Browsing by Author "Rahman, Aminur"

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A qualitative study to explore the attitudes of women and obstetricians towards caesarean delivery in rural Bangladesh
(BMC, 9/12/2018) Begum, Tahmina; Ellis, Cathryn; Sarker, Malabika; Rostoker, Jean-Francois; Rahman, Aminur; Anwar, Iqbal; Reichenbach, Laura
Background: Caesarean section is a lifesaving surgical intervention for women and their newborns, though overutilization is a public health concern. The caesarean rate in Bangladesh is approximately 23% overall, and in private facilities it is over 70%. It is essential to know both the supply side (obstetricians) and demand side (parturient women) views on caesarean birth in order to formulate specific interventions to address the escalating rate of caesareans. Methods: This qualitative study took place in Matlab, a rural sub-district in Bangladesh. We interviewed women attending their 3rd antenatal visit, those with recent caesareans, and obstetricians from both public and private health facilities. In total there were twenty in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions. Study participants were asked about their preferences on birthing mode and knowledge of the caesarean section process. Thematic data analysis was done following a deductive approach. Results: Women from this rural community had a strong preference for normal vaginal birth. However, they were willing to accept the attending health care provider’s decision for caesarean birth. Antenatal care sessions did not provide information on the medical indications for caesarean section. Furthermore, some women had the misconception that episiotomy itself is a ‘small caesarean.’ Primary health care providers and clinic agents (brokers) had a strong influence on women’s decision to choose a health facility for giving birth. However, obstetricians, having a preference for caesarean section, were receiving more patients from these brokers which may be an important reason for the high rate of clinically non-indicated caesareans at private hospitals in Bangladesh. Improper labour monitoring and inadequate staffing at health facilities were additional influences on the preference for caesarean section. However, critical knowledge gaps were also observed among study obstetricians, particularly with regards to the indications for and timing of elective caesarean sections. Conclusion: There is a need to educate women about the advantages and disadvantages of different birthing modes to ensure their active participation in the decision making process. Strong policy regulations are needed to ensure legitimate decision making by obstetricians regarding mode of birthing.
Barriers to timely and safe blood transfusion for PPH patients: evidence from a qualitative study in Dhaka, Bangladesh
(BRAC Univeristy, 12/2/2016) Akhter, Sadika; Anwar, Iqbal; Akter, Rashida; Kumkum, Feroza Akhter; Nisha, Monjura Khatun; Ashraf, Fatema; Islam, Ferdousi; Begum, Nazneen; Chowdhury, Mahbub Elahi; Austin, Anne; Islam, Syed Shariful; Rahman, Aminur
Background and Objectives In Bangladesh, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality accounting for 31% of all blood transfusions in the country. Although safe blood transfusion is one of the 8 signal functions of Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric Care (CEmOC) strategy, most of the designated public sector CEmOC facilities do not have on-site blood storage system. Emergent blood is mainly available from external blood banks. As a result, emergent patients are to rely on an unregulated network of brokers for blood which may raise question about blood safety. This study explored lived experiences of patients’ attendants, managers, providers, and blood brokers before and after the implementation of an on-line Blood Information and Management Application (BIMA) in regards to barriers and facilitators of blood transfusion for emergent patients. Methods Data were collected at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), a tertiary-level teaching hospital before (January 2014) and after (March 2015) the introduction of an online BIMA system. Data collection methods included 24 key informant interviews (KIIs) and 40 in-depth interviews (IDIs). KIIs were conducted with formal health service providers, health managers and unlicensed blood brokers. IDIs were conducted with the relatives and husbands of women who suffered PPH, and needed emergency blood. Results Patients’ attendants were unaware of patients’ blood type and availability of blood in emergency situation. Newly introduced online BIMA system could facilitate blood transfusion process for poor patients at lower cost and during any time of day and night. However, service providers and service recipients were heavily dependent on a network of unlicensed blood brokers for required blood for emergent PPH patients. Blood collected through unlicensed blood brokers is un-screened, unregulated and probably unsafe. Blood brokers feel that they are providing a needed service, acknowledged a financial incentive and unaware about safety of blood that they supply. Conclusions Ensuring safe and timely blood transfusion is necessary to end preventable maternal mortality. In a context where facilities have no on-site blood, and both providers and patient attendants are heavily dependent on an unregulated cadre of unlicensed blood brokers, access to timely safe blood transfusion is seriously threatened. BIMA is a promising intervention to reduce inefficiencies in obtaining blood, but steps must be taken to ensure buy-in from current purveyors of blood, and to increase the acceptance of the intervention.
