in the context of Bangladesh. The research further examines whether the effect of plot size is different across rice and non-rice crops.
An invisible workforce: The neglected role of cleaners in patient safety on maternity units
(Taylor & Francis Online, 1/15/2019) Cross, Suzanne; Gon, Giorgia; Morrison, Emma; Afsana, Koasar; Ali, Said M.; Manjang, Tina; Manneh, Lamin; Rahman, Atiya; Saxena, Deepak; Vorah, Kranti; Graham., Wendy J.
Hospital cleaning has been shown to impact on rates of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) and good environmental hygiene is critical to quality care, yet those tasked with the role of ensuring a safe and clean environment often go unrecognised as members of the healthcare workforce. Sepsis is a leading cause of maternal and newborn death, a significant proportion of these cases are estimated to be due to HCAIs. Deliveries in health institutions have now reached 75% globally, and in low and middle income countries the corresponding increased pressure on facilities has impacted both quality of care provided and quality of the birth environment in terms of infection prevention and control (IPC) and HCAIs. The paper discusses the neglected role of health facility cleaners, providing evidence from the literature and from needs assessments conducted by The Soapbox Collaborative and partners in Bangladesh, India, The Gambia and Zanzibar. While not the primary focus of the assessments, common themes emerged consistently pointing to institutional neglect of cleaning and cleaners. The paper argues that low status within facilities, wider societal marginalisation, lack of training, and poor pay and working conditions contribute to the lack of prioritisation placed on health facility environmental hygiene. With increased international attention focused towards health facility water, sanitation and hygiene and a growing focus on IPC, now is the time to address the neglect of this frontline healthcare workforce. We propose that provision of and improved training can enable the recognition of the valuable role cleaning staff play, as well as equipping these staff with the tools required to perform their job to the highest standard. In addition to training, wider systems changes are necessary to establish improvements in environmental hygiene and the role of cleaning staff, including addressing resource availability, supportive supervision, and an increased emphasis on preventative healthcare.
Analyzing B2B digital communication: an Example from Robi
(BRAC University, 2021-06) Rahman, Atiya; Saajid, Syed Ibrahim
Bangladesh and Covid-19: Reversals and resilience
(Institute of Development Studies, 2022-07-27) Rahman, Atiya; Jahan, Nusrat; Matin, Imran; Rahman, Hossain Zillur
This article examines two primary data sets to identify the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on different sectors and vulnerable populations in Bangladesh. It attempts to identify how the trends in sectors such as agriculture, ready-made garments (RMGs), education, employment among youth, and women’s participation have changed due to the pandemic compared to pre-Covid-19 levels. The results show that the agriculture and RMG sectors demonstrated resilience due to sustained government policies. In contrast, the other sectors, such as education, youth employment, and women’s participation in the labour market, have been negatively affected, leaving a long-term consequence for the country’s development. The article concludes with suggestions for inclusive and targeted policies, and community-based approaches to pre-empt new challenges to make development progress in Bangladesh.
Dipta Garments Limited. (DIRD Group) HRM & Compliance, Production, IE, Merchandising and Commercial
(BRAC University, 2021-05) Hossain, Md. Shorif; Rahman, Atiya; Mozumder, Mohammad Kamal Hossain
My internship program is from 6 th February, 2021 to 6 th May, 2021 and covered 576 hours. In this time I have gathered practical idea about different department & factory of Dipta Garments Ltd. It is one of the largest Knit Garments & Textile industries in Bangladesh. They are committed to provide their best support to all of their Buyers with better Quality. They have a smart quality team to provide quality product to their customers and has a large capacity of production. They also ensure the quality, health, safety, social responsibility and productive environment. I am presenting my report based on my observation and practical experience gathered from DIPTA Garments Ltd. This organization has many divisions but I have completed my internship program in five departments. Firstly throughout the whole report I have tried to expose different department of this organization but I have focused on merchandising. Merchandising is concerned with the production, improvement and installation of integrated system of men, material and machine. It is the most important department because all order is executed and followed up by merchandising department. Sampling sections is another of the most important sections to increase the order quantity of the industry. It also helps to minimize the cost and increase the profitability. Innovative idea and modern technologies can improve the productivity. Beside this we need well trained manpower to execute the operation and operate the machine. That’s why training section must be needed. After that at the ending of my report I have left some opinion and suggestions to improve the productivity and meet the mission and vision.