Design of an Intelligent Solar Tracking Battery Management System with IoT-Enabled MPPT Optimization
(Daffodil International University, 2025-09-25) Jashim, Marjuk; Rahman, Aminur; Hasan, Abu
With the adding demand for electricity and the reduction of non-renewable energy sources, the need for sustainable and effective energy results has come pivotal. pastoral electrification remains a major challenge in numerous developing regions, where access to a stable and dependable power force is frequently shy. Photovoltaic (PV) solar- grounded microgrid systems offer a promising volition for delivering electricity to out- grid and remote areas. still, the intermittent nature of solar energy and issues related to grid stability present significant obstacles to their wide relinquishment. This study aims to dissect a PV solar- grounded microgrid system for pastoral electrification using HOMER- Pro, an extensively employed software for optimizing mongrel renewable energy systems. The exploration focuses on assessing the feasibility, effectiveness, and profitable viability of integrating a solar- powered microgrid into pastoral energy structure. It examines colorful system configurations, including standalone and grid- connected models, to identify the most effective design that ensures both maximum energy generation and system trustability. Crucial parameters similar as solar radiation vacuity, variations in cargo demand, battery storehouse capacity, and overall system cost are considered in developing an optimized model. likewise, the study explores the part of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technology and Commensurable-Integral (PI) regulators in inverters to ameliorate power quality and maintain grid stability. A well- structured control system is designed, incorporating an MPPT- grounded BOOST motor, an inverter, and an LC sludge. also, a profitable analysis is performed in HOMER- Pro to compare different system configurations grounded on crucial fiscal criteria similar as Net Present Cost (NPC), Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), and overall system trustability. The findings of this study give precious perceptivity into the design and optimization of PV solar- grounded microgrids for pastoral electrification. The exploration highlights that with effective control strategies and proper system optimization, solar microgrids can serve as a cost-effective and sustainable result to address energy access challenges in remote areas. The results of this study can be used as a reference for policymakers, energy itineraries, and experimenters working toward expanding pastoral electrification through renewable energy technology.
Determining sources of groundwater salinity in the multi-layered aquifer system of the bengal delta, Bangladesh
(© 2016 Published by BRAC University, 2016) Zahid, Anwar; Rahman, Aminur; Hassan, M. Rashidul; Ali, M. Hazrat
The study area lies on the coastal belt of the Bengal Delta, southern Bangladesh. This study bas been condocted to deteonine salinity sources in the multi-layered aquifers of the Bengal Delta. Dissolved major ions including chloride (Cr) and brontide (Br) were measured in groundwater of the coastal areas of Bangladesh to assess the source(s) of salinity. Ionic concentrations of 48 groundwater samples were analyzed for this study; samples were collected from observation wells installed at different depths down to 336 m. The major ion trends of the upper (<200 m deep) Sodium (Na')-Chloride (Cr) groundwater type is defined as Na+> Calcium (Ca2l> Magnesium (Mg'"')> Potassium (K"') and Cl> Bi-carbonate (HC03 )> Sulfate (So,'-). The deep groundwater (201-336 m deep) bas ionic trend of Na+>Ca2+>Mg'+>K+ and HC03>Cl>So.'·. The shallow groundwater (<200 m deep) of the south central coast bas Br:Cr ratios between 0.00234 and 0.00354 and correspondiog Cr:Br molar ratios between 635.51 and 959.78, which indicates that seawater from the ocean is the principal source of chloride in the upper aquifers with the mixture of fresh water mainly recharged from monsoon rain. At some locations in the south-central coast, seawater is also the principal source of the salinity in deep groundwater, within the depth ranging from 201 to 336 m. Elevated chloride concentration might be due to the entrapment of relict seawater in the sediment during Holocene transgression.
Increased caesarean deliveries in rural Bangladesh : what is an influence and what can be done?
(Universal Health Coverage, Health Systems & Population Studies Division, icddr,b, 2018-05) Begum, Tahmina; Rahman, Aminur; Hoque, Dewan Emdadul; Nababan, Herfina Yohana; Khan, Al Fazal; ali, Taslim; Anwar, Iqbal
Manual on how to apply research evidence in health policy in Bangladesh
(International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 2012) Anwar, Iqbal; Rahman, Aminur; Ferdous, Jannatul; Ahmed, Shibbir; Akhter, Sadika; Hossain, Shaikh A. Shahed; Huda, Fauzia Akhter; Al Mamun, M.; Al Haque, Nafis; Islam, Nazrul; Islam, Syed Shariful; Aulakh, Bhupinder Kaur
Performance Analysis of ACI Limited
(Daffodil International University, 2019-01-21) Rahman, Aminur
This report is prepared on the basis of my research experience at ACI (Bangladesh) Limited. This internship report helped me to learn about the scenario of performance analysis of the company and how it expands its financial circumstances in our country. ACI has been a partner in the development journey of this nation for more than 26 years now. Its business success has been complemented by its commitment to the environment, society and community. There are many different categories of institutions, which play a vital role for changing the social structure and for the economic development of our country. ACI is one of the most important institutions of them. ACI is playing an important role to build, nurture & to enhance of a Capital Market for the economic growth of Bangladesh. ACI has proved itself a caring organization to the existing employees. As a development financial institution it provides term loan to finance equity gap, provides working capital. As a market maker it has unit certificate, underwriting securities. It also deals and manages Mutual Funds. The report emphasizes with the analysis of the footwear industry, company in focus, presenting the mission & vision, the values & product, description of 8 associates companies, finance related issues are discussed in detail along with their results and possibilities. That is why it is very much important for us to know about practical functions of ACI which are playing significant roles for the economic development of Bangladesh. I was assigned at Career Development Center (CDC) for making a documentation on 12 major leading companies of Bangladesh and I chose ACI among them for the accomplishment of my internship topic on financial performance analysis and I have tried to present my report on the basis of my research and survey which I gained during the internship period. The basis of my report is financial analysis of ACI’s performance through ratios and plotting in the chart. I try to focus on ACI’s financial performance by evaluating its liquidity, solvency and profitability position. I also try to evaluate its portfolio performance of different funds. At the last phase of my report, I present my major findings, problems that have faced the company during investment period and give recommendation which I though important.