Exploring knowledge and attitudes about menstruation and menstrual hygiene management among adolescent boys aged 15-19 years in urban slum, Dhaka, Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2025) Monima, Mosharrat; Afsana, Kaosar; Rahman, Atiya
Introduction: In male-dominated societies, menstruation is often considered a taboo topic for men, perpetuating gender inequality in menstrual hygiene management. Limited attention has been given to boys' knowledge and attitudes of menstruation, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where cultural norms and socio-economic barriers exacerbate stigma and misinformation. In Bangladesh, menstruation is viewed as a feminine concern, excluding boys from education on the subject and hindering support for menstruating peers, particularly in urban slums. This gap fosters shame and creates barriers to educational and gender equity for girls. Evidence suggests that engaging boys in menstrual health education can reduce stigma and promote supportive practices, yet research on boys' attitudes remains limited, highlighting the need for qualitative, in-depth studies in contexts like Dhaka's urban slums. The purpose of this study was to appreciate how boys view and understand menstruation and menstrual hygiene management (MHM) practices and the role that they can play to make women who are menstruating more comfortable. Method: A qualitative, exploratory design was used and data was collected via in-depth interviews, photo elicitation and case vignettes with 12 adolescent boys aged 15–19 who lived in Kallyanpur slum. Respondents were sampled purposively that allowed the researcher to identify participants who were most likely to yield relevant information about the study topic, focusing on the unique social and cultural perspectives within this community. Data analysis made use of thematic approaches in attention to the recurrent themes and the gaps in the knowledge. Findings: The results indicate that boys have a relatively poor understanding of menstruation, coupled with widespread misconceptions. While two thirds of the participants were aware of menstruation, this was often due to unverified information from friends and social media rather than formal education. It was evident that stigma and cultural beliefs were strong as the majority of the boys shied away from talking about menstruation. However, there were exceptions who were ready to participate and give support, provided that appropriate knowledge was available. Education and age were important, as older (17-19 years) and more educated (SSC and above) boys seemed to have a better understanding and a greater willingness. Constraints such as lack of adequate health education, discomfort and the social context hampered their engagement in (MHM) talks and practices. Conclusion: With targeted education and community-based initiatives the study concludes that engaging adolescent boys can help to normalize menstruation, reduce the stigma and promote gender equity. By high school, around half of boys believe they understand menstruation well, a level of awareness that is essential if they are to be supportive and sensitive to their menstruating counterparts, but it isn't without problems; menstruation stigma is pervasive and leaves marks on society that all men should take accountability for. Schools and community programs can further close the information gap by developing and implementing curricula around menstrual health that includes boys and addresses the stigma, moving toward a more equitable and supportive environment for all.
Exploring men’s knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards menstruation: a qualitative study in Kallyanpur slum of Dhaka
(BRAC University, 2025) Hassan, Fariha; Afsana, Kaosar; Rahman, Atiya
Introduction: Menstruation and menstrual hygiene management (MHM) remains an underexplored topic in patriarchal societies like Bangladesh, where cultural stigma and misconceptions hinder open discussions about menstruation. This study explores men’s knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward menstruation in Kallyanpur slum of Dhaka, aiming to fill the research gap and encourage greater male participation in MHM practices. Methodology: Using a qualitative approach, 13 in-depth interviews were conducted with men aged 23-47 years in Kallyanpur slum. Participants were purposively sampled, and semi-structured interview guidelines and case vignettes facilitated discussions. Data were transcribed and analysed using framework analysis to identify patterns and themes related to men’s knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes towards menstruation. Findings: While participants demonstrated basic awareness of menstruation, significant knowledge gaps and misconceptions exist, often shaped by limited exposure and societal taboos. The primary source of information for men was their wives, with schools and formal education playing no role in educating men. Men expressed stigma toward menstruation, labelling it as impure, and exhibited hesitation in discussing it with others outside their marital relationships. Despite these barriers, there was a strong willingness to support women during menstruation by helping with household chores and purchasing menstrual products. Participants emphasized the need for NGO-led awareness campaigns to normalize conversations about menstruation and debunk myths. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for comprehensive educational interventions to address men’s knowledge gaps and foster positive attitudes toward menstruation. Men’s involvement in MHM is critical for reducing stigma and improving menstrual hygiene practices. Recommendations include incorporating MHM into school curricula and using NGOs to conduct targeted awareness programs for men in urban slums.
From knowing our needs to enacting change: findings from community consultations with indigenous communities in Bangladesh
(© 2015 BioMed Central Ltd., 2015) Hussain, Sameera; Lorena Ruano, Ana; Rahman, Atiya; Faiz Rashid, Sabina; S. Hill, Peter
Introduction: Indigenous peoples are among the most marginalized peoples in the world due to issues relating to well-being, political representation, and economic production. The research consortium Goals and Governance for Global Health (Go4Health) conducted a community consultation process among marginalized groups across the global South aimed at including their voices in the global discourse around health in the post-2015 development agenda. This paper presents findings from the consultations carried out among indigenous communities in Bangladesh. Methods: For this qualitative study, our research team consulted the Tripura and Mro communities in Bandarban district living in the isolated Chittagong Hill Tracts region. Community members, leaders, and key informants working in health service delivery were interviewed. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: Our findings show that remoteness shapes the daily lives of the communities, and their lack of access to natural resources and basic services prevents them from following health promotion messages. The communities feel that their needs are impossible to secure in a politically indifferent and sometimes hostile environment. Conclusion: Communities are keen to participate and work with duty bearers in creating the conditions that will lead to their improved quality of life. Clear policies that recognize the status of indigenous peoples are necessary in the Bangladeshi context to allow for the development of services and infrastructure.
From knowing our needs to enacting change: findings from community consultations with indigenous communities in Bangladesh
(© 2015 BioMed Central Ltd., 2015) Hussain, Sameera; Lorena Ruano, Ana; Rahman, Atiya; Faiz Rashid, Sabina; S. Hill, Peter
Introduction: Indigenous peoples are among the most marginalized peoples in the world due to issues relating to well-being, political representation, and economic production. The research consortium Goals and Governance for Global Health (Go4Health) conducted a community consultation process among marginalized groups across the global South aimed at including their voices in the global discourse around health in the post-2015 development agenda. This paper presents findings from the consultations carried out among indigenous communities in Bangladesh. Methods: For this qualitative study, our research team consulted the Tripura and Mro communities in Bandarban district living in the isolated Chittagong Hill Tracts region. Community members, leaders, and key informants working in health service delivery were interviewed. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: Our findings show that remoteness shapes the daily lives of the communities, and their lack of access to natural resources and basic services prevents them from following health promotion messages. The communities feel that their needs are impossible to secure in a politically indifferent and sometimes hostile environment. Conclusion: Communities are keen to participate and work with duty bearers in creating the conditions that will lead to their improved quality of life. Clear policies that recognize the status of indigenous peoples are necessary in the Bangladeshi context to allow for the development of services and infrastructure.
From knowing our needs to enacting change: findings from community consultations with indigenous communities in Bangladesh
(International Journal for Equity in Health, 2015-06) Hussain, Sameera; Ruano, Ana Lorena; Rahman, Atiya; Rashid, Sabina Faiz; Hill, Peter S.
Introduction: Indigenous peoples are among the most marginalized peoples in the world due to issues relating to well-being, political representation, and economic production. The research consortium Goals and Governance for Global Health (Go4Health) conducted a community consultation process among marginalized groups across the global South aimed at including their voices in the global discourse around health in the post-2015 development agenda. This paper presents findings from the consultations carried out among indigenous communities in Bangladesh. Methods: For this qualitative study, our research team consulted the Tripura and Mro communities in Bandarban district living in the isolated Chittagong Hill Tracts region. Community members, leaders, and key informants working in health service delivery were interviewed. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: Our findings show that remoteness shapes the daily lives of the communities, and their lack of access to natural resources and basic services prevents them from following health promotion messages. The communities feel that their needs are impossible to secure in a politically indifferent and sometimes hostile environment. Conclusion: Communities are keen to participate and work with duty bearers in creating the conditions that will lead to their improved quality of life. Clear policies that recognize the status of indigenous peoples are necessary in the Bangladeshi context to allow for the development of services and infrastructure.
From knowing our needs to enacting change: findings from community consultations with indigenous communities in Bangladesh
(© 2015 BioMed Central Ltd., 2015) Hussain, Sameera; Lorena Ruano, Ana; Rahman, Atiya; Faiz Rashid, Sabina; S. Hill, Peter
Introduction: Indigenous peoples are among the most marginalized peoples in the world due to issues relating to well-being, political representation, and economic production. The research consortium Goals and Governance for Global Health (Go4Health) conducted a community consultation process among marginalized groups across the global South aimed at including their voices in the global discourse around health in the post-2015 development agenda. This paper presents findings from the consultations carried out among indigenous communities in Bangladesh. Methods: For this qualitative study, our research team consulted the Tripura and Mro communities in Bandarban district living in the isolated Chittagong Hill Tracts region. Community members, leaders, and key informants working in health service delivery were interviewed. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings: Our findings show that remoteness shapes the daily lives of the communities, and their lack of access to natural resources and basic services prevents them from following health promotion messages. The communities feel that their needs are impossible to secure in a politically indifferent and sometimes hostile environment. Conclusion: Communities are keen to participate and work with duty bearers in creating the conditions that will lead to their improved quality of life. Clear policies that recognize the status of indigenous peoples are necessary in the Bangladeshi context to allow for the development of services and infrastructure.