Trends and inequities in use of maternal health care services in Bangladesh, 1991-2011
(© 2015 Public Library of Science, 2015) Anwar, Iqbal; Y. Nababan, Herfina; Mostari, Shabnam; Rahman, Aminur; A. M. Khan, Jahangir
Background and Methods Monitoring use-inequity is important to measure progress in efforts to address healthinequities. Using data from six Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS), we examine trends, inequities and socio-demographic determinants of use of maternal health care services in Bangladesh between 1991 and 2011. Findings Access to maternal health care services has improved in the last two decades. The adjusted yearly trend was 9.0% (8.6%-9.5%) for any antenatal care (ANC), 11.9%(11.1%-12.7%) for institutional delivery, and 18.9% (17.3%-20.5%) for C-section delivery which is above the WHO recommended rate of 5-15%. Use-inequity was significant for all three indicators but is reducing over time. Between 1991-1994 and 2007-2011 the rich:poor ratio reduced from 3.65 to 1.65 for ANC and from 15.80 to 6.77 for institutional delivery. Between 1995-1998 and 2007-2011, the concentration index reduced from 0.27 (0.25-0.29) to 0.15 (0.14-0.16) for ANC, and from 0.65 (0.60-0.71) to 0.39 (0.37-0.41) for institutional delivery during that period. For use of c-section, the rich:poor ratio reduced from 18.17 to 13.39 and the concentration index from 0.66 (0.57-0.75) to 0.47 (0.45-0.49). In terms of rich:poor differences, there was equity-gain for ANC but not for facility delivery or C-section delivery. All sociodemographic variables were significant predictors of use; of them, maternal education was the most powerful. In addition, the contribution of for-profit private sector is increasingly growing in maternal health. Conclusion Both access and equity are improving in maternal health. We recommend strengthening ongoing health and non-health interventions for the poor. Use-inequity should be monitored using multiple indicators which are incorporated into routine health information systems. Rising C-section rate is alarming and indication of C-sections should be monitored both in private and public sector facilities.
Trends and inequities in use of maternal health care services in Bangladesh, 1991-2011
(© 2015 Public Library of Science, 2015) Anwar, Iqbal; Y. Nababan, Herfina; Mostari, Shabnam; Rahman, Aminur; A. M. Khan, Jahangir
Background and Methods Monitoring use-inequity is important to measure progress in efforts to address healthinequities. Using data from six Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS), we examine trends, inequities and socio-demographic determinants of use of maternal health care services in Bangladesh between 1991 and 2011. Findings Access to maternal health care services has improved in the last two decades. The adjusted yearly trend was 9.0% (8.6%-9.5%) for any antenatal care (ANC), 11.9%(11.1%-12.7%) for institutional delivery, and 18.9% (17.3%-20.5%) for C-section delivery which is above the WHO recommended rate of 5-15%. Use-inequity was significant for all three indicators but is reducing over time. Between 1991-1994 and 2007-2011 the rich:poor ratio reduced from 3.65 to 1.65 for ANC and from 15.80 to 6.77 for institutional delivery. Between 1995-1998 and 2007-2011, the concentration index reduced from 0.27 (0.25-0.29) to 0.15 (0.14-0.16) for ANC, and from 0.65 (0.60-0.71) to 0.39 (0.37-0.41) for institutional delivery during that period. For use of c-section, the rich:poor ratio reduced from 18.17 to 13.39 and the concentration index from 0.66 (0.57-0.75) to 0.47 (0.45-0.49). In terms of rich:poor differences, there was equity-gain for ANC but not for facility delivery or C-section delivery. All sociodemographic variables were significant predictors of use; of them, maternal education was the most powerful. In addition, the contribution of for-profit private sector is increasingly growing in maternal health. Conclusion Both access and equity are improving in maternal health. We recommend strengthening ongoing health and non-health interventions for the poor. Use-inequity should be monitored using multiple indicators which are incorporated into routine health information systems. Rising C-section rate is alarming and indication of C-sections should be monitored both in private and public sector facilities.