Graduation approach to poverty reduction in the humanitarian context: Evidence from Bangladesh
(Wiley, 2023-01-18) Rahman, Atiya; Bhattacharjee, Anindita; Nisat, Rafia; Das, Narayan
Increasing forcibly displaced populations worldwide are adversely affecting the poorest host communities' livelihoods. Livelihood programmes can reduce this tension by addressing host communities' skills and capital constraints. In this paper, we examine the effect of a customised version of BRAC's Ultra-Poor Graduation (UPG) programme on the livelihoods of the host communities of Rohingya refugees. We find that the programme increases labour supply in self-employment of working-age men and women, household income, food expenditure and productive asset. Further, we find some weak evidence that the programme decreases the tension between hosts and Rohingya refugees.
Healthcare worker perceived barriers and facilitators to implementing a tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) program in Dhaka BRAC TB centers
(BRAC University, 2025) Niki, Atqiya Faizah; Rahman, Ataur; Rahman, Atiya; Ireen, Santhia; Islam, Shayla
Introduction: Tuberculosis preventive Treatment (TPT) is a crucial step that will prevent the further development of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) into active tuberculosis. Yet, it faces numerous constraints when implemented in resource-limited urban environments, e.g., Dhaka, Bangladesh. This research analyzes the barriers and facilitators of TPT uptake at BRAC urban TB centers and provides direction for enhancing program delivery. Methods: Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, qualitative and quantitative data were collected. In the above procedures, interviews with 17 healthcare providers were also conducted, and 41 Field Organizers (FOs) were polled through a survey. The qualitative data were coded thematically, and quantitative data were summarized using descriptive statistics. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was applied to describe the study's outcome. Results: Barriers included resource constraints, such as drug shortages, funding gaps, and insufficient human resources. Logistical difficulties, stigmatization, lack of patient information, and inefficiencies in data capture also hampered the provision of TPT. Patient adherence was influenced by beliefs, pill size, side effects, and competing demands, including daily earnings. Factors included a willingness to use BRAC health care providers, adaptable TPT guidelines (e.g., 3HP regimen), suitable staffing, and working in partnership with the National Tuberculosis Program (NTP). Community support and engagement also emerged as critical enablers. Conclusion: Results underscore the need to take action on funding, staffing, and supply chains to enhance TPT delivery. Improvements to community education, private-sector collaboration, and streamlined documentation and monitoring practices can improve adherence and coverage. These recommendations offer a pathway to enhance TPT programs in settings with limited resources and help set targets to achieve the ambitious goal of TB elimination globally.
How sustainable are the impacts of vocational training?
(BRAC Research and Evaluation Division (RED), 2018-06) Rahman, Atiya; Anindita, Bhattacharjee; Rahman, Rehnuma; Samadder, Zion Rabbi
In Bangladesh, school dropout rate at both the primary and secondary levels are quite high. Majority of these school dropout children end up being unemployed or in low quality jobs. Hence, training programmes can be a potential solution to address the rising unemployment among the school dropout youths. In this context, BRAC piloted a programme titled ‘Skills Training for Advancing Resources (STAR)’ in the five divisions of Dhaka, Chattogram, Sylhet, Rajshahi and Khulna in 2012, in partnership with the Bureau of Non-formal Education (BNFE). During this pilot phase, the programme provided livelihood skills training to a pool of 1000 urban adolescents aged 14-18 years, who completed five years of schooling under the Basic Education for Hard to Reach Urban Working Children (BEHTRUWC) project of the Bureau of Non-Formal Education (BNFE). This study uses three rounds of quantitative data (collected in 2012, 2013 and 2015) to estimate the short and long-run impacts of the pilot phase of the STAR programme by employing different techniques such as Difference-in-Difference (DiD) with fixed effect, Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and DiD using PSM and also includes qualitative methods to supplement the quantitative findings. Specifically, this study estimates the impacts on employment, income, savings, early marriage, etc. of adolescents, and on household welfare. Findings show that the positive impacts on the adolescents’ labour market participation and monthly income are sustainable and higher in the long-run. In particular, the participants significantly shifted to the skilled labour market in the long-run. The impact on employment has been found to be higher for female participants. The programme also significantly reduces early marriage (for females). Additionally, positive impacts are found on empowerment, self-confidence and workplace environment. The study recommends- keeping the profile of trades consistent with market demands and the participants’ age as well as their individual interests, and ensuring post training follow up by programme staff, among others, to make this programme even more effective.
How sustainable are the impacts of vocational training?: Evidence from BRAC’s intervention
(BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, 2018-06) Rahman, Atiya; Bhattacharjee, Anindita; Rahman, Rehnuma; Samadder, Zion Rabbi
In Bangladesh, the school dropout rates at both the primary and secondary level are quite high. Majority of the school dropout children end up unemployed or in low-quality jobs. Hence, training programs can be a potential solution to address the rising unemployment among school dropout youths. In this context, BRAC piloted a program titled Skills Training for Advancing Resources (STAR) in the five divisions of Dhaka, Chattogram, Sylhet, Rajshahi, and Khulna in 2012, in partnership with the Bureau of Non-formal Education (BNFE). During this pilot phase, the program provided livelihood skills training to a pool of 1000 urban adolescents aged 14-18 years, who completed five years of schooling under the Basic Education for Hard to Reach Urban Working Children (BEHTRUWC) project of the Bureau of Non-Formal Education (BNFE). This study uses three rounds of quantitative data (collected in 2012, 2013 and 2015) to estimate the short and long-run impacts of the pilot phase of the STAR program by employing different techniques such as Difference-in-Difference (DiD) with fixed effect, Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and DiD using PSM and also includes qualitative methods to supplement the quantitative findings. Specifically, this study estimates the impacts on employment, income, savings, early marriage, etc. of adolescents, and on household welfare. Findings show that the positive impacts on the adolescents’ labour market participation and monthly income are sustainable and higher in the long-run. In particular, the participants significantly shifted to the skilled labour market in the long-run. The impact on employment has been found to be higher for female participants. The program also significantly reduces early marriage (for females). Additionally, positive impacts are found in empowerment, self-confidence and the workplace environment. The study recommends keeping the profile of trades consistent with market demands as well as participants’ age and their individual interests and ensuring post-training follow up by program staff, among others, to make this program even more effective.
Knowledge and practice regarding menstrual hygiene management among the Rohingya refugee adolescent girls in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh: A mixed method study
(Emerald Publishing, 5/15/2021) Rakhshanda, Shagoofa; Ahmed, Sahlil; Saidu, Samuel; Nderitu, Christine; Thapa, Basanta; Awal, Abdul; Farnaz, Nadia; Rahman, Atiya; Aktar, Bachera; Faruque, A.S.G.
Purpose About half of the 16% adolescents in the world experience menstruation. Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is a health concern and challenge especially in humanitarian situations as experienced by Myanmar Rohingya refugees living in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. This study aims to assess knowledge, practice and influencing factors for MHM among Rohingya refugee adolescent girls of 14–18 years. Design/methodology/approach The study used both quantitative (a cross-sectional survey with 340 adolescent girls through a structured questionnaire) and qualitative (7 in-depth interviews with adolescent girls and 2 focus group discussions with the mothers) approaches. Quantitative data, analyzed using STATA version 13.0, were supported by qualitative data, grouped into themes and presented as matrix. Findings Around 51% adolescent girls learned about menstruation after menarche, at the mean age of 12 years, from their mothers and older sisters. About 75% used sanitary pads as absorbents which they got mostly as relief material or bought from local stores (83%); the rest used cloths and other materials (25%). About 57% of the respondents disposed of their absorbent by burying. Those who used reusable absorbents washed them with soap and water (40%) and mostly dried them indoors (17%). Factors influencing healthy MHM practice included the use of absorbent, privacy, disposal, washing and drying of clothes, physical activities, hygiene and pain management. Adolescents with secondary or higher education were four times more likely to have better MHM practice (odds ratio = 4.27; confidence interval = 1.19–15.31) than those with no formal schooling.
Labour market outcomes and child marriage: Evidence from BRAC's skills training programme
(Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, 2023-05) Rahman, Atiya; Bhattacharjee, Anindita; Rahman, Rehnuma
Inadequate employment opportunities and child marriage are major challenges for female adolescents in many developing countries. Using panel data on a group of 14-18-year-old Bangladeshi adolescents receiving vocational skills training from BRAC and a group of non-participants, this paper analyses the impact of skills training on labour supply, earnings, and child marriage. The intervention is found to significantly increase adolescents' labour market participation and income, with the impacts being higher for girls. It also significantly reduces the possibility of female adolescents being married off before the minimum legal age, indicating that labour market participation is likely to reduce child marriage among them.
Learning in lockdown
(Dhaka Tribune, 2021-08-25) Khaled, Nazrana; Rahman, Atiya